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Cited by 515Ovarian function and disordersAdipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic DiseasesReproductive Biology and Fertility

Inflammation in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Underpinning of insulin resistance and ovarian dysfunction

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González, Frank·2012·Steroids
DOI 10.1016/j.steroids.2011.12.003PMC PMC3309040
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Abstract

Chronic low-grade inflammation has emerged as a key contributor to the pathogenesis of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS). A dietary trigger such as glucose is capable of inciting oxidative stress and an inflammatory response from mononuclear cells (MNC) of women with PCOS, and this phenomenon is independent of obesity. This is important because MNC-derived macrophages are the primary source of cytokine production in excess adipose tissue, and also promote adipocyte cytokine production in a paracrine fashion. The proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) is a known mediator of insulin resistance. Glucose-stimulated TNFα release from MNC along with molecular markers of inflammation are associated with insulin resistance in PCOS. Hyperandrogenism is capable of activating MNC in the fasting state, thereby increasing MNC sensitivity to glucose; and this may be a potential mechanism for promoting diet-induced inflammation in PCOS. Increased abdominal adiposity is prevalent across all weight classes in PCOS, and this inflamed adipose tissue contributes to the inflammatory load in the disorder. Nevertheless, glucose ingestion incites oxidative stress in normal weight women with PCOS even in the absence of increased abdominal adiposity. In PCOS, markers of oxidative stress and inflammation are highly correlated with circulating androgens. Chronic suppression of ovarian androgen production does not ameliorate inflammation in normal weight women with the disorder. Furthermore, in vitro studies have demonstrated the ability of pro-inflammatory stimuli to upregulate the ovarian theca cell steroidogenic enzyme responsible for androgen production. These findings support the contention that inflammation directly stimulates the polycystic ovary to produce androgens.

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Authors
González, F.
Affiliations
Indiana University School of Medicine (US)
Corresponding author
González, Frank
ORCID
González, Frank
Venue
Steroids
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2012-03
Volume
77
Issue
4
Pages
300-305
ISSN
0039-128X (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.steroids.2011.12.003
PMC
PMC3309040
OpenAlex
W2042639777
Cited by
515
References
6
Citations by year
2026: 66 · 2025: 54 · 2024: 45 · 2023: 59 · 2022: 58 · 2021: 50 · 2020: 40 · 2019: 30 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 22 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 9
FWCI
1.83
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations
  • Steroids (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
  • IUScholarWorks (Indiana University) (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health
  • Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (HD-048535, R03HD048535)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Ovarian function and disorders
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Reproductive Biology and Fertility
Keywords
polycystic ovary syndrome, low-grade inflammation, insulin resistance, mononuclear cells, macrophages, TNF-α, oxidative stress, hyperandrogenism, abdominal fat, adipose tissue inflammation, theca cells, androgen production, dietary glucose, ovarian dysfunction
MeSH terms
Animals, Diet, Female, Humans, Inflammation, Insulin Resistance, Ovary, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

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