Digital Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Insomnia versus sleep hygiene education: the impact of improved sleep on functional health, quality of life and psychological well-being. Study protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Previous research has demonstrated that digital CBT (dCBT), delivered via the Internet, is a scalable and effective intervention for treating insomnia in otherwise healthy adults and leads to significant improvements in primary outcomes relating to sleep. The majority of people with insomnia, however, seek help because of the functional impact and daytime consequences of poor sleep, not because of sleep discontinuity per se. Although some secondary analyses suggest that dCBT may have wider health benefits, no adequately powered study has investigated these as a primary endpoint. This study specifically aims to investigate the impact of dCBT for insomnia upon health and well-being, and will investigate sleep-related changes as mediating factors. METHODS/DESIGN: We propose a pragmatic, parallel-group, randomised controlled trial of 1000 community participants meeting criteria for insomnia disorder. In the DIALS trial (Digital Insomnia therapy to Assist your Life as well as your Sleep), participants will be randomised to dCBT delivered using web and/or mobile channels (in addition to treatment as usual (TAU)) or to sleep hygiene education (SHE), comprising a website plus a downloadable booklet (in addition to TAU). Online assessments will take place at 0 (baseline), 4 (mid-treatment), 8 (post-treatment), and 24 (follow-up) weeks. At week 25 all participants allocated to SHE will be offered dCBT, at which point the controlled element of the trial will be complete. Naturalistic follow-up will be invited at weeks 36 and 48. Primary outcomes are functional health and well-being at 8 weeks. Secondary outcomes are mood, fatigue, sleepiness, cognitive function, productivity and social functioning. All main analyses will be carried out at the end of the final controlled follow-up assessments and will be based on the intention-to-treat principle. Further analyses will determine whether observed changes in functional health and well-being are mediated by changes in sleep. The trial is funded by Big Health Ltd. DISCUSSION: This study will be the first large-scale, specifically designed investigation of the health and well-being benefits of CBT for insomnia, and the first examination of the association between CBT-mediated sleep improvement and health status. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ISRCTN60530898 .
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Recent studies have shown that those who received Web-based CBTi had improved sleep outcomes.
“Recent studies have shown that those who received Web-based CBTi had improved sleep outcomes [22-26].”
From Tamper-Resistant Mobile Health Using Blockchain Technology. (2017) · cites this paper as [23]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
American Psychiatric Association (2013) · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596 · Cited by 116,369 · see citing works
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
Williams, J. B. W., & First, M. B. (2013) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199975839.013.104 · Cited by 109,841 · see citing works
A Brief Measure for Assessing Generalized Anxiety Disorder: The GAD-7
Spitzer, R. L., Kroenke, K., Williams, J. B. W., & Löwe, B. (2006) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.166.10.1092 · Cited by 31,765 · see citing works
A New Method for Measuring Daytime Sleepiness: The Epworth Sleepiness Scale
Johns, M. W. (1991) · Sleep · doi:10.1093/sleep/14.6.540 · Cited by 17,364 · see citing works
The Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (WEMWBS): development and UK validation
Tennant, R., Hiller, L., Fishwick, R., Platt, S., Joseph, S., Weich, S., Parkinson, J., Secker, J., & Stewart-Brown, S. (2007) · Health and Quality of Life Outcomes · doi:10.1186/1477-7525-5-63 · Cited by 5,031 · see citing works
Kroenke, K., Spitzer, R. L., Williams, J. B. W., & Löwe, B. (2010) · General Hospital Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2010.03.006 · Cited by 4,057 · see citing works
Epidemiology of insomnia: what we know and what we still need to learn
Ohayon, M. M. (2002) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1053/smrv.2002.0186 · Cited by 3,743 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Worldwide, epidemiologic studies report the prevalence of a chronic clinical insomnia disorder at 10 to 12 % [2–4].”
BackgroundThe Validity and Reproducibility of a Work Productivity and Activity Impairment Instrument
Reilly, M. C., Zbrozek, A. S., & Dukes, E. M. (1993) · PharmacoEconomics · doi:10.2165/00019053-199304050-00006 · Cited by 3,071 · see citing works
The Cognitive Failures Questionnaire (CFQ) and its correlates.
