Maternal neglect: oxytocin, dopamine and the neurobiology of attachment
Open accessAbstract
Maternal neglect, including physical and emotional neglect, is a pervasive public health challenge with serious long‐term effects on child health and development. I provide an overview of the neurobiological basis of maternal caregiving, aiming to better understand how to prevent and respond to maternal neglect. Drawing from both animal and human studies, key biological systems are identified that contribute to maternal caregiving behaviour, focusing on the oxytocinergic and dopaminergic systems. Mesocorticolimbic and nigrostriatal dopamine pathways contribute to the processing of infant‐related sensory cues leading to a behavioural response. Oxytocin may activate the dopaminergic reward pathways in response to social cues. Human neuroimaging studies are summarised that demonstrate parallels between animal and human maternal caregiving responses in the brain. By comparing different patterns of human adult attachment, we gain a clearer understanding of how differences in maternal brain and endocrine responses may contribute to maternal neglect. For example, in insecure/dismissing attachment, which may be associated with emotional neglect, we see reduced activation of the mesocorticolimbic dopamine reward system in response to infant face cues, as well as decreased peripheral oxytocin response to mother–infant contact. We are currently testing whether the administration of intranasal oxytocin, as part of a randomised placebo controlled trial, may reverse some of these neurological differences, and potentially augment psychosocial and behavioural interventions for maternal neglect.
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For the fetus before birth, oxytocin is released into fetal circulation from the fetal brain (via the posterior pituitary gland) bringing about multiple physiological benefits.
“For the fetus before birth, oxytocin is released into fetal circulation from the fetal brain (via the posterior pituitary gland) bringing about multiple physiological benefits (Strathearn, 2011).”
From The evolved nest, oxytocin functioning, and prosocial development (2023) · cites this paper as Strathearn, 2011
The “Oxytocinergic System” section describes oxytocin being synthesized in the hypothalamus and released into the bloodstream via the posterior pituitary. It does not identify this as release from the fetal brain into fetal circulation before birth, or describe physiological benefits for the fetus. The peripheral effects it names are uterine contraction at childbirth and milk ejection during lactation; no page number is available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.86)
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Early skin-to-skin contact for mothers and their healthy newborn infants
Moore, E. R., Bergman, N., Anderson, G. C., & Medley, N. (2016) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd003519.pub4 · Cited by 1,797 · see citing works
The Neurobiology of Human Attachments
Feldman, R. (2017) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2016.11.007 · Cited by 839 · see citing works
Future Directions in Childhood Adversity and Youth Psychopathology
McLaughlin, K. A. (2016) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1080/15374416.2015.1110823 · Cited by 576 · see citing works
“Alternatively, given the central role of the mesolimbic dopamine system in attachment-related behavior (Strathearn, 2011), the absence or unpredictability of an attachment figure in early development may reduce opportunities for learning about the rewarding nature of affiliative interactions and social bonds; the abse…”
BackgroundLong-term Cognitive, Psychological, and Health Outcomes Associated With Child Abuse and Neglect
Strathearn, L., Giannotti, M., Mills, R., Kisely, S., Najman, J., & Abajobir, A. (2020) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.2020-0438 · Cited by 401 · see citing works
Self-citationSubstance use during pregnancy
Forray, A. (2016) · F1000Research · doi:10.12688/f1000research.7645.1 · Cited by 316 · see citing works
Parents’ Self-Reported Attachment Styles
Jones, J. D., Cassidy, J. A., & Shaver, P. R. (2014) · Personality and Social Psychology Review · doi:10.1177/1088868314541858 · Cited by 304 · see citing works
The maternal brain and its plasticity in humans
Kim, P., Strathearn, L., & Swain, J. E. (2016) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2015.08.001 · Cited by 278 · see citing works
Self-citationChild maltreatment and adolescent mental health problems in a large birth cohort
Mills, R. J., Scott, J. G., Alati, R., O'Callaghan, M. J., Najman, J. M., & Strathearn, L. (2013) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2012.11.008 · Cited by 244 · see citing works
Self-citationAtzil, S., Hendler, T., Zagoory-Sharon, O., Winetraub, Y., & Feldman, R. (2012) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2012.06.008 · Cited by 225 · see citing works
Child maltreatment and mental health problems in adulthood: birth cohort study
Kisely, S., Abajobir, A. A., Mills, R., Strathearn, L., Clavarino, A., & Najman, J. M. (2018) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.2018.207 · Cited by 210 · see citing works
Self-citationSuchman, N. E., DeCoste, C. L., McMahon, T. J., Dalton, R., Mayes, L. C., & Borelli, J. (2017) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579417000220 · Cited by 228 · see citing works
Luyten, P., Campbell, C., & Fonagy, P. (2020) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/jopy.12483 · Cited by 181 · see citing works
