Web-based Intervention for Postpartum Depression: Formative Research and Design of the MomMoodBooster Program
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Postpartum depression is a significant public health problem affecting approximately 13% of women. There is strong evidence supporting Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) for successful psychosocial treatment. This treatment model combines cognitive and behavioral strategies to address pessimism, attributions for failure, low self-esteem, low engagement in pleasant activities, social withdrawal, anxiety, and low social support. Encouraging results have been reported for using Web-based CBT interventions for mental health domains, including the treatment of panic disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, and complicated grief and depression. To date, however, Web-based interventions have not been used and evaluated specifically for the treatment of postpartum depression. OBJECTIVE: We describe the formative work that contributed to the development of our Web-based intervention for helping to ameliorate symptoms of postpartum depression, and the design and key components of the program. METHODS: A total of 17 focus group participants and 22 usability testers, who shared key characteristics with the participants of our planned feasibility study, took part. The proposed structure and ingredients of the program and mock-ups of selected webpages were presented to focus group participants. At various points, participants were asked a series of thought questions designed to elicit opinions and set the occasion for group discussion. At the end of the session, participants were asked to describe their overall reaction to the proposed features of the program emphasizing candid opinions about what they did not like and features they thought were missing and should be added. Usability testers were asked to interact with a series of seven different Web-based interactions planned for the program while receiving minimal direction. Each tester was asked to describe her thoughts using a think-aloud technique. They were then asked to consider all that they had learned about the program and complete the System Usability Scale that we adapted slightly to be appropriate for evaluating the proposed website. Transcripts from the focus groups and usability tests were reviewed by research team members for overarching themes with particular emphasis on suggested changes. A list emerged, and iterative and incremental adjustments were made as a result. RESULTS: The qualitative and quantitative data gathered in the focus groups and usability sessions reported here suggest that the new mothers involved had largely positive reactions to the major features of the program and that those program features performed well in terms of usability. CONCLUSIONS: An overview of the eventual design, architecture, and key program ingredients of the MomMoodBooster program is provided including innovative features supplementing 6 core CBT sessions, which include a partner's website, a library, and individual feedback by a personal coach.
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Two studies found support for the feasibility and usability of Web-based interventions targeting postpartum depression.
“More recently, two studies found support for the feasibility and usability of Web-based interventions targeting PPD [26,27]”
From Mamma mia: A feasibility study of a web-based intervention to reduce the risk of postpartum depression and enhance subjective well-being (2013) · cites this paper as [26]
The Results > Usability Testing section reports that 90.9% of testers reacted positively to MomMoodBooster’s usability. But the Discussion describes these as preliminary tests of selected interactions and says a study of the completed program’s feasibility was still anticipated. This source supports usability, not a finding that the intervention was feasible. (LLM, conf=0.89)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredPerinatal women have not been frequently included in computer-based treatment research.
“perinatal women have not been frequently included.35–37”
From Pregnancy and the Acceptability of Computer-Based Versus Traditional Mental Health Treatments (2017) · cites this paper as [35]
The Discussion describes MomMoodBooster as a web-based intervention for postpartum depression, and the Methods describe recruiting postpartum women for focus groups. Neither section says how frequently perinatal women have been included in computer-based treatment research. Searches for prior studies and the frequency of their inclusion did not locate a passage addressing that claim. (LLM, conf=0.70)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
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“Stuart, O’Hara, and Gorman [7] have classified two types of psychosocial interventions for postpartum mood disorders: (1) preventive programs introduced during pregnancy or early during the puerperium, and (2) interventions designed to help ameliorate the depressive symptoms experienced by women who have already devel…”
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“CBT has been widely disseminated [17,19], extensively evaluated with different populations (adolescents, adults, the elderly), and delivered via a range of modalities (individual, group, bibliotherapy, television, the Internet).”
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“Although early attempts to use Web-delivered interventions to reduce depressive symptomatology yielded equivocal results [35,36], subsequent studies have reported more promising findings [20,37-42].”
