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Predictors of employment for people with severe mental illness: results of an international six-centre randomised controlled trial
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Background: An international six-centre randomised controlled trial comparing individual placement and support (IPS) with usual vocational rehabilitation for people with serious mental illness found IPS to be more effective for all vocational outcomes. Aims: To determine which patients with severe mental illness do well in vocational services and which process and service factors are associated with better outcomes. Method: Patient characteristics and early process variables were tested as predictors of employment outcomes. Service characteristics were explored as predictors of the effectiveness of IPS. Results: Patients with previous work history, fewer met social needs and better relationships with their vocational workers were more likely to obtain employment and work for longer. Remission and swifter service uptake were associated with working more. Having an IPS service closer to the original IPS model was the only service characteristic associated with greater effectiveness. Conclusions: The IPS service was found to be more effective for all vocational outcomes. In addition, maintaining high IPS fidelity and targeting relational skills would be a valuable focus for all vocational interventions, leading to improved employment outcomes. Motivation to find work may be decreased by satisfaction with current life circumstances.
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“A history of employment is recognised as predicting success [35, 77].”
From An enhanced individual placement and support (iPS) intervention based on the model of human occupation (MOHO); a prospective cohort study (2020) · cites this paper as [35]
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Self-citationEarly Vocational Rehabilitation After Serious Injury or Illness: A Systematic Review
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“Quite a few studies have revealed that the most consistent predictors of employment are recent work history, drive, self-efficacy (Gioia 2005; Marwaha and Johnson 2004; Rinaldi et al. 2008; Bond et al. 2001; Secker et al. 2003; Catty et al. 2008; Becker et al. 2007).”
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“Although sensitivity of the SOFAS in EP contexts has been demonstrated [14], it remains to be seen whether rating psychosocial functioning on a single dimension is overly limiting with EP, and more detailed information such as total number of hours engaged in work or study [44,45] might be a more useful indicator of f…”
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“In a multisite international study, adults with psychiatric disabilities receiving supported employment services who perceived better relationships with their vocational support workers were more likely to obtain employment and work for longer periods (Catty et al., 2008).”
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“Catty et al. (2008) and Corbière et al. (2024) identi fi ed that a better working alliance between the ES and IPS participants predicts better chances of acquiring a competitive job, whereas Kukla and Bond (2009) did not identify such an association.”
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“Previous research has shown that work history was a predictor of obtaining employment (Catty et al., 2008), but it does not influence expectancy.”
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“Such services are limited in terms of evidence-based interventions, such as Individual Placement and Support (IPS) (Burns et al., 2008; Catty et al., 2008; Crain et al., 2009), recovery photovoice, art-making and exhibition interventions.”
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“These are Individual Placement and Support (IPS) (30-32, 35, 48-51), supported employment enterprises, sheltered employment (30, 32, 52, 53), conventional vocational rehabilitation (48) and social rms (52, 54).”
BackgroundInfluentialBadu, E., O’Brien, A. P., & Mitchell, R. J. (2020) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-73542/v1 · Cited by 2
“The IPS interventions identi ed in the current ndings are mostly associated with agricultural production, creative projects, services and clients joining the labour market (31, 36, 50, 52).”
BackgroundInfluentialStiles, B. J., Orleans-Pobee, M., Bullard, K., Halverson, T. F., Meyer-Kalos, P., Perkins, D. O., Penn, D. L., & Browne, J. (2024) · Psychosis · doi:10.1080/17522439.2024.2385832 · Cited by 1
“…(McCabe et al., 2012) or therapy session attendance (Huddy et al., 2012), and other outcomes including global functioning (Berry et al., 2016), vocational rehabilitation (Catty et al., 2008), psychotic symptom severity (Goldsmith et al., 2015) and self-reported recovery (Moran et al., 2014).”
Sieling‐Monas, S. M., Salado‐Rasmussen, J., & Bonfils, I. S. (2026) · European Journal of Social Work · doi:10.1080/13691457.2026.2711917 · Cited by 1
Schizophrenie–psychosoziale Therapie (ICD-10 F2)
Klingberg, S., Weinmann, S., & Becker, T. M. (2008) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-343724780-4.50009-9 · Cited by 1
Self-citationDewa, C. S. (2015) · Community Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1007/s10597-015-9942-9 · Cited by 1
“Having a work history has been reported to be positively associated with employment (Catty et al. 2008; Tsang et al. 2010). There are also demographic characteristics such as low educational attainment (Mueser et al. 2001; Tsang et al. 2010; Waghorn et al. 2003) associated with unemployment. In addition, Marwaha and J…”
BackgroundRice, C. D., Howard, L. M., Leese, M., Jarrett, M., & Thornicroft, G. (2009) · Journal of Mental Health · doi:10.3109/09638230902968167 · Cited by 1
“Wanting to work fulltime was also significantly associated with having more unmet needs (see Table II), which may also improve the likelihood of attaining paid employment (Catty et al., 2008).”