Broadbent, D., Cooper, P. F., Fitzgerald, P. H., & Parkes, K. (1982) · British Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1982.tb01421.x · Cited by 2,967 · see citing works
Baglioni, C., Battagliese, G., Feige, B., Spiegelhalder, K., Nissen, C., Voderholzer, U., Lombardo, C., & Riemann, D. (2011) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2011.01.011 · Cited by 2,779 · see citing works
Sleep Health: Can We Define It? Does It Matter?
Buysse, D. J. (2014) · SLEEP · doi:10.5665/sleep.3298 · Cited by 2,607 · see citing works
The consensus sleep diary: standardizing prospective sleep self-monitoring
Carney, C. E., Buysse, D. J., Ancoli-Israel, S., Edinger, J. D., Krystal, A. D., Lichstein, K. L., & Morin, C. M. (2012) · Sleep · doi:10.5665/sleep.1642 · Cited by 2,172 · see citing works
Hays, R. D., Bjorner, J. B., Revicki, D. A., Spritzer, K. L., & Cella, D. (2009) · Quality of Life Research · doi:10.1007/s11136-009-9496-9 · Cited by 1,957 · see citing works
Quantity and Quality of Sleep and Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes
Cappuccio, F. P., D'Elia, L., Strazzullo, P., & Miller, M. A. (2010) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc09-1124 · Cited by 1,670 · see citing works
MORIN, C., LEBLANC, M., DALEY, M., GREGOIRE, J., & MERETTE, C. (2006) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2005.08.008 · Cited by 1,191 · see citing works
Assessing the validity of single-item life satisfaction measures: results from three large samples
Cheung, F., & Lucas, R. E. (2014) · Quality of Life Research · doi:10.1007/s11136-014-0726-4 · Cited by 1,123 · see citing works
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Chronic Insomnia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Trauer, J. M., Qian, M. Y., Doyle, J. S., Rajaratnam, S. M. W., & Cunnington, D. (2015) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/m14-2841 · Cited by 1,053 · see citing works
The National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE)
Rodgers, A.-T. (2002) · Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases · doi:10.1136/ard.61.suppl_2.ii92 · Cited by 976 · see citing works
Luyster, F. S., Strollo, P. J., Zee, P. C., & Walsh, J. K. (2012) · SLEEP · doi:10.5665/sleep.1846 · Cited by 868 · see citing works
Manber, R., Edinger, J. D., Gress, J. L., Pedro-Salcedo, M. G. S., Kuo, T. F., & Kalista, T. (2008) · Sleep · doi:10.1093/sleep/31.4.489 · Cited by 868 · see citing works
Morin, C., Vallières, A., Guay, B., Ivers, H., Savard, J., Mérette, C., Bastien, C., & Baillargeon, L. (2009) · Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) · doi:10.1001/jama.2009.682 · Cited by 766 · see citing works
Insomnia with Objective Short Sleep Duration is Associated with a High Risk for Hypertension
Vgontzas, A. N., Liao, D., Bixler, E. O., Chrousos, G. P., & Vela-Bueno, A. (2009) · Sleep · doi:10.1093/sleep/32.4.491 · Cited by 748 · see citing works
The Relationship Assessment Scale
Hendrick, S. S., Dicke, A., & Hendrick, C. (1998) · Journal of Social and Personal Relationships · doi:10.1177/0265407598151009 · Cited by 724 · see citing works
Wilson, S., Nutt, D., Alford, C., Argyropoulos, S., Baldwin, D., Bateson, A., Britton, T., Crowe, C., Dijk, D.-J., Espie, C., et al. (2010) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/0269881110379307 · Cited by 634 · see citing works
Self-citationComparative effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia: a systematic review
Mitchell, M. D., Gehrman, P., Perlis, M., & Umscheid, C. A. (2012) · BMC Family Practice · doi:10.1186/1471-2296-13-40 · Cited by 617 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Metaanalyses indicate that CBT has moderate to large and durable effects on sleep quality, sleep efficiency, sleep onset latency and wake time after sleep onset [22–24].”
BackgroundEpidemiology of Insomnia: a Longitudinal Study in a UK Population
(2007) · Sleep · doi:10.1093/sleep/30.3.274 · Cited by 583 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Worldwide, epidemiologic studies report the prevalence of a chronic clinical insomnia disorder at 10 to 12 % [2–4].”