Postpartum Depression Stopping the Thief That Steals Motherhood
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The Use of the Internet to Provide Evidence-Based Integrated Treatment Programs for Mental Health
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“Web-based interventions offer unique advantages that should increase engagement and improve impact [48,49]:”
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Characteristics and Treatment of Women with Antenatal and Postpartum Depression
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“Milgrom’s program included three partner sessions due to the impact of postpartum depression on the relationship and the finding that poor dyadic adjustment is a risk factor [26,27].”
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Depression Treatment in Rural California:Preliminary Survey of Nonpsychiatric Physicians
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“This public health impact is especially important for women in rural settings with limited transportation, childcare resources, and access to mental health professionals [50,51].”
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2 of the 89 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
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Traylor, C. S., Johnson, J., Kimmel, M., & Manuck, T. A. (2020) · American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology MFM · doi:10.1016/j.ajogmf.2020.100229 · Cited by 322 · see citing works
Milgrom, J., Danaher, B. G., Gemmill, A. W., Holt, C., Holt, C. J., Seeley, J. R., Tyler, M. S., Ross, J., & Ericksen, J. (2016) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.4993 · Cited by 221 · see citing works
“As pointed out in previous work [11-13], the rapid growth of eHealth offers a psychological treatment model that can potentially reduce or obviate many of these barriers for postnatal women.”
Self-citationFonseca, A., Gorayeb, R., & Canavarro, M. C. (2015) · Midwifery · doi:10.1016/j.midw.2015.09.002 · Cited by 177 · see citing works
Barrera, A. Z., Wickham, R. E., & Muñoz, R. F. (2015) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2015.06.002 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
MomMoodBooster Web-Based Intervention for Postpartum Depression: Feasibility Trial Results
Danaher, B. G., Milgrom, J., Seeley, J. R., Stuart, S., Schembri, C., Tyler, M. S., Ericksen, J., Lester, W., Gemmill, A. W., Kosty, D. B., et al. (2013) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.2876 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Self-citationMamma Mia – A randomized controlled trial of an internet-based intervention for perinatal depression
Haga, S. M., Drozd, F., Lisøy, C., Wentzel-Larsen, T., & Slinning, K. (2019) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291718002544 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
“Recent studies have demonstrated the acceptability and feasibility of internet interventions for perinatal depression (Danaher et al., 2012; Haga et al., 2013; Salonen, 2014; Logsdon et al., 2014).”
BackgroundMoore, G., Wilding, H., Gray, K., & Castle, D. (2019) · Journal of Participatory Medicine · doi:10.2196/11474 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Haga, S. M., Drozd, F., Brendryen, H., & Slinning, K. (2013) · JMIR Research Protocols · doi:10.2196/resprot.2659 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
“Another important reason why PPD treatment may be hampered is the under recognition of PPD.”
BackgroundInfluentialMilgrom, J., Danaher, B., Seeley, J., Holt, C. J., Holt, C., Ericksen, J., Tyler, M. S., Gau, J. M., & Gemmill, A. W. (2020) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/17185 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
“As described in earlier publications [42,43,60,61], to encourage optimal engagement and resulting behavior change [57], although the intervention can be accessed and used on smartphones, MMB was designed and optimized for use on desktop computers, laptops, and tablets and designed to function on…”
Self-citationSøgaard Neilsen, A., & Wilson, R. L. (2019) · International Journal of Mental Health Nursing · doi:10.1111/inm.12527 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Digital Health Needs of Women With Postpartum Depression: Focus Group Study
Lackie, M. E., Parrilla, J. S., Lavery, B. M., Kennedy, A. L., Ryan, D. M., Shulman, B., & Brotto, L. A. (2020) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/18934 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
The Implementation of Internet Interventions for Depression: A Scoping Review
Drozd, F., Vaskinn, L., Bergsund, H. B., Haga, S. M., Slinning, K., & Bjørkli, C. A. (2016) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.5670 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
The Neurobiological Impact of Postpartum Maternal Depression
Drury, S. S., Scaramella, L. V., & Zeanah, C. H. (2016) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.chc.2015.11.001 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Sprenger, M., Mettler, T., & Osma, J. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0180867 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Kelman, A. R., Evare, B. S., Barrera, A. Z., Muñoz, R. F., & Gilbert, P. (2018) · Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy · doi:10.1002/cpp.2185 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Internet‐based interventions for postpartum depression: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Mu, T., Li, Y., Xu, R., Chen, J., Wang, Y., & Shen, C. (2020) · Nursing Open · doi:10.1002/nop2.724 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
“…information gathered during previous meetings more effectively than in a face-to-face environment; (c) users can set their own schedule and access information at a time suitable for them; and (d) there is low postdevelopment cost to deliver the programme to each participant (Danaher et al., 2012).”
