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Excess mortality of schizophrenia: A meta-analysis
Abstract
BACKGROUND: This paper presents a structured review of the published information on the mortality of schizophrenia. METHOD: A meta-analysis of the literature. RESULTS: Schizophrenia has a significantly increased mortality from natural and unnatural causes. Twenty-eight percent of the excess mortality is attributable to suicide and 12% to accidents. The rest of the excess mortality is from the same broad range of conditions which cause deaths in the general population. Further interpretation is hampered by confounding variables, wide confidence intervals and reservations about generalising from individual cohorts. CONCLUSIONS: The available evidence suggests that schizophrenia is associated with a large increased mortality from suicide and a moderate increased mortality from natural causes. A number of possible interventions have been identified, but we do not yet have reliable means of detecting any changes in mortality which might result.
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“The SMR in persons with schizophrenia was found to be 1.51, i.e., the mortality rate was on average 51% higher than that of the general population.”
From Excess early mortality in schizophrenia. (2014) · cites this paper as Brown 1997
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“we noted period effects suggestive of a widening mortality gap, insofar as a greater relative all-cause mortality risk was observed for the decade of follow-up for this cohort than that reported for earlier de- cades.4,9,12,35,36”
From Mortality in Schizophrenia and Other Psychoses: A 10-Year Follow-up of the ӔSOP First-Episode Cohort (2015) · cites this paper as [35]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Brown, S.
- Affiliations
- Royal South Hants Hospital (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Brown, Steve
- Venue
- British Journal of Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Royal College of Psychiatrists
- Published
- 1997-12
- Volume
- 171
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 502-508
- ISSN
- 0007-1250 (ISSN-L)
- 1472-1465
- OpenAlex
- W2144334285
- Cited by
- 869
- References
- 54
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 30 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 33 · 2017: 38 · 2016: 37 · 2015: 42 · 2014: 39 · 2013: 45 · 2012: 37
- FWCI
- 2.56
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The British Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- ePrints Soton (University of Southampton) (acceptedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Suicide and Self-Harm Studies
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Mental Health and Psychiatry
- Keywords
- schizophrenia, excess mortality, suicide, accidental death, natural death, mortality risk factors, confounding variables
- MeSH terms
- Accidents, Cause of Death, Follow-Up Studies, Homicide, Humans, Schizophrenia, Sex Factors, Suicide
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