BackgroundInsomnia With Objective Short Sleep Duration Is Associated With Type 2 Diabetes
Vgontzas, A. N., Liao, D., Pejovic, S., Calhoun, S., Karataraki, M., & Bixler, E. O. (2009) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc09-0284 · Cited by 551 · see citing works
Espie, C. A., Kyle, S. D., Williams, C., Ong, J. C., Douglas, N. J., Hames, P., & Brown, J. S. L. (2012) · Sleep · doi:10.5665/sleep.1872 · Cited by 550 · see citing works
Self-citationReliability and Validity of a Single-Item Measure of Job Satisfaction
Dolbier, C. L., Webster, J. A., McCalister, K. T., Mallon, M. W., & Steinhardt, M. A. (2005) · American Journal of Health Promotion · doi:10.4278/0890-1171-19.3.194 · Cited by 542 · see citing works
Wu, J. Q., Appleman, E. R., Salazar, R. D., & Ong, J. C. (2015) · JAMA Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2015.3006 · Cited by 527 · see citing works
Self-citationInsomnia and health-related quality of life
Kyle, S. D., Morgan, K., & Espie, C. A. (2010) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2009.07.004 · Cited by 520 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Sleep Condition Indicator: a clinical screening tool to evaluate insomnia disorder
Espie, C. A., Kyle, S. D., Hames, P., Gardani, M., Fleming, L., & Cape, J. (2014) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2013-004183 · Cited by 517 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Natural History of Insomnia: A Population-Based 3-Year Longitudinal Study
Morin, C. M., Bélanger, L., LeBlanc, M., Ivers, H., Savard, J., Espie, C. A., Mérette, C., Baillargeon, L., & Grégoire, J.-P. (2009) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinternmed.2008.610 · Cited by 498 · see citing works
Self-citationEfficacy of an Internet-based behavioral intervention for adults with insomnia
Ritterband, L. M., Thorndike, F. P., Gonder-Frederick, L. A., Magee, J. C., Bailey, E. T., Saylor, D. K., & Morin, C. M. (2009) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2009.66 · Cited by 482 · cited 1× · see citing works
“symptoms relative to waitlist groups [32–34].”
Röth, T., & Ancoli‐Israel, S. (1999) · PubMed · Cited by 397 · see citing works
Espie, C. A., Fleming, L., Cassidy, J., Samuel, L., Taylor, L. M., White, C. A., Douglas, N. J., Engleman, H. M., Kelly, H.-L., & Paul, J. (2008) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2007.13.9006 · Cited by 383 · see citing works
Self-citationEmsley, R., Dunn, G., & White, I. R. (2010) · Statistical Methods in Medical Research · doi:10.1177/0962280209105014 · Cited by 356 · see citing works
Self-citationEspie, C. A., Inglis, S. J., Tessier, S., & Harvey, L. (2001) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7967(99)00157-6 · Cited by 339 · see citing works
Self-citationEspie, C. A., Macmahon, K., Kelly, H.-L., Broomfield, N. M., Douglas, N. J., Engleman, H. M., McKinstry, B., Morin, C. M., Walker, A., & Wilson, P. (2007) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/30.5.574 · Cited by 297 · see citing works
Self-citationDaytime symptoms in primary insomnia: A prospective analysis using ecological momentary assessment
Buysse, D. J., Thompson, W., Scott, J., Franzen, P. L., Germain, A., Hall, M., Moul, D. E., Nofzinger, E. A., & Kupfer, D. J. (2007) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2006.10.006 · Cited by 289 · see citing works
Freeman, D., Waite, F., Startup, H., Myers, E., Lister, R., McInerney, J., Harvey, A. G., Geddes, J., Zaiwalla, Z., Luengo-Fernandez, R., et al. (2015) · The Lancet Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(15)00314-4 · Cited by 219 · see citing works
Self-citation(2009) · FOCUS The Journal of Lifelong Learning in Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/foc.7.4.foc538 · Cited by 208 · see citing works
Logging on for Better Sleep: RCT of the Effectiveness of Online Treatment for Insomnia
Vincent, N., & Lewycky, S. (2009) · Sleep · doi:10.1093/sleep/32.6.807 · Cited by 206 · see citing works
Kyle, S. D., Miller, C. B., Rogers, Z., Siriwardena, A. N., Macmahon, K., & Espie, C. A. (2014) · SLEEP · doi:10.5665/sleep.3386 · Cited by 205 · see citing works
Self-citationKyle, S. D., Morgan, K., Spiegelhalder, K., & Espie, C. A. (2011) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2011.03.016 · Cited by 199 · see citing works
Self-citationGradisar, M., Lack, L. C., Richards, H., Harris, J. K., Gallasch, J., Boundy, M., & Johnston, A. (2007) · Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine · doi:10.5664/jcsm.27030 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Revicki, D. A., Kawata, A. K., Harnam, N., Chen, W.-H., Hays, R. D., & Cella, D. F. (2009) · Quality of Life Research · doi:10.1007/s11136-009-9489-8 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Lichstein, K. L., Durrence, H. H., Riedel, B. W., Taylor, D. J., & Bush, A. J. (2013) · Psychology Press eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781410610850 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
The Daytime Impactof DSM-5 Insomnia Disorder
Espie, C. A., Kyle, S. D., Hames, P., Cyhlarova, E., & Benzeval, M. (2012) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.12m07954 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Self-citationCharacteristics of Individuals Who Do or Do Not Seek Treatment for Chronic Insomnia
Stepanski, E. J., Koshorek, G., Zorick, F. J., Glinn, M. A., Roehrs, T., & Roth, T. G. (1989) · Psychosomatics · doi:10.1016/s0033-3182(89)72248-9 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Espie, C. A., Kyle, S. D., Miller, C. B., Ong, J. C., Hames, P., & Fleming, L. (2014) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2014.03.001 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Self-citationIs restricted randomisation necessary?
