Molecular Genetics of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Open accessAbstract
Although twin studies demonstrate that ADHD is a highly heritable condition, molecular genetic studies suggest that the genetic architecture of ADHD is complex. The handful of genome-wide linkage and association scans that have been conducted thus far show divergent findings and are, therefore, not conclusive. Similarly, many of the candidate genes reviewed here (ie, DBH, MAOA, SLC6A2, TPH-2, SLC6A4, CHRNA4, GRIN2A) are theoretically compelling from neurobiological systems perspective but available data are sparse and inconsistent. However, candidate gene studies of ADHD have produced substantial evidence implicating several genes in the etiology of the disorder, with meta-analyses supportive of a role of the genes coding for DRD4, DRD5, SLC6A3, SNAP-25, and HTR1B in the etiology of ADHD.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The monetary incentive delay task has been repeatedly shown to elicit a neural response in the ventral striatum to both reward anticipation and receipt.
“The MID task has been repeatedly shown to elicit a neural response in the VS to both reward anticipation and receipt (for review see 15,18-20).”
From Increased neural responses to reward in adolescents and young adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and their unaffected siblings (2015) · cites this paper as [19]
The DRD4 and dopamine-transporter sections discuss ADHD genetics, not responses to the monetary incentive delay task. Searches for the task and for ventral-striatal responses during reward anticipation and receipt found no passage addressing the claim; page numbers were unavailable. (LLM, conf=0.77)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Genetic dissection of complex traits: guidelines for interpreting and reporting linkage results
Lander, E. S., & Kruglyak, L. (1995) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng1195-241 · Cited by 5,196 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Although some overlap is present in nominally significant linkage peaks, no evidence exists for the replication of a genome-wide significant finding using strict criteria.(16) To”
BackgroundEgan, M. F., Kojima, M., Callicott, J. H., Goldberg, T. E., Kolachana, B. S., Bertolino, A., Zaitsev, E., Gold, B., Goldman, D., Dean, M., et al. (2003) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(03)00035-7 · Cited by 3,888 · cited 2× · see citing works
“A polymorphism producing an amino acid substitution (valine to methionine) at codon 66 of the BDNF may impact intracellular trafficking and activity-dependent secretion of BDNF.157 Kent and colleagues158 found over transmission of the Val66 allele and that this was accounted for by paternal (P 5 .0005) rather than mat…”
BackgroundInfluentialKessler, R. C., Adler, L., Barkley, R., Biederman, J., Conners, C. K., Demler, O., Faraone, S. V., Greenhill, L. L., Howes, M. J., Secnik, K., et al. (2006) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.2006.163.4.716 · Cited by 3,886 · cited 2× · see citing works
“The worldwide prevalence of ADHD in children is 8% to 12%,1 and estimated to be 4% in adults in the United States by the National Comorbidity Survey.2 Early studies found the risk for ADHD among parents of children who had ADHD to be increased by between two- and eightfold, with similarly elevated risk among siblings.…”
BackgroundSelf-citationHyperlocomotion and indifference to cocaine and amphetamine in mice lacking the dopamine transporter
Giros, B., Jaber, M., Jones, S. R., Wightman, R. M., & Caron, M. G. (1996) · Nature · doi:10.1038/379606a0 · Cited by 2,476 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Treating these ‘‘knockout’’ mice with stimulants reduces their hyperactivity.(52,53) Using a family-based association study, Cook and colleagues(54) first reported an association between ADHD and the 10-repeat allele of the 30UTR VNTR.”
BackgroundMolecular genetics of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Faraone, S. V., Perlis, R. H., Doyle, A. E., Smoller, J. W., Goralnick, J. J., Holmgren, M. A., & Sklar, P. (2005) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.11.024 · Cited by 2,357 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Several meta-analyses suggest strong association with ADHD and the dopamine D4 receptor gene (DRD4, 48-bp VNTR),(18,19) the dopamine D5 receptor gene (DRD5, 148-bp microsatellite marker),(18,20) the dopamine b-hydroxylase gene (DBH, 50 taq1 A allele),(8) the synaptosomal-associated protein 25 gene (SNAP25, T1065G sing…”
BackgroundSelf-citationMultiple dopamine D4 receptor variants in the human population
Tol, H. H. M. V., Wu, C. M., Guan, H.-C., Ohara, K., Bunzow, J. R., Civelli, O., Kennedy, J., Seeman, P., Niznik, H. B., & Jovanovic, V. (1992) · Nature · doi:10.1038/358149a0 · Cited by 955 · cited 1× · see citing works
“focused on a tandem repeat polymorphism in exon III of DRD4 because in vitro studies have shown that one variant (the 7-repeat allele) produces a blunted response to dopamine.(26,27) Faraone and colleagues(8) conducted a meta analysis of the 7-repeat allele of the exon III polymorphism and found statistically signific…”
BackgroundRole of Serotonin in the Paradoxical Calming Effect of Psychostimulants on Hyperactivity
Gainetdinov, R. R., Wetsel, W. C., Jones, S. R., Levin, E. D., Jaber, M., & Caron, M. G. (1999) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.283.5400.397 · Cited by 885 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Treating these ‘‘knockout’’ mice with stimulants reduces their hyperactivity.(52,53) Using a family-based association study, Cook and colleagues(54) first reported an association between ADHD and the 10-repeat allele of the 30UTR VNTR.”
