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Effects of treating postnatal depression on mother-infant interaction and child development: Systematic review
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Background: Postnatal depression has detrimental effects on the child's cognitive and emotional development. Aims: To assess the benefits of treating postnatal depression for mother–infant interaction and child development. Method: A systematic search was made of 12 electronic bibliographic databases for randomised controlled trials and controlled clinical trials on treatment of mothers with postnatal depression, where outcomes were assessed in children; findings were assessed. Results: Only eighttrials met the inclusion criteria. Of those included, interventions varied widely but all involved therapies directed at the mother–infant relationship. One study with intensive and prolonged therapy showed cognitive improvement, whereas two others with briefer interventions improved maternal–infant relationships but did not affect the child's cognitive or behavioural development. All five studies assessing only mother–infant relationships showed improvements. Conclusions: Cognitive development in children of depressed mothers, along with better mother–infant relationships, might be improved with sustained interventions. Trials assessing treatments for postnatal depression would benefit from looking more closely at benefits for children as well as mothers, using validated objective measures.
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“Nevertheless, most current PPD treatments treat mothers in isolation, concentrating only on maternal outcomes and neglecting the mother-infant relationship (Nylen et al. 2006; Poobalan et al. 2007).”
From Perinatal Dyadic Psychotherapy for postpartum depression: a randomized controlled pilot trial (2015) · cites this paper as Poobalan et al. 2007
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“In addition, a narrative review of the effects of preventive interventions for postnatally depressed mothers has shown significant positive effects on the mother–child relationship and, to a lesser extent, on cognitive development (Poobalan et al., 2007).”
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Impairment of Mother-Infant Relationship
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“Poobalan et al. (2007) have conducted a systematic review on the effects of treating postnatal depression on mother-infant relationship and child development.”
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“…PND, which assessed maternal mood and mother–infant outcomes and/or child developmental outcomes, it was noted that few studies had assessed child-related outcomes and there were discrepancies in maternal and child outcomes (Poobalan et al., 2007; Tsivos, Calam, Sanders, & Wittkowski, in press).”
ResultPrevalence of postpartum depression regarding mode of delivery: a cross-sectional study
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“…of maternal symptoms of anxiety and depression alone will not necessarily help the parent–child relationship (Milgrom et al. 2004; Murray et al. 2002; Poobalan et al. 2007), more holistic interventions that provide both symptom relief and also address relationship difficulties are indicated.”
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“Earlier research on interventions targeting only the depressed parents has shown that such methods might fail to bring about changes in the parent–child relationship or in child development [17,114,115].”
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“Thus this difficulty can potentially impact two generations and represents a significant public health concern (SIGN, 2002; NICE, 2007; Poobalan et al., 2007).”
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BackgroundDelivery mode and the course of pre- and postpartum depression
Rauh, C., Beetz, A., Burger, P. H. M., Engel, A., Häberle, L., Fasching, P. A., Kornhuber, J., Beckmann, M. W., Goecke, T. W., & Faschingbauer, F. (2012) · Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics · doi:10.1007/s00404-012-2470-8 · Cited by 50
“important, as severe PPD can interfere with mother–infant interactions and may influence the child’s development [19–21].”
BackgroundThe APrON Team, Letourneau, N. L., Leung, B. M. Y., Ntanda, H. N., Dewey, D., Deane, A. J., & Giesbrecht, G. F. (2019) · BMC Pediatrics · doi:10.1186/s12887-019-1775-1 · Cited by 59
Clinical profile and outcomes of women admitted to a psychiatric mother-baby unit
Christl, B., Reilly, N. M., Yin, C., & Austin, M. (2015) · Archives of Women s Mental Health · doi:10.1007/s00737-014-0492-x · Cited by 46
Powell-Jackson, T., Pereira, S. K., Dutt, V., Tougher, S., Haldar, K., & Kumar, P. (2016) · Social Science & Medicine (1967) · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2016.06.034 · Cited by 51
“Maternal depression is an important public health concern not only because of its high prevalence (Chandran et al., 2002; Patel et al., 2002) and impact on mothers but also because of the implications for the child (Poobalan et al., 2007).”
BackgroundAssociations of Psychosocial Factors with Maternal Confidence Among Japanese and Vietnamese Mothers
Goto, A., Nguyen, Q. V., Nguyen, T. T. V., Pham, N. M., Chung, T. M. T., Trinh, H. P., Yabe, J., Sasaki, H., & Yasumura, S. (2009) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-009-9291-9 · Cited by 45
“There is evidence to suggest that mothers’ psychosocial and mental health have significant effects on child growth, nutritional status, and emotional development (Barlow and Coren 2004; Harpham et al. 2005; Patel et al. 2004; Poobalan et al. 2007).”