Hewitt, C. E., & Torgerson, D. J. (2006) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.332.7556.1506 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Retaining, and Enhancing, the QALY
Lipscomb, J., Drummond, M., Fryback, D. G., Gold, M. R., & Revicki, D. A. (2009) · Value in Health · doi:10.1111/j.1524-4733.2009.00518.x · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Kyle, S. D., Crawford, M., Morgan, K., Spiegelhalder, K., Clark, A. A., & Espie, C. A. (2013) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2012.10.023 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Self-citationEcological momentary assessment of daytime symptoms during sleep restriction therapy for insomnia
Miller, C. B., Kyle, S. D., Marshall, N. S., & Espie, C. A. (2013) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/jsr.12024 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Self-citationPillai, V., Anderson, J. R., Cheng, P., Bazan, L. F., Bostock, S., Espie, C. A., Roth, T. G., & Drake, C. L. (2015) · PubMed · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Self-citationEpidemiology of sleep age, gender, and ethnicity
Lichstein, K. L. (2004) · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Freeman, D., Sheaves, B., Goodwin, G. M., Yu, L.-M., Harrison, P. J., Emsley, R., Bostock, S., Foster, R. G., Wadekar, V., Hinds, C., et al. (2015) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-015-0756-4 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Self-citationLevitt, H., Wood, A., Moul, D. E., Hall, M. H., Germain, A., Kupfer, D. J., & Buysse, D. J. (2004) · Behavioral Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1207/s15402010bsm0202_3 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Hendrick, S. S., Dicke, A., & Hendrick, C. (2011) · PsycTESTS Dataset · doi:10.1037/t00437-000 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
2 of the 62 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- [38]Espie CA Overcoming insomnia and sleep problems: a self-help guide using cognitive behavioral techniques (chapter on sleep hygiene) 2006 London Constable & Robinson
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Espie, C. A., Emsley, R., Kyle, S. D., Gordon, C., Drake, C. L., Siriwardena, A. N., Cape, J., Ong, J. C., Sheaves, B., Foster, R., et al. (2019) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2018.2745 · Cited by 466 · see citing works
Self-citationTamper-Resistant Mobile Health Using Blockchain Technology.
Ichikawa, D., Kashiyama, M., & Ueno, T. (2017) · JMIR mHealth and uHealth · doi:10.2196/mhealth.7938 · Cited by 298 · see citing works
“Recent studies have shown that those who received Web-based CBTi had improved sleep outcomes [22-26].”
