Computer-aided psychotherapy: Revolution or bubble?

Marks, I. M.; Cavanagh, K.; Gega, L.

doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.107.041152

Cited by 165Digital Mental Health InterventionsTelemedicine and Telehealth ImplementationAnxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes

Computer-aided psychotherapy: Revolution or bubble?

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Marks, I. M., Cavanagh, K., Gega, L.·2007·British Journal of Psychiatry

DOI 10.1192/bjp.bp.107.041152

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Abstract

Research into computer-aided psychotherapy is thriving around the world. Most of it concerns computer-aided cognitive-behavioural therapy (CCBT). A recent narrative review found 97 computer-aided psychotherapy systems from nine countries reported in 175 studies, of which 103 were randomised controlled trials. The rapid spread of the mass delivery of psychotherapy through CCBT, catalysed in the UK by the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence's recommendation of two CCBT programmes and the Department of Health's CCBT implementation guidance, seems unprecedented. This editorial is a synopsis of the current status of CCBT and its future directions.

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Psychotherapy for depression is effective in primary care contexts.
“psychotherapy for depression has been found to be effective in primary care contexts (5, 10, 11).”
From Exploring the relationship between the acceptability of an internet-based intervention for depression in primary care and clinical outcomes: Secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial (2019) · cites this paper as [10]
The “Does CCBT Work?” section reports that patients with depression often improved more with computer-aided CBT than with waiting-list controls or usual care. The section on healthcare systems describes primary care trusts arranging access to CCBT, but does not report that depression psychotherapy was found effective specifically in primary care settings. The paper also addresses computer-aided therapy rather than psychotherapy generally. (LLM, conf=0.82)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
A narrow focus on genital function or performance disregards the broader relational context and psychological variables that constitute a patient and partner's sexual satisfaction and quality of life.
“A narrow focus on genital function or performance disregards the broader relational context and psychological variables that constitute a patient and partner's sexual satisfaction and quality of life.14,124,140”
From A Psychosocial Approach to Erectile Dysfunction: Position Statements from the European Society of Sexual Medicine (ESSM) (2021) · cites this paper as [140]
The 'Does CCBT Work?' section mentions a computer-aided system for sexual dysfunction but does not discuss genital performance, partners, sexual satisfaction, or quality of life. Searches for those concepts found no passage in our copy addressing the claim. (LLM, conf=0.75)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
The clinical relevance of changes in erectile function may be questioned if not accompanied by clinically meaningful improvements in overall sexual satisfaction and pleasure.
“Furthermore, the clinical relevance of changes in erectile function may be questioned if not accompanied by clinically meaningful improvements in overall sexual satisfaction and pleasure.140”
From A Psychosocial Approach to Erectile Dysfunction: Position Statements from the European Society of Sexual Medicine (ESSM) (2021) · cites this paper as [140]
The ‘DOES CCBT WORK?’ section (page not provided) mentions a computer-aided system for sexual dysfunction, but does not discuss erectile-function changes or whether sexual satisfaction and pleasure determine their clinical relevance. Searches for those terms and for clinically meaningful improvement found no passage addressing the claim. (LLM, conf=0.76)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Satisfaction has been found to help optimize intervention efficacy.
“This is an important result because satisfaction has been found to help to optimize intervention efficacy (10, 45), and the results in the present study show that the same thing might occur with an IBI program for depression in primary care settings.”
From Exploring the relationship between the acceptability of an internet-based intervention for depression in primary care and clinical outcomes: Secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial (2019) · cites this paper as [10]
The 'DOES CCBT WORK?' section discusses which computer-aided CBT programs are effective and the role of clinician support, but does not say that patient satisfaction helps optimize intervention efficacy. Searches for satisfaction and related terms found no passage in our copy addressing that relationship. (LLM, conf=0.72)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

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Christensen, H., Griffiths, K. M., Korten, A., Christensen, H., Griffiths, K. M., Korten, A., et al et al (2004 (2004a a) ) Comparison of changes in anxiety and Comparison of changes in anxiety and depression symptoms of spontaneous users and trial depression symptoms of spontaneous users and trial participants of a CBTwebsite. participants of a CBTwebsite. Journal of Medical Internet Journal of Medical Internet Research, Research, 6 6, 46. , 46.

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Authors: Marks, I. M., Cavanagh, K., & Gega, L.
Affiliations: King's College London (GB)
University of Newcastle Australia (AU)
University of East Anglia (GB)
Corresponding author: Marks, I. M.
ORCID: Cavanagh, K.
Gega, L.
Venue: British Journal of Psychiatry
Publisher: Royal College of Psychiatrists
Published: 2007-12
Volume: 191
Issue: 6
Pages: 471-473
ISSN: 0007-1250 (ISSN-L)
1472-1465
DOI: 10.1192/bjp.bp.107.041152
OpenAlex: W2003458874
Cited by: 165
References: 11
Citations by year: 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 37 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 9
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: www.cambridge.org/core/terms (unspecified, 3685 d)
Locations: The British Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
UEA Digital Repository (University of East Anglia) (submittedVersion)
Newcastle University ePrints (Newcastle Univesity)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Digital Mental Health Interventions
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Telemedicine and Telehealth Implementation
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Keywords: NICE guidelines, digital mental health, future research directions
MeSH terms: Anxiety Disorders, Cost-Benefit Analysis, Depressive Disorder, Female, United Kingdom, Humans, Male, Therapy, Computer-Assisted, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic

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