The DOI matches its Crossref record; 239 of the 242 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The immune theory of psychiatric diseases: a key role for activated microglia and circulating monocytes
Open accessAbstract
This review describes a key role for mononuclear phagocytes in the pathogenesis of major psychiatric disorders. There is accumulating evidence for activation of microglia (histopathology and PET scans) and circulating monocytes (enhanced gene expression of immune genes, an overproduction of monocyte/macrophage-related cytokines) in patients with bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, and schizophrenia. These data are strengthened by observations in animal models, such as the MIA models, the chronic stress models, and the NOD mouse model. In these animal models of depressive-, anxiety-, and schizophrenia-like behavior, similar activations of microglia and circulating monocytes can be found. These animal models also make in-depth pathogenic studies possible and show that microglia activation impacts neuronal development and function in brain areas congruent with the altered depressive and schizophrenia-like behaviors.
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Metadata
- Authors
- Beumer, W., Gibney, S. M., Drexhage, R. C., Pont-Lezica, L., Doorduin, J., Klein, H. C., Steiner, J., Connor, T. J., Harkin, A., Versnel, M. A., & Drexhage, H. A.
- Affiliations
- Erasmus MC (NL)
- Trinity College Dublin (IE)
- Institut de Biologie de lˈEcole Normale Supérieure , INSERM, Paris, France
- University Medical Center Groningen (NL)
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg , Germany
- Corresponding author
- Beumer, Wouter
- Venue
- Journal of Leukocyte Biology
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2012-11-01
- Volume
- 92
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 959-975
- ISSN
- 0741-5400 (ISSN-L)
- 1938-3673
- OpenAlex
- W2134543031
- Cited by
- 347
- References
- 242
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 27 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 25 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 28 · 2017: 23 · 2016: 36 · 2015: 33 · 2014: 38 · 2013: 22 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 1.99
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- hdl.handle.net
- Locations
- Journal of Leukocyte Biology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- EUR Research Repository (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (publishedVersion)
- University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (publishedVersion)
- EUR Research Repository (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (submittedVersion)
- RePub (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Biological Psychiatry › Tryptophan and brain disorders
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Keywords
- microglial activation, circulating monocytes, mononuclear phagocytes, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, schizophrenia, cytokines, chronic stress, NOD mice, neuroinflammation, animal models of psychiatric disorders
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Mental Disorders, Humans, Monocytes, Microglia
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