Ketogenic diet modifies the gut microbiota in a murine model of autism spectrum disorder
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Gastrointestinal dysfunction and gut microbial composition disturbances have been widely reported in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This study examines whether gut microbiome disturbances are present in the BTBR(T + tf/j) (BTBR) mouse model of ASD and if the ketogenic diet, a diet previously shown to elicit therapeutic benefit in this mouse model, is capable of altering the profile. FINDINGS: Juvenile male C57BL/6 (B6) and BTBR mice were fed a standard chow (CH, 13 % kcal fat) or ketogenic diet (KD, 75 % kcal fat) for 10-14 days. Following diets, fecal and cecal samples were collected for analysis. Main findings are as follows: (1) gut microbiota compositions of cecal and fecal samples were altered in BTBR compared to control mice, indicating that this model may be of utility in understanding gut-brain interactions in ASD; (2) KD consumption caused an anti-microbial-like effect by significantly decreasing total host bacterial abundance in cecal and fecal matter; (3) specific to BTBR animals, the KD counteracted the common ASD phenotype of a low Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio in both sample types; and (4) the KD reversed elevated Akkermansia muciniphila content in the cecal and fecal matter of BTBR animals. CONCLUSIONS: Results indicate that consumption of a KD likely triggers reductions in total gut microbial counts and compositional remodeling in the BTBR mouse. These findings may explain, in part, the ability of a KD to mitigate some of the neurological symptoms associated with ASD in an animal model.
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BTBR mice were characterized by a gut microbiota profile different from that of controls.
“Additionally BTBR mice was characterized by a gut microbiota profile that was different from that of controls [110].”
From Autism, Gastrointestinal Symptoms and Modulation of Gut Microbiota by Nutritional Interventions (2019) · cites this paper as [110]
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- Authors
- Newell, C., Bomhof, M. R., Reimer, R. A., Hittel, D. S., Rho, J. M., & Shearer, J.
- Affiliations
- University of Calgary (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Newell, Christopher
- Venue
- Molecular Autism
- Published
- 2016-09-01
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 37-37
- ISSN
- 2040-2392 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5009541
- OpenAlex
- W2509638174
- Cited by
- 272
- References
- 30
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 30 · 2024: 23 · 2023: 31 · 2022: 41 · 2021: 33 · 2020: 40 · 2019: 29 · 2018: 20 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 2
- FWCI
- 10.56
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Molecular Autism (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Alberta Children's Hospital Foundation
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research
- MitoCanada
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Diet and metabolism studies
- Keywords
- ketogenic diet, autism spectrum disorder, gut microbiota, gut-brain axis, Akkermansia muciniphila, Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio, cecal microbiota, fecal microbiota, dietary fat, gastrointestinal dysfunction
- MeSH terms
- Autism Spectrum Disorder, Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Animals, Bacteria, Behavior, Animal, Cecum, Disease Models, Animal, Feces, Male, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Social Behavior, Mice, Diet, Ketogenic
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