Wigton, R., Radua, J., Allen, P., Averbeck, B., Meyer-Lindenberg, A., McGuire, P., Shergill, S. S., & Fusar-Poli, P. (2015) · Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience · doi:10.1503/jpn.130289 · Cited by 179 · see citing works
Intranasal administration of oxytocin: behavioral and clinical effects, a review
Veening, J. G., & Olivier, B. (2013) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2013.04.012 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
Birth practices: Maternal‐neonate separation as a source of toxic stress
Bergman, N. (2019) · Birth Defects Research · doi:10.1002/bdr2.1530 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
Attachment, Neurobiology, and Mentalizing along the Psychosis Continuum
Debbané, M., Salaminios, G., Luyten, P., Badoud, D., Armando, M., Solida-Tozzi, A., Fonagy, P., & Brent, B. K. (2016) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2016.00406 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Dimensions in major depressive disorder and their relevance for treatment outcome
Vrieze, E., Demyttenaere, K., Bruffaerts, R., Hermans, D., Pizzagalli, D. A., Sienaert, P., Hompes, T., de Boer, P., Schmidt, M., & Claes, S. (2014) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2013.10.020 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Current challenges to research on animal-assisted interventions
Serpell, J. A., McCune, S., Gee, N. R., & Griffin, J. A. (2017) · Applied Developmental Science · doi:10.1080/10888691.2016.1262775 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Luyten, P., & Fonagy, P. (2017) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2017.09.008 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Harari-Dahan, O., & Bernstein, A. (2014) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.10.007 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Intranasal oxytocin increases covert attention to positive social cues
Domes, G., Sibold, M., Schulze, L., Lischke, A., Herpertz, S. C., & Heinrichs, M. (2013) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291712002565 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Naughton, A., Maguire, S., Mann, M. K., Lumb, R. C., Tempest, V., Gracias, S., & Kemp, A. (2013) · Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine · doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2013.192 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Roles of Oxytocin Neurones in the Control of Stress, Energy Metabolism, and Social Behaviour
Onaka, T., Takayanagi, Y., & Yoshida, M. (2012) · Journal of Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2826.2012.02300.x · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Bethlehem, R. A. I., Baron-Cohen, S., van Honk, J., Auyeung, B., & Bos, P. A. (2014) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00048 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Oxytocin and postpartum depression: Delivering on what's known and what's not
Kim, S., Soeken, T. A., CROMER, S. J., Martinez, S. R., Hardy, L. R., & Strathearn, L. (2013) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2013.11.009 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Self-citationOxytocin pathways in the intergenerational transmission of maternal early life stress
Töpfer, P., Heim, C. C., Entringer, S., Binder, E. B., Wadhwa, P. D., & Buß, C. (2016) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.12.026 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Jonas, W., Mileva‐Seitz, V. R., Girard, A. W., Bisceglia, R., Kennedy, J. L., Sokolowski, M. B., Meaney, M. J., Fleming, A. S., & Steiner, M. S. (2013) · Genes Brain & Behavior · doi:10.1111/gbb.12069 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Systematic Review of Skin-to-Skin Care for Full-Term, Healthy Newborns
Cleveland, L. M., Hill, C. M., Pulse, W. S., DiCioccio, H. C., Field, T. M., & White‐Traut, R. C. (2017) · Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic & Neonatal Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.jogn.2017.08.005 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Struck, N., Krug, A., Feldmann, M., Yüksel, D., Stein, F., Schmitt, S., Meller, T., Brosch, K., Dannlowski, U., Meinert, S. L., et al. (2020) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2020.04.041 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Buckels, E. E., Beall, A. T., Hofer, M. K., Lin, E. Y., Zhou, Z., & Schaller, M. (2015) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/pspp0000023 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Maternal oxytocin response predicts mother-to-infant gaze
Kim, S., Fonagy, P., Koos, O., Dorsett, K., & Strathearn, L. (2014) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2013.10.050 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Self-citationThe role of brain reward pathways in stress resilience and health
Dutcher, J. M., & Creswell, J. D. (2018) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.10.014 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Long-term alterations in neural and endocrine processes induced by motherhood in mammals
Bridges, R. S. (2016) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2015.09.001 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Kroll‐Desrosiers, A., Nephew, B. C., Babb, J. A., Guilarte-Walker, Y., Simas, T. A. M., & Deligiannidis, K. M. (2017) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.22599 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Posttraumatic stress disorder: a social-cognitive perspective.