BackgroundDrozd, F., Haga, S. M., Brendryen, H., & Slinning, K. (2015) · JMIR Research Protocols · doi:10.2196/resprot.4858 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Felder, J. N., Segal, Z. V., Beck, A. L., Sherwood, N. E., Goodman, S. H., Boggs, J. M., Lemon, E. L., & Dimidjian, S. (2016) · Cognitive and Behavioral Practice · doi:10.1016/j.cbpra.2016.02.002 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Women’s use of online resources and acceptance of e-mental health tools during the perinatal period
Fonseca, A., Gorayeb, R., & Canavarro, M. C. (2016) · International Journal of Medical Informatics · doi:10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2016.07.016 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
“The development of e-mental health tools to prevent and treat perinatal depression may be one effective way to improve women’s access and utiliza ion of mental healthcare and its outcomes [13-15].”
BackgroundBarrera, A. Z., Kelman, A. R., & Muñoz, R. F. (2014) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.2999 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Pregnancy and the Acceptability of Computer-Based Versus Traditional Mental Health Treatments
Hantsoo, L., Podcasy, J., Sammel, M., Epperson, C. N., & Kim, D. R. (2017) · Journal of Women's Health · doi:10.1089/jwh.2016.6255 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
“35–37 Like others, 32 our previous trial of CCBT for depressed pregnant women showed a high rate of adherence to the treatment program, and 80% of participants showed symptom improvement, 31 suggesting that computer-based treatments may be a promising option for perinatal women.”
BackgroundNoonan, M., Jomeen, J., & Doody, O. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18105396 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
“There are two approaches to psychosocial interventions for addressing perinatal depression and/or anxiety: (1) preventive programs initiated in pregnancy or early in the postnatal period for women with risk factors for perinatal depression and/or anxiety, and (2) interventions devised to help ameliorate the depressive…”
Kingston, D., Janes-Kelley, S., Tyrrell, J., Clark, L., Hamza, D., Holmes, P., Parkes, C., Moyo, N., McDonald, S., & Austin, M.-P. (2015) · JMIR Research Protocols · doi:10.2196/resprot.4037 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Danaher, B. G., Seeley, J. R., Silver, R. K., Tyler, M. S., Kim, J. J., Porte, L. M. L., Cleveland, E., Smith, D. R., Milgrom, J., & Gau, J. M. (2022) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2022.09.027 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Self-citationTechnology‐assisted nursing for postpartum support: A randomized controlled trial
McCarter‐Spaulding, D., Demidenko, E., Sisco, T. S., & Hegel, M. T. (2019) · Journal of Advanced Nursing · doi:10.1111/jan.14114 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
“…proposed as a way to reach socioeconomically and culturally diverse populations (Aguilera & Berridge, 2014; Emily D., Erica H., & K., 2014), particularly when paired with a personal encounter (Carta, Lefever, Bigelow, Borkowski, & Warren, 2013; Danaher et al., 2012; Piette & Schillinger, 2007).”
BackgroundBright, K. S., Mughal, M. K., Wajid, A., Lane-Smith, M., Murray, L., Roy, N., van Zanten, S. V., McNeil, D. A., Stuart, S. P., & Kingston, D. E. (2019) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-019-3897-z · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Self-citationHaga, S. M., Kinser, P. A., Wentzel‐Larsen, T., Lisøy, C., Garthus‐Niegel, S., Slinning, K., & Drozd, F. (2020) · The Journal of Positive Psychology · doi:10.1080/17439760.2020.1738535 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Solness, C. L., Kroska, E. B., Holdefer, P. J., & O’Hara, M. W. (2020) · Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s10865-020-00188-5 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Responding to women's needs and preferences in an online program to prevent postpartum depression
Ramphos, E. S., Kelman, A. R., Stanley, M., & Barrera, A. Z. (2019) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2019.100275 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
“The MomMoodBusters/MumMoodBusters program (Danaher et al., 2012) and the NetMums behavioral activation program (O'Mahen et al.”