BackgroundFord, E. M., Roomi, H., Hugh, H., & van Marwijk, H. (2019) · Primary Health Care Research & Development · doi:10.1017/s1463423619000902 · Cited by 52
“…of untreated mental illnesses, it is important that common perinatal mental health problems be acknowledged early, diagnosed, if needed, as serious issues, preferably in accessible primary care settings and that appropriate support or treatment is initiated without delay (Poobalan et al., 2007).”
BackgroundPredictors of postpartum depression among rural women in Minia, Egypt: an epidemiological study
Mohammed, E. S., Mosalem, F. A., Mahfouz, E. M., & Elhameed, M. A. A. (2014) · Public Health · doi:10.1016/j.puhe.2014.06.006 · Cited by 40
Zsido, R. G., Villringer, A., & Sacher, J. (2017) · International Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/09540261.2017.1397607 · Cited by 41
“…most common medical complication of child-bearing (Sit & Wisner, 2009); and with its extremely adverse effect on maternal–infant bonding and infant development (O’Higgins, Roberts, Glover, & Taylor, 2013; Poobalan et al., 2007; Weikum, Oberlander, Hensch, & Werker, 2012), it is a critical concern.”
BackgroundMascheroni, E., & Ionio, C. (2018) · Journal of Neonatal Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.jnn.2018.09.003 · Cited by 44
Working and short-term memories are impaired in postpartum depression.
de Almeida, L. S. P., Jansen, K., Köhler, C., Pinheiro, R., da Silva, R. A., & Bonini, J. (2012) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2011.09.031 · Cited by 41
Post-Up Study: Postpartum Depression Screening in Well-Child Care and Maternal Outcomes
den Berg, A. I. V. D. Z.-V., Boere‐Boonekamp, M. M., Groothuis‐Oudshoorn, C. G. M., IJzerman, M. J., Haasnoot‐Smallegange, R. M. E., & Reijneveld, S. A. (2017) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2017-0110 · Cited by 43
A New Therapeutic Group To Help Women With Borderline Personality Disorder and Their Infants
Williams, A., Yelland, C., Hollamby, S., Wigley, M., & Aylward, P. (2018) · Journal of Psychiatric Practice · doi:10.1097/pra.0000000000000330 · Cited by 36
Matare, C. R., Mbuya, M. N. N., Pelto, G. H., Dickin, K. L., & Stoltzfus, R. J. (2015) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/cid/civ851 · Cited by 41
“Depression affects a mother’s ability to appropriately care for her child, her capacity to positively interact with the baby [26], and her ability to seek healthcare resources [27].”
BackgroundMaternal Capabilities Are Associated with Child Caregiving Behaviors Among Women in Rural Zimbabwe
Matare, C. R., Mbuya, M. N. N., Dickin, K. L., Constas, M. A., Pelto, G. H., Chasekwa, B., Humphrey, J. H., & Stoltzfus, R. J. (2020) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/nxaa255 · Cited by 39
“Depression reduces positive maternalchild interaction (16) and child health care–seeking behavior (17).”
BackgroundQouta, S., Vänskä, M., Diab, S. Y., & Punamäki, R. (2021) · Infant Behavior and Development · doi:10.1016/j.infbeh.2021.101532 · Cited by 37
Shieh, S., Chen, H., Liu, F., Liou, C., Lin, Y., Tseng, H., & Wang, R. (2010) · Journal of Clinical Nursing · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2702.2010.03382.x · Cited by 34
Salo, S., Flykt, M. S., Mäkelä, J., Biringen, Z. C., Kalland, M., Pajulo, M., & Punamäki, R. (2019) · Primary Health Care Research & Development · doi:10.1017/s1463423619000914 · Cited by 32
Barlow, J., Bennett, C., Midgley, N., Larkin, S. K., & Wei, Y. (2016) · Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology · doi:10.1080/02646838.2016.1222357 · Cited by 37
“Three other systematic reviews (Singleton, 2004; Bakermans-Kranenburg et al., 2003; Poobalan et al., 2007) produced promising results, but all of them had high levels of heterogeneity, both in terms of the nature of the intervention(s) being tested and in the design of the evaluation(s).”