Annual Research Review: Educational neuroscience: progress and prospects
Thomas, M. S. C., Ansari, D., & Knowland, V. C. P. (2018) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.12973 · Cited by 313 · see citing works
Smartphone Apps for the Treatment of Mental Disorders: Systematic Review
Miralles, I., Granell, C., Díaz-Sanahuja, L., Van Woensel, W., Bretón-López, J., Mira, A., Castilla, D., & Casteleyn, S. (2020) · JMIR mHealth and uHealth · doi:10.2196/14897 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
Cheng, P., Luik, A. I., Fellman-Couture, C., Peterson, E. L., Joseph, C. L. M., Tallent, G., Tran, K. M., Ahmedani, B. K., Roehrs, T., Roth, T. G., et al. (2018) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291718001113 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
Self-citationDigital Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (dCBT) for Insomnia: a State-of-the-Science Review
Luik, A. I., Kyle, S. D., & Espie, C. A. (2017) · Current Sleep Medicine Reports · doi:10.1007/s40675-017-0065-4 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Self-citationYe, Y.-Y., Chen, N.-K., Chen, J., Liu, J., Lin, L., Liu, Y.-Z., Lang, Y., Li, X.-J., Yang, X.-J., & Jiang, X.-J. (2016) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2015-010707 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
van der Zweerde, T., van Straten, A., Effting, M., Kyle, S. D., & Lancee, J. (2018) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291718001149 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Self-citationSleep Abnormalities in Multiple Sclerosis
Sakkas, G. K., Giannaki, C. D., Karatzaferi, C., & Manconi, M. (2019) · Current Treatment Options in Neurology · doi:10.1007/s11940-019-0544-7 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Digital Therapeutics in Parkinson’s Disease: Practical Applications and Future Potential
Ellis, T. D., & Earhart, G. M. (2021) · Journal of Parkinson s Disease · doi:10.3233/jpd-202407 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Noorwali, E. A., Hardie, L. J., & Cade, J. E. (2019) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu11061382 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Waters, F., Chiu, V., Dragović, M., & Ree, M. J. (2020) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2020.03.054 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Update on Insomnia after Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
Zhou, Y., & Greenwald, B. D. (2018) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci8120223 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Morton, E., & Murray, G. (2020) · Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy · doi:10.1002/cpp.2433 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Luik, A. I., Marsden, A., Emsley, R., Henry, A. L., Stott, R. B., Miller, C. B., & Espie, C. A. (2020) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/jsr.13018 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Self-citationInsomnia among non-depressed multiple sclerosis patients: a cross-sectional study
Alhazzani, A. A., Alshahrani, A. A., Alqahtani, M. S., Alamri, R., Alqahtani, M. S., Alqahtani, M. S., & Alahmarii, M. (2018) · The Egyptian Journal of Neurology Psychiatry and Neurosurgery · doi:10.1186/s41983-018-0016-0 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
McCarthy, E., DeViva, J. C., Norman, S. B., Southwick, S. M., & Pietrzak, R. H. (2019) · Psychological Trauma Theory Research Practice and Policy · doi:10.1037/tra0000436 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Yang, Y., Luo, X., Paudel, D., Zhang, J., Li, S. X., & Zhang, B. (2019) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2019-033457 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Kyle, S. D., Hurry, M. E. D., Emsley, R., Luik, A. I., Omlin, X., Spiegelhalder, K., Espie, C. A., & Sexton, C. E. (2017) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-017-2012-6 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Self-citationAlternative remedies for insomnia: a proposed method for personalized therapeutic trials
Romero, K., Goparaju, B., Russo, K., Westover, M. B., & Bianchi, M. T. (2017) · Nature and Science of Sleep · doi:10.2147/nss.s128095 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Liu, C., Zhao, Y., Wang, X.-Q., Qin, S., Wan, Q., Zheng, S., & Wu, W. (2022) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-022-06012-6 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Happiness and its molecular fingerprints
Probst-Hensch, N. M. (2017) · International Review of Economics · doi:10.1007/s12232-017-0269-4 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Wiedemann, F., & Porzsolt, F. (2022) · Pragmatic and Observational Research · doi:10.2147/por.s350165 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
van Rijn, B., Chryssafidou, E., Falconer, C. J., & Stiles, W. B. (2019) · Counselling and Psychotherapy Research · doi:10.1002/capr.12230 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Stokes, E. A., Stott, R. B., Henry, A. L., Espie, C. A., & Miller, C. B. (2022) · BJGP Open · doi:10.3399/bjgpo.2022.0090 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Self-citationTreacy, T., O'Meara, Y., Galligan, M. C., Henry, A. L., Lensen, S. F., Higgins, M. J., Hickey, M., & Brennan, D. J. (2023) · Contemporary Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/j.cct.2023.107337 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Familiarity of Brazilian psychologists with basic concepts in sleep science and chronobiology
Marilac Soalheiro, L., de Jesus Brandão, B., Paiva, R. V. N., Dias Carvalho, L., Menezes Paranhos, R. D., Ribeiro Barbosa, P. C., Guerrero-Vargas, N. N., & Tamura, E. K. (2023) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.1080/07420528.2023.2250870 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Fredericks, S., Miranda, J., Sidani, S., & Farooqui, M. A.-A. (2020) · Brain Behavior & Immunity - Health · doi:10.1016/j.bbih.2020.100171 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Liu, Y., Zhai, L., Huo, R., & Ma, C. (2025) · General Hospital Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2025.07.002 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Ownby, R. L., Thomas-Purcell, K. B., Purcell, D. J., Caballero, J., Tewary, S., Davenport, R., & Simonson, M. (2024) · Journal of Psychiatry Research Reviews & Reports · doi:10.47363/jpsrr/2024(6)163 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Mizan sleep quality and Sleep Hygiene Index MiSQuaSHI: a psychometric investigation.
