Schizophrenia: A Concise Overview of Incidence, Prevalence, and Mortality
Abstract
Recent systematic reviews have encouraged the psychiatric research community to reevaluate the contours of schizophrenia epidemiology. This paper provides a concise overview of three related systematic reviews on the incidence, prevalence, and mortality associated with schizophrenia. The reviews shared key methodological features regarding search strategies, analysis of the distribution of the frequency estimates, and exploration of the influence of key variables (sex, migrant status, urbanicity, secular trend, economic status, and latitude). Contrary to previous interpretations, the incidence of schizophrenia shows prominent variation between sites. The median incidence of schizophrenia was 15.2/100,000 persons, and the central 80% of estimates varied over a fivefold range (7.7-43.0/100,000). The rate ratio for males:females was 1.4:1. Prevalence estimates also show prominent variation. The median lifetime morbid risk for schizophrenia was 7.2/1,000 persons. On the basis of the standardized mortality ratio, people with schizophrenia have a two- to threefold increased risk of dying (median standardized mortality ratio = 2.6 for all-cause mortality), and this differential gap in mortality has increased over recent decades. Compared with native-born individuals, migrants have an increased incidence and prevalence of schizophrenia. Exposures related to urbanicity, economic status, and latitude are also associated with various frequency measures. In conclusion, the epidemiology of schizophrenia is characterized by prominent variability and gradients that can help guide future research.
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Schizophrenia occurs worldwide.
“schizophrenia occurs worldwide (McGrath et al. 2008).”
From Excess early mortality in schizophrenia. (2014) · cites this paper as McGrath et al. 2008
Schizophrenia has a lifetime risk of about 0.7% and heritability of 60-80% despite reduced reproductive fecundity.
“Schizophrenia is a psychiatric disorder with a lifetime risk of about 0.7%1 and a heritability of 60–80%2,3 despite greatly reduced reproductive fecundity4,5.”
From Increased burden of ultra-rare protein-altering variants among 4,877 individuals with schizophrenia (2016) · cites this paper as [1]
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- Authors
- McGrath, J., Saha, S., Chant, D., & Welham, J.
- Affiliations
- The University of Queensland (AU)
- Park Centre for Mental Health (AU)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Epidemiologic Reviews
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2008-05-14
- Volume
- 30
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 67-76
- ISSN
- 0193-936X (ISSN-L)
- 1478-6729
- OpenAlex
- W2105527159
- Semantic Scholar
- 76ef8b1739dce5b548a12d9a7d8a686f6f5eaeb6
- Cited by
- 2,280
- References
- 85
- Citations by year
- 2026: 89 · 2025: 139 · 2024: 168 · 2023: 150 · 2022: 193 · 2021: 181 · 2020: 157 · 2019: 185 · 2018: 161 · 2017: 157 · 2016: 140 · 2015: 150 · 2014: 92 · 2013: 96 · 2012: 84
- FWCI
- 5.85
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Epidemiologic Reviews (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
- Griffith Research Online (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Stanley Medical Research Institute
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Mental Health and Psychiatry
- Keywords
- schizophrenia, incidence, prevalence, mortality, standardized mortality ratio, sex differences, migrant status, urbanicity, economic status, latitude, secular trends, regional variation
- MeSH terms
- Humans, Risk Factors, Schizophrenia, Incidence, Prevalence
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