Caffeine and sodium bicarbonate supplementation alone or together improve karate performance
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Background The ergogenic properties of acute caffeine (CAF) and sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) ingestion on athletic performance have been previously investigated. However, each sport has unique physiological and technical characteristics which warrants optimizing supplementations strategies for maximizing performance. This study examined the effects of CAF and NaHCO3 ingestion on physiological responses and rate of perceived exertion during a Karate-specific aerobic test (KSAT) in competitive karatekas.Methods In a double-blind, crossover, randomized placebo-controlled trial, eight Karatekas underwent five experimental conditions including control (CON), placebo (PLA), CAF, NaHCO3, and CAF + NaHCO3 before completing KSAT. Capsules containing 6 mg/kg BW CAF were consumed 50 min prior to a KSAT whilst 0.3 g/kg BW NaHCO3 was consumed for 3 days leading to and 120, 90, and 60 min prior to a KSAT. Time to exhaustion (TTE), rate of perceived exertion (RPE), and blood lactate (BL) were measured before, immediately after and 3 min following KSAT.Results TTE was significantly greater following CAF, NaHCO3, and CAF + NaHCO3 consumption compared to PLA and CON. However, the differences between CAF, NaHCO3, and CAF + NaHCO3 were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). BL increased significantly from baseline to immediately after and 3 min following KSAT in all conditions (p < 0.01), while RPE at the end of KSAT was not significantly different between conditions (p = 0.11).Conclusions Karate practitioners may benefit from the ergogenic effects of CAF and NaHCO3 when consumed separately or together.
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Sodium bicarbonate can change the content of blood lactate.
“Some studies have indicated that sodium bicarbonate can change the content of blood lactate (Hartono and Sukadiono, 2017; Rezaei et al., 2019).”
From Acute enteric-coated sodium bicarbonate has negligible effect on anaerobic performance but affects metabolomics and attenuates the gastrointestinal response (2022) · cites this paper as Rezaei et al., 2019
The Results > Blood lactate section reports higher blood lactate three minutes after the karate test with sodium bicarbonate than with caffeine alone. However, the overall supplement effect was not significant, and sodium bicarbonate did not differ significantly from placebo or control. The study therefore supports a change relative to caffeine, but not an unqualified effect of sodium bicarbonate on blood lactate. (LLM, conf=0.83)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredSodium bicarbonate increases extracellular pH and promotes H+ and lactate efflux from active muscles.
“Various studies have confirmed that sodium bicarbonate increases extracellular pH and promotes H+ and lactate efflux from active muscles (Driller et al., 2012; Rezaei et al., 2019).”
From Acute enteric-coated sodium bicarbonate has negligible effect on anaerobic performance but affects metabolomics and attenuates the gastrointestinal response (2022) · cites this paper as Rezaei et al., 2019
The Introduction (page unavailable) describes sodium bicarbonate as an extracellular buffer that helps maintain blood pH. The Discussion (page unavailable) says greater H+ and lactate efflux from working muscle has been hypothesized, not confirmed. The citing sentence overstates the certainty of that mechanism. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredRezaei et al. 2019, Sarshin et al. 2021, and Ziyaiyan et al. 2023 provided meals containing 1.5 g/kg carbohydrate alongside sodium bicarbonate at the time of the final dose before exercise.
“Worth noting, (Rezaei et al. 2019), (Sarshin et al. 2021), and (Ziyaiyan et al. 2023) provided meals containing 1.5 g/kg carbohydrate alongside sodium bicarbonate at the time of the final dose before exercise.”
From Gastrointestinal Symptoms Associated With Sodium Bicarbonate Supplementation Protocols: A Systematic Review (2026) · cites this paper as Rezaei et al. 2019
Methods > Dietary control states that participants consumed a snack containing 1.5 g/kg body weight of carbohydrate 150 minutes before the exercise test. Methods > Supplementation protocol states that the final sodium bicarbonate dose was taken 60 minutes before the test, not at the time of the snack. This verdict concerns Rezaei et al. only. (LLM, conf=0.90)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredRezaei et al. 2019 and Ziyaiyan et al. 2023 provided 0.3 g/kg/day sodium bicarbonate over a three-day span, both alone and alongside caffeine.
“(Rezaei et al. 2019) and (Ziyaiyan et al. 2023) provided 0.3 g/kg/day over a three‐day span, both alone and alongside caffeine.”
From Gastrointestinal Symptoms Associated With Sodium Bicarbonate Supplementation Protocols: A Systematic Review (2026) · cites this paper as Rezaei et al. 2019
Three chronic dosing studies provided sodium bicarbonate in gelatin capsules.
“Three studies provided sodium bicarbonate in gelatin capsules (Delextrat et al. 2018; Rezaei et al. 2019; Ziyaiyan et al. 2023)”
From Gastrointestinal Symptoms Associated With Sodium Bicarbonate Supplementation Protocols: A Systematic Review (2026) · cites this paper as Rezaei et al. 2019
Three chronic-dosing studies made no mention of timing of GIS assessment whatsoever (Sarshin et al. 2021; Rezaei et al. 2019; Ziyaiyan et al. 2023).
“while an additional three studies made no mention of timing whatsoever (Sarshin et al. 2021; Rezaei et al. 2019; Ziyaiyan et al. 2023).”
From Gastrointestinal Symptoms Associated With Sodium Bicarbonate Supplementation Protocols: A Systematic Review (2026) · cites this paper as Rezaei et al. 2019
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“Some studies have indicated that sodium bicarbonate can change the content of blood lactate (Hartono and Sukadiono, 2017; Rezaei et al., 2019).”
BackgroundAcute Co-Ingestion of Caffeine and Sodium Bicarbonate on Muscular Endurance Performance
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- Authors
- Rezaei, S., Akbari, K., Gahreman, D. E., Sarshin, A., Tabben, M., Kaviani, M., Sadeghinikoo, A., Koozehchian, M. S., & Naderi, A.
- Affiliations
- Tarbiat Modares University (IR)
- Kharazmi University (IR)
- Charles Darwin University (AU)
- Islamic Azad University, Karaj (IR)
- Qatar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital (QA)
- Acadia University (CA)
- Sport Medicine Center, Oxygen Sport Group Tehran Iran
- Jacksonville State University (US)
- Islamic Azad University Boroujerd Branch (IR)
- Corresponding author
- Akbari, Kazem
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2019-01-15
- Volume
- 16
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 44-44
- ISSN
- 1550-2783 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6798418
- OpenAlex
- W2980317639
- Cited by
- 35
- References
- 63
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 2
- FWCI
- 2.94
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Coffee research and impacts
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Keywords
- caffeine, sodium bicarbonate, ergogenic aids, karate, time to exhaustion, blood lactate, rating of perceived exertion, cardiorespiratory fitness, acute supplementation, competitive athletes
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Caffeine, Double-Blind Method, Humans, Martial Arts, Sodium Bicarbonate, Cross-Over Studies, Athletic Performance, Young Adult, Performance-Enhancing Substances
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