InfluentialDepression treatment and maternal functioning
Logsdon, M. C., Wisner, K. L., Sit, D. K. Y., Luther, J. F., & Wisniewski, S. R. (2011) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.20892 · Cited by 32
“[44–46] In addition, the study advances the science in the area of effects of depression treatment upon overall functioning and maternal role functioning.[44]”
BackgroundFamily matters: infants, toddlers and preschoolers of parents affected by mental illness
Kowalenko, N., Mares, S. P., Newman, L. K., Williams, A., Powrie, R. M., & van Doesum, K. T. M. (2013) · The Medical Journal of Australia · doi:10.5694/mja11.11285 · Cited by 35
Adolescent Attachment Insecurity and Parasympathetic Functioning Predict Future Loss Adjustment
Fagundes, C. P., Diamond, L. M., & Allen, K. (2012) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167212437429 · Cited by 34
“One of the foundational tenets in psychology is that individuals’ capacity to cope with stressful life events develops in childhood (Bowlby, 1958, 1988; Finkelstein, Donenberg, & Martinovich, 2001; Johnson & Flake, 2007; Poobalan et al., 2007; Repetti et al., 2002; Simpson & Rholes, 1994).”
Rayce, S. B., Rasmussen, I. S., Væver, M. S., & Pontoppidan, M. (2020) · BJPsych Open · doi:10.1192/bjo.2019.89 · Cited by 37
“40,41,43 Sample sizes of the studies included in this review ranged from 42 to 190 participants, which may have limited the power to detect significant effects.”
Ethical Issues in Perinatal Mental Health
Miller, L. J. (2009) · Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.psc.2009.02.002 · Cited by 33
Yelland, C., Girke, T., Tottman, C., & Williams, A. S. (2015) · Australasian Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/1039856215590251 · Cited by 32
Perrone, L., Imrisek, S. D., Dash, A., Rodríguez, M. M. D., Beras-Monticciolo, E., & Bernard, K. (2020) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579420000310 · Cited by 29
Stamou, G., García-Palacios, A., & Botella, C. (2018) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-018-0240-5 · Cited by 28
Spieker, S. J., Oxford, M. L., Fleming, C. B., & Lohr, M. J. (2018) · Infant Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1002/imhj.21685 · Cited by 27
“…systematic reviews also have concluded that treating maternal depressive symptoms is not sufficient to improve parenting quality (Kersten-Alvarez, Hosman, RiksenWalraven, Van Doesum, & Hoefnagels 2011) and, in turn, toddler attachment security (Gunlicks & Weissman, 2008; Poobalan et al., 2007).”
BackgroundPost-partum depression: a comprehensive approach to evaluation and treatment.
Thompson, K. S., & Fox, J. E. (2010) · PubMed Central · Cited by 27
Childhood sleep: assessments, risk factors, and potential mechanisms
Liu, J., Ji, X., Rovit, E., Pitt, S., & Lipman, T. H. (2022) · World Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1007/s12519-022-00628-z · Cited by 33
Johnson, A. R., Erayil, S. E., Joachim, N., Mathew, G., Ajay, S., & Joseph, B. (2015) · Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences · doi:10.12669/pjms.312.6702 · Cited by 30
The role of formal support in the lives of children of mothers with intellectual disability
Collings, S., Grace, R., & Llewellyn, G. M. (2017) · Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities · doi:10.1111/jar.12361 · Cited by 27
“…practices (Andresen & Telleen, 1992), in early childhood health and development (Kendrick et al., 2000; Maas, Vreeswijk, & van Bakel, 2013; Poobalan et al., 2007), in health (Cohen, Gottlieb, & Underwood, 2000; Holt- Lunstad, Smith, & Layton, 2010), and as a buffer to the psychological…”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Poobalan, A. S., Aucott, L. S., Ross, L., Smith, W. C. S., Helms, P. J., & Williams, J. H. G.
- Affiliations
- University of Aberdeen (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Poobalan, Amudha S.
- Venue
- British Journal of Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Royal College of Psychiatrists
- Published
- 2007-11
- Volume
- 191
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 378-386
- ISSN
- 0007-1250 (ISSN-L)
- 1472-1465
- OpenAlex
- W2026085562
- Cited by
- 238
- References
- 27
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 23 · 2014: 21 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 12
- FWCI
- 8.58
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- The British Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Infant Development and Preterm Care
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychoanalysis and Psychopathology Research
- Keywords
- postpartum depression, mother-infant interaction, child development, child cognitive development, maternal depression treatment, mother-infant relationship, intensive treatment
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Child Development, Cognition, Female, Humans, Infant, Mother-Child Relations, Treatment Outcome, Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic, Depression, Postpartum
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