MethodOsma, J., Plaza, I., Crespo, E., Medrano, C., & Serrano, R. (2014) · IEEE-EMBS International Conference on Biomedical and Health Informatics (BHI ...) · doi:10.1109/bhi.2014.6864423 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
“Referring to the technological tools used, six of them are web pages [21, 23, 26, 28, 24], four are phone calls [20, 22, 27, 25] and two are an interactive voice response system through mobile phone applications [29, 30].”
MethodMazhariazad, F., Niksalehi, S., Taghadosi, M., & Tashk, M. (2018) · Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care · doi:10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_120_17 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
“[5,6] These tools ensure a rapidly modern approach for extending the accessibility to effective depression treatments for postpartum disorders.[3] Thus, those mothers who are reluctant to seek treatment for reasons such as geographical restrictions can willingly schedule to receive and follow their desired mode of the…”
BackgroundSnow, M., & Donnelly, J. F. (2016) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-016-2725-5 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
“As has been demonstrated by other investigators and clinicians using online resources to support those with mood disorders such as postnatal depression (Danaher et al. 2012; Danaher et al. 2013) and anxiety (Titov et al.”
ResultHanley, S. J., Varley, I., Sale, C., & Elliott-Sale, K. J. (2023) · Maternal and Child Health Journal · doi:10.1007/s10995-023-03684-7 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
“Danaher et al. (2012) included formative work with focus group participants and usability testers that contributed towards the design of a web-based intervention aimed at ameliorating the symptoms of postpartum depression.”
BackgroundOmylinska‐Thurston, J., Aithal, S., Liverpool, S., Clark, R. D., Moula, Z., Wood, J., Viliardos, L., Rodríguez-Dorans, E., Farish-Edwards, F., Parsons, A. S., et al. (2024) · JMIR Mental Health · doi:10.2196/55500 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
“Examples of unhelpful factors included comments that the modules were not engaging and too lengthy and that certain program features were complicated and hard to follow; these issues had an impact on “usability” [62,64,65].”
BackgroundMeasuring outcomes of digital technology‐assisted nursing postpartum: A randomized controlled trial
McCarter‐Spaulding, D., Demidenko, E., & Hegel, M. T. (2018) · Journal of Advanced Nursing · doi:10.1111/jan.13716 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
“, 2014; Le, Perry, & Sheng, 2009), particularly when paired with a personal encounter (Danaher et al., 2012; Piette & Schillinger, 2007).”
Internet-based interventions for postpartum anxiety: exploring health visitors’ views
Ashford, M. T., Olander, E. K., Rowe, H. J., Fisher, J., & Ayers, S. (2017) · Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology · doi:10.1080/02646838.2017.1313966 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
“There are currently IBIs available for postpartum depression and their preliminary efficacy and acceptability has been demonstrated (e.g. Danaher et al., 2012, 2013; O’Mahen et al., 2014, 2015), but so far no such intervention exists for postpartum anxiety (Ashford, Olander, & Ayers, 2016).”
BackgroundDanaher, B. G., Seeley, J. R., Stormshak, E. A., Tyler, M. S., Caruthers, A. S., Moore, K. J., & Cardenas, L. E. (2018) · JMIR Research Protocols · doi:10.2196/11106 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Self-citationWeb-based treatment for depression in pregnancy: a feasibility study of Mum2BMoodBooster
Gemmill, A. W., Oliva, J. L., Ericksen, J., Holt, C., Holt, C. J., & Milgrom, J. (2022) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-022-04111-x · Cited by 10 · see citing works
“Milgrom J, Danaher B, Seeley J, Holt C, Holt C, Ericksen J, et al. Internet and Face-to-Face Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Postnatal Depression Compared to Treatment-As-Usual: A Randomised Controlled Trial of MumMoodBooster.”
