The DOI matches its Crossref record; 53 of the 54 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Excess mortality of schizophrenia: A meta-analysis
Abstract
BACKGROUND: This paper presents a structured review of the published information on the mortality of schizophrenia. METHOD: A meta-analysis of the literature. RESULTS: Schizophrenia has a significantly increased mortality from natural and unnatural causes. Twenty-eight percent of the excess mortality is attributable to suicide and 12% to accidents. The rest of the excess mortality is from the same broad range of conditions which cause deaths in the general population. Further interpretation is hampered by confounding variables, wide confidence intervals and reservations about generalising from individual cohorts. CONCLUSIONS: The available evidence suggests that schizophrenia is associated with a large increased mortality from suicide and a moderate increased mortality from natural causes. A number of possible interventions have been identified, but we do not yet have reliable means of detecting any changes in mortality which might result.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“The SMR in persons with schizophrenia was found to be 1.51, i.e., the mortality rate was on average 51% higher than that of the general population.”
From Excess early mortality in schizophrenia. (2014) · cites this paper as Brown 1997
In the citing paper
“we noted period effects suggestive of a widening mortality gap, insofar as a greater relative all-cause mortality risk was observed for the decade of follow-up for this cohort than that reported for earlier de- cades.4,9,12,35,36”
From Mortality in Schizophrenia and Other Psychoses: A 10-Year Follow-up of the ӔSOP First-Episode Cohort (2015) · cites this paper as [35]
Citations
Cites
Dementia Praecox or the Group of Schizophrenias
(1951) · Journal of the American Medical Association · doi:10.1001/jama.1951.02920270079043 · Cited by 4,407
Dementia Praecox and Paraphrenia.
(1972) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-76-6-1058_8 · Cited by 2,907
Measuring the Quality of Medical Care
Rutstein, D. D., Berenberg, W., Chalmers, T. C., Child, C. G., Fishman, A. P., Perrin, E. B., Feldman, J. J., Leaverton, P. E., Lane, J. M., Sencer, D. J., et al. (1976) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm197603112941104 · Cited by 1,004
Meta-analysis of the literature or of individual patient data: is there a difference?
Stewart, L. A., & Parmar, M. (1993) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/0140-6736(93)93004-k · Cited by 774
Prediction of Suicide in Psychiatric Patients
Pokorny, A. D. (1983) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1983.01790030019002 · Cited by 749
Schizophrenics Kill Themselves Too: A Review of Risk Factors for Suicide
Caldwell, C. B., & Gottesman, I. I. (1990) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/16.4.571 · Cited by 511
Meta-analysis: State-of-the-Science
Dickersin, K., & Berlin, J. A. (1992) · Epidemiologic Reviews · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.epirev.a036084 · Cited by 495
Mortality and Causes of Death in First Admitted Schizophrenic Patients
Mortensen, P. B., & Juel, K. (1993) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.163.2.183 · Cited by 412
Graunt, J. (1977) · Biomathematics · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-81046-6_2 · Cited by 396
Mortality in a Cohort of Patients with Schizophrenia: A Record Linkage Study*
Newman, S. C., & Bland, R. C. (1991) · The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/070674379103600401 · Cited by 372
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 54 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Dupont, 1986, Psychiatric Case Registers in Public Health
- 1995, 1993 Mortality Statistics. Cause
Cited by
Sorted by citations
DE HERT, M., CORRELL, C. U., BOBES, J., CETKOVICH‐BAKMAS, M., COHEN, D., ASAI, I., DETRAUX, J., GAUTAM, S., MÖLLER, H., NDETEI, D. M., et al. (2011) · World Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/j.2051-5545.2011.tb00014.x · Cited by 2,488
Schizophrenia: A Concise Overview of Incidence, Prevalence, and Mortality
McGrath, J., Saha, S., Chant, D., & Welham, J. (2008) · Epidemiologic Reviews · doi:10.1093/epirev/mxn001 · Cited by 2,280
Saha, S., Chant, D., & McGrath, J. (2007) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.64.10.1123 · Cited by 2,065
The neuropathology of schizophrenia
Harrison, P. J. (1999) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/122.4.593 · Cited by 1,677
Second-Generation (Atypical) Antipsychotics and Metabolic Effects
Newcomer, J. W. (2005) · CNS Drugs · doi:10.2165/00023210-200519001-00001 · Cited by 1,352
Metadata
- Authors
- Brown, S.
- Affiliations
- Royal South Hants Hospital (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Brown, Steve
- Venue
- British Journal of Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Royal College of Psychiatrists
- Published
- 1997-12
- Volume
- 171
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 502-508
- ISSN
- 0007-1250 (ISSN-L)
- 1472-1465
- OpenAlex
- W2144334285
- Cited by
- 869
- References
- 54
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 30 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 33 · 2017: 38 · 2016: 37 · 2015: 42 · 2014: 39 · 2013: 45 · 2012: 37
- FWCI
- 2.56
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The British Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- ePrints Soton (University of Southampton) (acceptedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Suicide and Self-Harm Studies
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Mental Health and Psychiatry
- Keywords
- schizophrenia, excess mortality, suicide, accidental death, natural death, mortality risk factors, confounding variables
- MeSH terms
- Accidents, Cause of Death, Follow-Up Studies, Homicide, Humans, Schizophrenia, Sex Factors, Suicide
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
