Effect of Diet and Dietary Components on the Composition of the Gut Microbiota
Open accessAbstract
Diet and dietary components have profound effects on the composition of the gut microbiota and are among the most important contributors to the alteration in bacterial flora. This review examines the effects the "Western", "plant-based", "high-fat", "medical ketogenic", and "Mediterranean" diets have on the composition of the gut microbiota in both mice and human subjects. We show that specific dietary components that are commonly found in the "plant-based" and "Mediterranean" diet play a role in shifting the microbial composition. This review further evaluates the bacterial metabolites that are associated with diet, and their role in systemic inflammation and metabolic endotoxemia. Furthermore, the associations between diet/dietary components and altering bacterial composition, may lead to potential therapeutic targets for type II diabetes, obesity, and inflammatory diseases.
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Short-term dietary changes account for about 20% of microbiota variability, while long-term eating habits exert a more profound impact.
“While short-term dietary changes account for about 20% of microbiota variability, long-term eating habits exert a more profound impact [26,27].”
From The Gut–Brain–Microbiota Connection and Its Role in Autism Spectrum Disorders (2025) · cites this paper as [27]
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- Authors
- Beam, A., Clinger, E., & Hao, L.
- Affiliations
- Indiana University of Pennsylvania (US)
- Corresponding author
- Hao, Lei
- Venue
- Nutrients
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2021-08-15
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 2795
- ISSN
- 2072-6643 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC8398149
- OpenAlex
- W3194324433
- Cited by
- 576
- References
- 91
- Citations by year
- 2026: 98 · 2025: 151 · 2024: 157 · 2023: 114 · 2022: 51 · 2021: 5
- FWCI
- 8.61
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Nutrients (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Gastrointestinal motility and disorders
- Keywords
- gut microbiota composition, diet, Western diet, plant-based diet, high-fat diet, ketogenic diet, Mediterranean diet, food components, bacterial metabolites, systemic inflammation, metabolic endotoxemia, type 2 diabetes, obesity, inflammatory diseases
- MeSH terms
- Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Animals, Diet, Humans, Inflammation, Nutritional Physiological Phenomena, Diet, Vegetarian, Endotoxemia, Diet, Mediterranean, Mice, Diet, Ketogenic, Diet, High-Fat, Diet, Western
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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