MethodInfluentialSelf-citationSkaczkowski, G., van der Kruk, S., Loxton, S., Hughes-Barton, D., Howell, C., Turnbull, D., Jensen, N., Smout, M., & Gunn, K. (2022) · JMIR Mental Health · doi:10.2196/31018 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Fulford, H., McSwiggan, L. C., Kroll, T., & MacGillivray, S. A. (2016) · JMIR Mental Health · doi:10.2196/mental.5966 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Effects of internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy on postpartum depression
Wang, F., Zhu, H., Yang, X., & Liao, F. (2022) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000028964 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Andreu-Pejó, L., Martínez-Borba, V., Suso-Ribera, C., & Osma, J. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17103439 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“Additionally, research suggests that the application of ICT facilitates perinatal mental health screening due to the reduced stigma associated with non-face-to-face evaluations, the flexibility with which assessments can be completed (anywhere and anytime), and the reduced costs in terms of professional time [50,59].”
BackgroundKumar, D., Hameed, W., & Avan, B. I. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0295955 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
“One could attribute this difference to comparatively higher advancements in technology in HICs and access to Internet within homes amongst majority of their population [16, 95, 96].”
BackgroundBright, K. S., Stuart, S. P., McNeil, D. A., Murray, L., & Kingston, D. E. (2022) · JMIR Formative Research · doi:10.2196/23879 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“In addition, internet-based interventions demonstrate preliminary effectiveness in the prevention [26,27] and treatment [28,29] of prenatal depression.”
BackgroundSelf-citationabout:blank? Online Interventions for Postpartum Depression
Westerhoff, B., Trösken, A., & Renneberg, B. (2019) · Verhaltenstherapie · doi:10.1159/000501779 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“However, affected women face not only a lack of outpatient therapy places [Bundespsychotherapeutenkammer, 2018] but also specific obstacles such as limited mobility, time and scheduling problems, and shame and fear of stigmatization [Dennis and Chung-Lee, 2006]. Internet-based interventions offer a promising perspecti…”
BackgroundDonker, T., Cuijpers, P., Stanley, D., & Danaher, B. (2015) · Identifying Perinatal Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/9781118509722.ch15 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Self-citationBright, K. S., Wajid, A., McNeil, D. A., Stuart, S. P., & Kingston, D. E. (2021) · Journal of Affective Disorders Reports · doi:10.1016/j.jadr.2021.100135 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Self-citationSchmidt-Hantke, J., & Jacobi, C. (2023) · PLOS Digital Health · doi:10.1371/journal.pdig.0000326 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“barriers as they provide low-threshold access, anonymity and flexibility, and a more cost-effective alternative to face-to-face treatment [20, 21].”
BackgroundMustafina, S. N., Islam, M. N., Mahjabin, M. R., Mannan, M., & Islam, M. (2025) · BMC Health Services Research · doi:10.1186/s12913-025-12429-x · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“The study by [21] Danaher et al. developed a Web-based intervention program “MumMoodBooster” for helping to ameliorate symptoms of postpartum depression.”
Li, Y., Mu, T., Zhang, L., Zhang, C., Wu, D., Chen, J., & Wang, F. (2020) · Journal of Advanced Nursing · doi:10.1111/jan.14436 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Healthy Moms and Babies Preventive Psychological Intervention Application: A Study Protocol
Ruiz‐Segovia, N., Muñoz, M. D. L. F. R., Olivares, M. E., Izquierdo, N., Coronado, P., & Le, H. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph182312485 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“Digital tools offer new and tailored content, allowing women to access the tools at their own pace and preserving their anonymity [59].”
BackgroundFisher, A. C., Jervis, N., Bisby, M. A., Gandy, M., Heriseanu, A. I., Hathway, T., Rezwan, A., Titov, N., & Dear, B. F. (2026) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2026.100914 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“…white, heterosexual, women), whose perspectives may not have been representative of or applicable to the broader population (Callan et al., 2021; Sin et al., 2019; Geerling et al., 2022; Behr et al., 2024; Danaher et al., 2012; Patterson et al., 2022; Torok et al., 2022; Batchelor et al., 2022).”