BackgroundSTRATEGIES FOR SUSTAINING A JOB IN PATIENTS WITH SEVERE MENTAL ILLNESS: A LITERATURE REVIEW
Mitra, K. B., Rassafiani, M., Farahnaz, M. S., Haghgoo, H. A., & Taherkhani, H. (2014) · Scientific Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine · doi:10.22037/r.m.v3i3.7073 · Cited by 1
Meera, J., Sivakumar, T., Chandra, P. S., Kumar, D., & Krishnareddy, S. R. (2024) · Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1177/02537176241263907 · Cited by 2
Ribeiro, M. A. (2014) · Universitas Psychologica · doi:10.11144/javeriana.upsy12-4.tlas · Cited by 1
McKinlay, E. M., Mackie, S., Arcus, K., & Nelson, K. (2012) · Rehabilitation Nursing · doi:10.1002/rnj.31 · Cited by 1
“Predictors for successful re-employment of people who have physical health and co-existing mental health conditions include: quick enrollment into a work re-entry program; successful regaining of employment within a short space of time (Black, 2008); having worked for 1 month in the previous 5 years; fewer social need…”
BackgroundInfluentialCichocki, B. (2015) · Work · doi:10.3233/wor-152107 · Cited by 2
Individual placement and support: the evidence-based practice of supported employment.
Becker, D. R., Bond, G. R., & Drake, R. E. (2011) · doi:10.1093/med/9780199565498.003.0090 · Cited by 1
Self-citationSocial Intervention in Psychiatric Disorders
Wulf Rössler, A. (2015) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-097086-8.27067-0 · Cited by 1
Societal Outcomes in Schizophrenia
Kooyman, I., & Walsh, E. (2010) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781444327298.ch31 · Cited by 1
Provision of Health Services: Mental Health Care
Cylus, J., Saidi, M., & Knapp, M. R. J. (2019) · Health services research · doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-8715-3_25 · Cited by 1
Self-citationDevelopment, Organization, and Evaluation of Services
Thornicroft, G., Semrau, M., Alem, A., Drake, R. E., Ito, H., Mari, J. D. J., McGeorge, P., & THARA, R. (2011) · doi:10.1002/9781119979203.ch10
Self-citationThe Successes and Challenges of Integrating Mental Health and Employment Services
Tse, S. S.-K., & Porteous, N. (2010) · doi:10.1002/9781444319736.ch3
Work-related needs and experiences of people recovering from mental health problems
Cameron, J. (2013) · University of Brighton Repository (University of Brighton)
Knapp, M. R. J., Beecham, J. K., Comas‐Herrera, A., Davey, V., Fernández, J., Forder, J., Kendall, J., King, D., Matosevic, T., Malley, J., et al. (2011)
Self-citationBirindelli, N., Castagna, F., Giugiario, M., Graffino, M., Mingrone, C., Sandei, L., & Rocca, P. (2016)
Artículo Monográfico Intervenciones psicosociales en la psicosis temprana
Fornells‐Ambrojo, M., & Craig, T. (2011)
Overcoming Barriers to Empowerment
Greacen, T., & Jouet, E. (2012) · Palgrave Macmillan UK eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-0-230-39135-2_9
Metadata
- Authors
- Catty, J., Lissouba, P., White, S., Becker, T., Drake, R. E., Fioritti, A., Knapp, M., Lauber, C., Rössler, W., Tomov, T., van Busschbach, J., Wiersma, D., Burns, T., & EQOLISE Group
- Affiliations
- University of London (GB)
- St George's, University of London (GB)
- Universität Ulm (DE)
- Dartmouth Psychiatric Research Center (US)
- London School of Economics and Political Science (GB)
- Psychiatrische Universitätsklinik Zürich (CH)
- University Medical Center Groningen (NL)
- Warneford Hospital (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Burns, Tom
- ORCID
- Venue
- British Journal of Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Royal College of Psychiatrists
- Published
- 2008-03
- Volume
- 192
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 224-231
- ISSN
- 0007-1250 (ISSN-L)
- 1472-1465
- OpenAlex
- W2127566385
- Cited by
- 217
- References
- 42
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 16 · 2012: 18
- FWCI
- 56.38
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- The British Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (acceptedVersion)
- University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (submittedVersion)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich)
- The British Journal of Psychiatry
- Funders
- European Commission
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Education › Disability Education and Employment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Mental Health and Patient Involvement
- Keywords
- severe mental illness, employment, Individual Placement and Support, vocational rehabilitation, predictors of employment, service attributes, social needs, remission, service uptake, work history, employee motivation, life satisfaction
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Mental Disorders, Employment, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Male, Middle Aged, Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care, Prognosis, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Rehabilitation Centers, Rehabilitation, Vocational, Schizophrenia, Employment, Supported
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