Vitamin levels in adults with ADHD
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Micronutrients containing vitamins are reported to reduce symptom levels in persons with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), but data on vitamin levels in ADHD are sparse. AIMS: To examine the relationship between vitamin concentrations, ADHD diagnosis and psychiatric symptoms in young adult ADHD patients and controls. METHOD: Eight vitamins and the nicotine metabolite cotinine were analysed in serum samples from 133 ADHD patients and 131 controls aged between 18 and 40, who also reported ADHD symptoms and comorbid conditions. RESULTS: Lower concentrations of vitamins B2, B6 and B9 were associated with the ADHD diagnosis, and B2 and B6 also with symptom severity. Smokers had lower levels of vitamins B2 and B9. CONCLUSIONS: ADHD patients were overrepresented in the group with low levels of some vitamins, possibly indicative of inadequate dietary intake of these micronutrients in a subgroup of patients. It is important to identify these patients in dietary intervention trials of ADHD. DECLARATION OF INTEREST: J.H. has received lecture honoraria as part of continuing medical education programmes sponsored by Novartis, Eli Lilly and Company, and Janssen-Cilag. COPYRIGHT AND USAGE: © The Royal College of Psychiatrists 2016. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Non-Commercial, No Derivatives (CC BY-NC-ND) license.
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Multidisciplinary collaboration involving dietitians and mental health professionals enhances intervention design and adherence.
“Multidisciplinary collaboration, involving healthcare providers such as dietitians and mental health professionals, enhances intervention design and adherence [189].”
From ADHD in Adulthood: Clinical Presentation, Comorbidities, and Treatment Perspectives (2025) · cites this paper as [189]
The Abstract Conclusions recommend identifying patients with low vitamin levels in ADHD dietary intervention trials, and the Discussion’s suggestions for further research address study design and dietary information. Neither passage addresses collaboration with dietitians and mental health professionals or its effect on intervention design and adherence; searches for those terms found no supporting passage. No page numbers were provided in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.76)
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ADHD in Adulthood: Clinical Presentation, Comorbidities, and Treatment Perspectives
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“Multidisciplinary collaboration, involving healthcare providers such as dietitians and mental health professionals, enhances intervention design and adherence [189].”
- Authors
- Landaas, E. T., Aarsland, T. I. M., Ulvik, A., Halmøy, A., Ueland, P. M., & Haavik, J.
- Affiliations
- University of Bergen (NO)
- Bevital (Norway) (NO)
- Haukeland University Hospital (NO)
- Corresponding author
- Haavik, Jan
- ORCID
- Venue
- BJPsych Open
- Publisher
- Royal College of Psychiatrists
- Published
- 2016-11
- Volume
- 2
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 377-384
- ISSN
- 2056-4724 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5153567
- OpenAlex
- W2566052426
- Cited by
- 39
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 2
- FWCI
- 3.55
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- BJPsych Open (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Eli Lilly and Company
- European Commission (667302, 602805)
- Helse Vest
- Universitetet i Bergen
- Cilag
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rheumatology › Folate and B Vitamins Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Keywords
- attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, vitamin levels, micronutrients, riboflavin, vitamin B6, folic acid, ADHD symptom severity, smoking, cotinine, dietary intake, young adults, psychiatric comorbidity
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