Manzar, M. D. (2021) · PubMed Central · doi:10.5935/1984-0063.20200052 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Mariappan, V., & Mukhtar, F. (2024) · JMIR Research Protocols · doi:10.2196/59288 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Eshghizadeh, M., Esmaeili, M., & Ahrari, S. (2020) · International Electronic Journal of Medicine · doi:10.34172/iejm.2020.02 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Behavioral Pathophysiology and Psychological Implications for Sleep Disorder in Dementia
Akter, R., Kaushik, D. K., Kumar, K., & Rahman, M. H. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-16-4558-7_1 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Schneider, M. N. (2017) · Goldsmiths (University of London) · doi:10.25602/gold.00022340
Crux Role of Neurocomputing in Teaching Learning Pedagogy
Meyyazhagan, A., Bhotla, H. K., Easwaran, M., Balasubramanian, B., Kureethara, J. V., & Pappuswamy, M. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-72400-9_22
Impact of night sentry duties on cardiometabolic health in military personnel
Byeon, H. (2025) · World Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.4330/wjc.v17.i4.102133 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Digital and telehealth sleep health interventions
Brombach, R. K., & Dietch, J. R. (2025) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-13954-3.00053-x
Enhanced Outcomes of Digital Cognitive Behavioral Therapy with Sleep Quality Metrics for Insomnia
Priya, S., & Rajini, G. (2025) · International Conference on Emerging Engineering Technologies and Applications (IC-EETA) · doi:10.1109/ic-eeta66496.2025.11547984
Early risk factors and six month posttraumatic stress disorder symptom severity following trauma
Chen, X. (., Harb, F., deRoon‐Cassini, T. A., & Larson, C. L. (2026) · European Journal of Psychotraumatology · doi:10.1080/20008066.2026.2689203
- Authors
- Espie, C. A., Luik, A. I., Cape, J., Drake, C. L., Siriwardena, A. N., Ong, J. C., Gordon, C., Bostock, S., Hames, P., Nisbet, M., Sheaves, B., G Foster, R., Freeman, D., Costa-Font, J., Emsley, R., & Kyle, S. D.
- Affiliations
- University of Oxford (GB)
- University College London (GB)
- Henry Ford Health (US)
- University of Lincoln (GB)
- Rush University Medical Center (US)
- The University of Sydney (AU)
- Warneford Hospital (GB)
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Espie, Colin A.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Trials
- Published
- 2016-05-23
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 257-257
- ISSN
- 1745-6215 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4877942
- OpenAlex
- W2407933427
- Cited by
- 41
- References
- 62
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 1
- FWCI
- 9.01
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Trials (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Explorer (The University of Manchester) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Lincoln Repository (University of Lincoln) (acceptedVersion)
- London School of Economics and Political Science Theses Online (London School of Economics and Political Science) (acceptedVersion, other-oa)
- London School of Economics and Political Science Research Online (London School of Economics and Political Science) (acceptedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- BigHealth Ltd
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Digital Mental Health Interventions
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Obstructive Sleep Apnea Research
- Keywords
- digital cognitive behavioural therapy, insomnia, sleep hygiene education, functional health, quality of life, psychological well-being, mood, fatigue, sleepiness, cognitive function, productivity, social functioning
- MeSH terms
- Sleep Hygiene, Clinical Protocols, Health Status, Humans, Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Patient Education as Topic, Quality of Life, Research Design, Therapy, Computer-Assisted, Time Factors, Health Behavior, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Single-Blind Method, Treatment Outcome, Internet, Intention to Treat Analysis
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
