Host defense function of the airway epithelium in health and disease: clinical background

Message, Simon D; Johnston, Sebastian L

doi:10.1189/jlb.0703315

Cited by 159Asthma and respiratory diseasesRespiratory viral infections researchinterferon and immune responses

Host defense function of the airway epithelium in health and disease: clinical background

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Message, Simon D, Johnston, Sebastian L·2004·Journal of Leukocyte Biology

DOI 10.1189/jlb.0703315PMC PMC7167170

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Abstract

Respiratory infection is extremely common and a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The airway epithelium has an important role in host defense against infection and this is illustrated in this review by considering infection by respiratory viruses. In patients with asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, respiratory viruses are a common trigger of exacerbations. Rhinoviruses (RV) are the most common virus type detected. Knowledge of the immunopathogenesis of such RV-induced exacerbations remains limited, but information is available from in vitro and from in vivo studies, especially of experimental infection in human volunteers. RV infects and replicates within epithelial cells (EC) of the lower respiratory tract. EC are an important component of the innate-immune response to RV infection. The interaction between virus and the intracellular signaling pathways of the host cell results in activation of potentially antiviral mechanisms, including type 1 interferons and nitric oxide, and in the producton of cytokines and chemokines [interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-11, IL-16, tumor necrosis factor α, granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor, growth-regulated oncogene-α, epithelial neutrophil-activating protein-78, regulated on activation, normal T expressed and secreted, eotaxin 1/2, macrophage-inflammatory protein-1α], which influence the subsequent induced innate- and specific-immune response. Although this is beneficial in facilitating clearance of virus from the respiratory tract, the generation of proinflammatory mediators and the recruitment of inflammatory cells result in a degree of immunopathology and may amplify pre-existing airway inflammation. Further research will be necessary to determine whether modification of EC responses to respiratory virus infection will be of therapeutic benefit.

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Infection of human airway epithelial cells with respiratory viruses induces rapid cytokine and chemokine gene expression through activation of proinflammatory transcription factors including NF-kB, AP-1, and STAT1/2.
“Infection of human airway epithelial cells with respiratory viruses induces rapid cytokine and chemokine gene expression through activation of several proinflammatory transcription factors. These include NF-κB, AP-1, and STAT1/2 (123, 181).”
From The airway epithelium: soldier in the fight against respiratory viruses (2011) · cites this paper as [181]

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Authors: Message, S. D., & Johnston, S. L.
Affiliations: Imperial College London (GB)
ORCID: Johnston, Sebastian L
Venue: Journal of Leukocyte Biology
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published: 2003-09-12
Volume: 75
Issue: 1
Pages: 5-17
ISSN: 0741-5400 (ISSN-L)
1938-3673
DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0703315
PMC: PMC7167170
OpenAlex: W2084684444
Cited by: 159
References: 176
Citations by year: 2026: 1 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 2
FWCI: 1.37
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: academic.oup.com/pages/standard-publication-reuse-rights (vor)
Locations: Journal of Leukocyte Biology (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Medical Research Council
British Lung Foundation Programme
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Asthma and respiratory diseases
Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Respiratory viral infections research
Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › interferon and immune responses
Keywords: airway epithelium, host defense, respiratory viruses, rhinovirus, asthma exacerbations, COPD exacerbations, innate immunity, type I interferon, nitric oxide, cytokines and chemokines, immunopathogenesis, epithelial cells, airway inflammation
MeSH terms: Adult, Asthma, Child, Humans, Infant, Reference Values, Respiratory Tract Diseases, Virus Diseases, Cytokines, Chemokines, Respiratory Mucosa

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Host defense function of the airway epithelium in health and disease: clinical background

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