Sharp, C., Fonagy, P., & Allen, J. G. (2012) · Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice · doi:10.1111/cpsp.12002 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Sharp, C., Kim, S., Herman, L. I., Pane, H. M., Reuter, T. R., & Strathearn, L. (2014) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0036191 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Self-citationChild Neglect: Challenges and Controversies
Proctor, L. J., & Dubowitz, H. (2013) · Child maltreatment · doi:10.1007/978-94-007-7208-3_2 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Antiaggressive activity of central oxytocin in male rats
Calcagnoli, F., de Boer, S. F., Althaus, M., den Boer, J. A., & Koolhaas, J. M. (2013) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-013-3124-7 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Müller, L. E., Bertsch, K., Bülau, K., Herpertz, S. C., & Buchheim, A. (2018) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2018.05.011 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Rocchetti, M., Radua, J., Paloyelis, Y., Xenaki, L., Frascarelli, M., Caverzasi, E., Politi, P., & Fusar‐Poli, P. (2014) · Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences · doi:10.1111/pcn.12185 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Gribble, K. D., Marinelli, K. A., Tomori, C., & Gross, M. S. (2020) · Journal of Human Lactation · doi:10.1177/0890334420949514 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Herpers, P. C. M., Scheepers, F. E., Bons, D. M. A., Buitelaar, J. K., & Rommelse, N. N. J. (2013) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579413000527 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Neural systems and hormones mediating attraction to infant and child faces
Luo, L. (2015) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00970 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Fernández, I. O., Gabriel, M. Á. M., Gil-Sánchez, A., García‐Segura, L. M., & Arévalo, M. (2014) · Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2014.03.007 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Silva, M. H. (2020) · Birth Defects Research · doi:10.1002/bdr2.1661 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
The neurobiological effects of childhood maltreatment on brain structure, function, and attachment
Tomoda, A., Nishitani, S., Takiguchi, S., Fujisawa, T. X., Sugiyama, T., & Teicher, M. H. (2024) · European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s00406-024-01779-y · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Psychobiology of Attachment and Trauma—Some General Remarks From a Clinical Perspective
Lahousen, T., Unterrainer, ., & Kapfhammer, H. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00914 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Maternal oxytocin response during mother–infant interaction: Associations with adult temperament
Strathearn, L., Iyengar, U., Fonagy, P., & Kim, S. (2012) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2012.01.014 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Self-citationOxytocin increases VTA activation to infant and sexual stimuli in nulliparous and postpartum women
Gregory, R., Cheng, H., Rupp, H. A., Sengelaub, D. R., & Heiman, J. R. (2015) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2014.12.009 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Pathways Relating the Neurobiology of Attachment to Drug Addiction
Strathearn, L., Mertens, C. E., Mayes, L. C., Rutherford, H. J. V., Rajhans, P., Xu, G., Potenza, M. N., & Kim, S. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00737 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Self-citationAttachment Theory and Maternal Drug Addiction: The Contribution to Parenting Interventions
Parolin, M., & Simonelli, A. (2016) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2016.00152 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Eat, sleep, repeat – endocrine regulation of behavioural circadian rhythms
Koop, S., & Oster, H. (2021) · FEBS Journal · doi:10.1111/febs.16109 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Pereira, M., & Ferreira, A. (2015) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2015.08.005 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Young, K. S., Parsons, C. E., Stein, A. L., Vuust, P., Craske, M. G., & Kringelbach, M. L. (2016) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2016.09.012 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Alvarez-Monjarás, M., Mayes, L. C., Potenza, M. N., & Rutherford, H. J. V. (2018) · Attachment & Human Development · doi:10.1080/14616734.2018.1498113 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Li, Y., Long, Z., Cao, D., & Cao, F. (2016) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2016.12.001 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Suchman, N. E., DeCoste, C. L., Borelli, J. L., & McMahon, T. J. (2017) · Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment · doi:10.1016/j.jsat.2017.11.006 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Gumley, A. I., Schwannauer, M., Macbeth, A., Fisher, R., Clark, S., Rattrie, L., Fraser, G., McCabe, R., Blair, A., Davidson, K., et al. (2014) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.113.126722 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Reward: From Basic Reinforcers to Anticipation of Social Cues
Rademacher, L., Schulte‐Rüther, M., Hanewald, B., & Lammertz, S. E. (2015) · Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · doi:10.1007/7854_2015_429 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
The Neurobiology of Attachment: From Infancy to Clinical Outcomes