InfluentialMilgrom, J., Burn, M., Rodrigues, A. L., Gemmill, A. W., & Hirshler, Y. (2023) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-85757-4.00025-0 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Self-citationOnline-Interventionen bei postpartaler Depression
Westerhoff, B., Trösken, A., & Renneberg, B. (2019) · Verhaltenstherapie · doi:10.1159/000496095 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Supporting the Viability of E-Health Services with Pattern-Based Business Model Design
Sprenger, M. (2016) · Communications in computer and information science · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-44672-1_14 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Franco, P., Olhaberry, M., Muzard, A., Lara, M. A., & Cuijpers, P. J. (2022) · Depression and personality · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-13029-8_8 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Aștefanei, A., & Miclea, M. (2025) · International Journal of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy · doi:10.1007/s41811-025-00245-4 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“In addition, one article describing the development of the intervention, including focus groups and usability testing, has been published (Danaher et al., 2012).”
Stéphan, F., Galudec, M. L., Tritschler-LeMaître, M.-H., Berrouiguet, S., & Walter, M. (2014) · Journal de Thérapie Comportementale et Cognitive · doi:10.1016/j.jtcc.2014.05.002 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Baez, L. M., Hamil, J. L., McBride, E., Czech, K. A., Taple, B. J., Santillano, A., Huang, M., Barrera, A. Z., & Tandon, S. D. (2024) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2024.100792 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Castaner, M. M., Thomsen, C. E., Elliott, A. F., Holt, E., Husedzinovic, S., Madsen, K. B., & Munk‐Olsen, T. (2025) · JMIR Formative Research · doi:10.2196/73948 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“Unlike similar digital self-guided interventions, MomMoodBooster and Happy Mother, we focused on integrating our self-guided digital intervention into existing maternal health care services [11,12].”
Huang, D., Lai, S.-C., Lo, L., Hong, T.-H., & Chiou, W. (2020) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-60114-0_45 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Prevencion de la psicopatologia perinatal durante la gestacion
Kovacheva, K. I. (2021) · NACIENDO Revista Española de Psicología y Psicopatología Perinatal e Infantil · doi:10.52961/01.kqiu5549 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Andersen, C. E. (2015) · NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives
Li, Y., & Mu, T. (2019) · JMIR Research Protocols · doi:10.2196/14514
Web-based rule-based expert system to screen postpartum depression
Mufidati, D., Widyawati, M. N., & Suryono, S. (2021) · IOP Conference Series Materials Science and Engineering · doi:10.1088/1757-899x/1108/1/012020
“Mothers who have just given birth and are suffering from symptoms of postpartum depression tend to be more active in using the internet to help them access health services not available traditionally, as they want speedier treatment for postpartum depression [20,21].”
BackgroundDanaher, B. G., Crowley, R. N., Brendryen, H., Seeley, J. R., Tyler, M. S., & Severson, H. H. (2018) · doi:10.2196/preprints.10882
Self-citationReardon, K., Bromley, K. W., & Unruh, D. K. (2026) · Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin · doi:10.1177/00343552261443356
- Authors
- Danaher, B. G., Milgrom, J., Seeley, J. R., Stuart, S., Schembri, C., Tyler, M. S., Ericksen, J., Lester, W., Gemmill, A. W., & Lewinsohn, P.
- Affiliations
- Oregon Research Institute (US)
- The University of Melbourne (AU)
- University of Oregon (US)
- University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics (US)
- Heidelberg Repatriation Hospital (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Danaher, Brian G
- ORCID
- Venue
- JMIR Research Protocols
- Publisher
- JMIR Publications Inc.
- Published
- 2012-11-22
- Volume
- 1
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- e18
- ISSN
- 1929-0748 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3626158
- OpenAlex
- W2137781327
- Cited by
- 67
- References
- 89
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 2
- FWCI
- 3.40
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- JMIR Research Protocols (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Journal of Medical Internet Research (cc-by)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH084931)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Digital Mental Health Interventions
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Mobile Health and mHealth Applications
- Keywords
- postpartum depression, online intervention, cognitive behavioral therapy, formative research, usability testing, focus groups, System Usability Scale, think-aloud, postpartum women, partner involvement, online coaching, program design
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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