Why (we think) facilitation works: insights from organizational learning theory
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Facilitation is a guided interactional process that has been popularized in health care. Its popularity arises from its potential to support uptake and application of scientific knowledge that stands to improve clinical and managerial decision-making, practice, and ultimately patient outcomes and organizational performance. While this popular concept has garnered attention in health services research, we know that both the content of facilitation and its impact on knowledge implementation vary. The basis of this variation is poorly understood, and understanding is hampered by a lack of conceptual clarity. DISCUSSION: In this paper, we argue that our understanding of facilitation and its effects is limited in part by a lack of clear theoretical grounding. We propose a theoretical home for facilitation in organizational learning theory. Referring to extant literature on facilitation and drawing on theoretical literature, we discuss the features of facilitation that suggest its role in contributing to learning capacity. We describe how facilitation may contribute to generating knowledge about the application of new scientific knowledge in health-care organizations. Facilitation's promise, we suggest, lies in its potential to stimulate higher-order learning in organizations through experimenting with, generating learning about, and sustaining small-scale adaptations to organizational processes and work routines. The varied effectiveness of facilitation observed in the literature is associated with the presence or absence of factors known to influence organizational learning, since facilitation itself appears to act as a learning mechanism. We offer propositions regarding the relationships between facilitation processes and key organizational learning concepts that have the potential to guide future work to further our understanding of the role that facilitation plays in learning and knowledge generation.
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There is still more work to do on clarifying the concept of facilitation.
“As others have noted, there is still more work to do on clarifying the concept of facilitation [80, 81].”
From PARIHS revisited: from heuristic to integrated framework for the successful implementation of knowledge into practice (2015) · cites this paper as [81]
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- Authors
- Berta, W., Cranley, L., Dearing, J. W., Dogherty, E. J., Squires, J. E., & Estabrooks, C. A.
- Affiliations
- University of Toronto (CA)
- Michigan State University (US)
- Providence Health Care (CA)
- University of Ottawa (CA)
- University of Alberta (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Berta, Whitney
- ORCID
- Venue
- Implementation Science
- Published
- 2015-10-06
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 141-141
- ISSN
- 1748-5908 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4596304
- OpenAlex
- W2096255578
- Cited by
- 286
- References
- 92
- Citations by year
- 2026: 19 · 2025: 26 · 2024: 35 · 2023: 40 · 2022: 34 · 2021: 31 · 2020: 35 · 2019: 27 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 1
- FWCI
- 23.11
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Implementation Science (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- uO Research (University of Ottawa) (submittedVersion, public-domain)
- TSpace (University of Toronto) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Health Policy Implementation Science
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Health Sciences Research and Education
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management › Organizational Learning and Leadership
- Keywords
- facilitation, organizational learning theory, knowledge implementation, health care organization, learning ability, higher-order learning, organizational adaptation, knowledge production, learning mechanisms, implementation effectiveness
- MeSH terms
- Diffusion of Innovation, Health Services Research, Humans, Learning, Organizational Innovation, Problem Solving
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