Chambers, J. E. (2017) · Psychodynamic Psychiatry · doi:10.1521/pdps.2017.45.4.542 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
The face of trust: The effect of robot face ratio on consumer preference
Song, Y., & Luximon, Y. (2020) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2020.106620 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
The Unholy Trinity: Childhood Trauma, Adulthood Anxiety, and Long-Term Pain
Kaščáková, N., Fürstová, J., Hašto, J., Gecková, A. M., & Tavel, P. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17020414 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Child maltreatment and mental health problems in 30-year-old adults: A birth cohort study
Kisely, S. R., Strathearn, L., & Najman, J. M. (2020) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.06.009 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Self-citationSniff and mimic–Intranasal oxytocin increases facial mimicry in a sample of men
Korb, S., Malsert, J., Strathearn, L., Vuilleumier, P., & Niedenthal, P. (2016) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2016.06.003 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Self-citationSairenji, T. J., Ikezawa, J., Kaneko, R., Masuda, S., Uchida, K., Takanashi, Y., Masuda, H., Sairenji, T., Amano, I., Takatsuru, Y., et al. (2017) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1621196114 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Bosk, E. A., Paris, R., Hanson, K. E., Ruisard, D., & Suchman, N. E. (2019) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2019.03.040 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Mothers' amygdala response to positive or negative infant affect is modulated by personal relevance
Strathearn, L., & Kim, S. (2013) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2013.00176 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Self-citationBergman, N., Ludwig, R. J., Westrup, B., & Welch, M. G. (2019) · Birth Defects Research · doi:10.1002/bdr2.1529 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Inflammation-Related Disorders in the Tryptophan Catabolite Pathway in Depression and Somatization
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Kisely, S., Mills, R., Strathearn, L., & Najman, J. M. (2020) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/add.14794 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Self-citationThe mind in the making: Developmental and neurobiological origins of mentalizing.
Kim, S. (2015) · Personality Disorders Theory Research and Treatment · doi:10.1037/per0000102 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Krause, S., Boeck, C., Gumpp, A. M., Rottler, E., Schury, K., Karabatsiakis, A., Buchheim, A., Gündel, H., Kolassa, I., & Waller, C. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00173 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Maternal care boosted by paternal imprinting in mammals
Creeth, H., McNamara, G. I., Tunster, S. J., Boqué-Sastre, R., Allen, B., Sumption, L. A., Eddy, J. B., Isles, A. R., & John, R. M. (2018) · PLoS Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.2006599 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Oxytocin Induces a Conditioned Social Preference in Female Mice
Kent, K., Arientyl, V., Khachatryan, M. M., & Wood, R. I. (2013) · Journal of Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1111/jne.12075 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
The role of oxytocin in mothers’ theory of mind and interactive behavior during the perinatal period
MacKinnon, A. L., Gold, I., Feeley, N., Hayton, B., Carter, C. S., & Zelkowitz, P. (2014) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2014.06.003 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
An integrated biopsychosocial model of childhood maltreatment and psychosis
Barker, V., Gumley, A. I., Schwannauer, M., & Lawrie, S. M. (2015) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.113.143578 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Oxytocin and Maternal Brain Plasticity
Kim, S., & Strathearn, L. (2016) · New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development · doi:10.1002/cad.20170 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Self-citationOxytocin promotes face-sensitive neural responses to infant and adult faces in mothers
Peltola, M. J., Strathearn, L., & Puura, K. (2018) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.02.012 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Self-citationChildhood maltreatment, postnatal distress and the protective role of social support
Schury, K., Zimmermann, J., Umlauft, M., Hulbert, A.-L., Guendel, H. O., Ziegenhain, U., & Kolassa, I. (2017) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2017.02.021 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Talmon, A., Horovitz, M., Shabat, N., Haramati, O. S., & Ginzburg, K. (2019) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2018.12.021 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Optimizing parent-infant sleep from birth to 6 months: a new paradigm
Whittingham, K., & Douglas, P. (2014) · Infant Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1002/imhj.21455 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Neural pathways of maternal responding: systematic review and meta-analysis
Paul, S., Austin, J., Elliott, R., Ellison-Wright, I., Wan, M. W., Drake, R., Downey, D., Elmadih, A., Mukherjee, I., Heaney, L., et al. (2018) · Archives of Women s Mental Health · doi:10.1007/s00737-018-0878-2 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Krause, S., Pokorny, D., Schury, K., Doyen-Waldecker, C., Hulbert, A., Karabatsiakis, A., Kolassa, I., Gündel, H., Waller, C., & Buchheim, A. (2016) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2016.00627 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Child Maltreatment and Persistent Smoking From Adolescence Into Adulthood: A Birth Cohort Study
Kisely, S. R., Abajobir, A. A., Mills, R. J., Strathearn, L., Clavarino, A. M., GARTNER, C. E., & Najman, J. M. (2019) · Nicotine & Tobacco Research · doi:10.1093/ntr/ntz039 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Self-citationThe parental brain: Transformations and adaptations
Lambert, K. G. (2012) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2012.03.018 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Wert, M. V., Mishna, F., & Malti, T. (2016) · Aggression and Violent Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.avb.2016.05.005 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
A Mentalization-Based Treatment Approach to Disturbances of Social Understanding in Schizophrenia
Brent, B. K., & Fonagy, P. (2014) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-405172-0.00015-6 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Shepard, R. D., Gouty, S., Kassis, H., Berenji, A., Zhu, W. Y., Cox, B. M., & Nugent, F. S. (2018) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2018.08.002 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Unresolved trauma and reorganization in mothers: Attachment and neuroscience perspectives
Iyengar, U., Rajhans, P., Fonagy, P., Strathearn, L., & Kim, S. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00110 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Self-citationFrazier, A., Ferreira, P. A., & Gonzales, J. E. (2019) · Personality Neuroscience · doi:10.1017/pen.2019.7 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Neurophysiological Mechanisms of Cow–Calf Bonding in Buffalo and Other Farm Animals
Orihuela, A., Mota‐Rojas, D., Strappini, A., Serrapica, F., Braghieri, A., Mora‐Medina, P., & Napolitano, F. (2021) · Animals · doi:10.3390/ani11071968 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
A neurobiological model for cry-fuss problems in the first three to four months of life
Douglas, P., & Hill, P. (2013) · Medical Hypotheses · doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2013.09.004 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Theory of mind as a link between oxytocin and maternal behavior
MacKinnon, A., Carter, C. S., Feeley, N., Gold, I., Hayton, B. C., Santhakumaran, S., & Zelkowitz, P. (2018) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.03.018 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
The association of depression with child abuse among Indonesian adolescents
Dhamayanti, M., Noviandhari, A., Masdiani, N., Pandia, V., & Sekarwana, N. (2020) · BMC Pediatrics · doi:10.1186/s12887-020-02218-2 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
The neurochemistry of social reward during development: What have we learned from rodent models?
Manduca, A., Carbone, E., Schiavi, S., Cacchione, C., Buzzelli, V., Campolongo, P., & Trezza, V. (2021) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/jnc.15321 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Effect of oxytocin receptor blockade on appetite for sugar is modified by social context
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Oxytocin administration modulates rats’ helping behavior depending on social context
Yamagishi, A., Okada, M., Masuda, M., & Sato, N. (2020) · Neuroscience Research · doi:10.1016/j.neures.2019.04.001 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Interactions of Oxytocin and Dopamine—Effects on Behavior in Health and Disease
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Gumley, A. I., Braehler, C., & MacBeth, A. M. (2014) · British Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjc.12041 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
RetractedSocial-learning parenting intervention research in the era of translational neuroscience
Fisher, P. A., & Skowron, E. A. (2017) · Current Opinion in Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2017.02.017 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
- Authors
- Strathearn, L.
- Affiliations
- Baylor College of Medicine (US)
- Corresponding author
- Strathearn, L.
- ORCID
- Strathearn, L.
- Venue
- Journal of Neuroendocrinology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2011-10-18
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1054-1065
- ISSN
- 0953-8194 (ISSN-L)
- 1365-2826
- PMC
- PMC3319675
- OpenAlex
- W1586996126
- Cited by
- 268
- References
- 105
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 24 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 23 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 29 · 2015: 21 · 2014: 20 · 2013: 19 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 2.02
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of Neuroendocrinology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01DA026437, P01DA022446, P0 DA022446)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01HD065819)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Attachment and Relationship Dynamics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
- Keywords
- maternal neglect, maternal care, oxytocin, dopamine, attachment, nigrostriatal dopamine pathway, emotional neglect, infant face processing, mother-infant contact, intranasal oxytocin
- MeSH terms
- Child, Child Abuse, Dopamine, Humans, Mothers, Oxytocin
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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