BackgroundModulation of intracellular cyclic AMP levels by different human dopamine D4 receptor variants
Asghari, V., Sanyal, S., Buchwaldt, S., Paterson, A., Jovanovic, V., & Van Tol, H. H. M. (1995) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1046/j.1471-4159.1995.65031157.x · Cited by 858 · cited 1× · see citing works
“focused on a tandem repeat polymorphism in exon III of DRD4 because in vitro studies have shown that one variant (the 7-repeat allele) produces a blunted response to dopamine.(26,27) Faraone and colleagues(8) conducted a meta analysis of the 7-repeat allele of the exon III polymorphism and found statistically signific…”
BackgroundFaraone, S., Doyle, A., Mick, E., & Biederman, J. (2001) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.158.7.1052 · Cited by 740 · see citing works
Self-citationLi, D.-W., Sham, P., Owen, M., & He, L. (2006) · Human Molecular Genetics · doi:10.1093/hmg/ddl152 · Cited by 611 · see citing works
The Dopamine D2 Receptor Locus as a Modifying Gene in Neuropsychiatric Disorders
Comings, D. E. (1991) · JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association · doi:10.1001/jama.1991.03470130073032 · Cited by 587 · see citing works
Brookes, K., Xu, X., Chen, W., Zhou, K., Neale, B., Lowe, N., Aneey, R., Franke, B., Gill, M., Ebstein, R., et al. (2006) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4001869 · Cited by 533 · cited 9× · see citing works
“33 SNPs were tagged for this gene in the IMAGE project, but there were no nominally significant associations with ADHD found.(39)”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialSelf-citationAnguelova, M., Benkelfat, C., & Turecki, G. (2003) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4001336 · Cited by 421 · see citing works
Daly, G., Hawi, Z., Fitzgerald, M., & Gill, M. (1999) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4000510 · Cited by 414 · see citing works
Lesch, K.-P., Timmesfeld, N., Renner, T. J., Halperin, R., Röser, C., Nguyen, T. T., Craig, D. W., Romanos, J., Heine, M., Meyer, J., et al. (2008) · Journal of Neural Transmission · doi:10.1007/s00702-008-0119-3 · Cited by 374 · cited 1× · see citing works
“implicated the CDH13 gene, which was also implicated in a second GWAS of 343 ADHD adults and 250 controls.(163) CDH 13 lies under the linkage peak implicated in the meta-analysis of ADHD linkage studies discussed.”
BackgroundXu, M., Hu, X.-T., Cooper, D. C., Moratalla, R., Graybiel, A., White, F. J., & Tonegawa, S. (1994) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(94)90026-4 · Cited by 347 · see citing works
Faraone, S. V., Biederman, J., Spencer, T., Mick, E., Murray, K., Petty, C., Adamson, J. J., & Monuteaux, M. C. (2006) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.2006.163.10.1720 · Cited by 329 · see citing works
Self-citationA genomewide scan for loci involved in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
Fisher, S. E., Francks, C., McCracken, J. T., McGough, J. J., Marlow, A., MacPhie, I. L., Newbury, D., Crawford, L., Palmer, C. G. S., Woodward, J., et al. (2002) · American Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1086/340112 · Cited by 318 · cited 1× · see citing works
“5): 5p12, 10q26, 12q23, and 16p13.(9) An expanded sample of 203 families found stronger evidence for the 16p13 region, previously implicated in autism, with a maximum LOD score of 4.”
BackgroundBrookes, K., Mill, J., Guindalini, C., Curran, S., Xu, X.-H., Knight, J., Chen, C.-K., Huang, Y.-S., Sethna, V., Taylor, E., et al. (2006) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.63.1.74 · Cited by 315 · see citing works
Adoptive and Biological Families of Children and Adolescents With ADHD
SPRICH, S., BIEDERMAN, J., CRAWFORD, M. H., MUNDY, E., & FARAONE, S. V. (2000) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-200011000-00018 · Cited by 291 · see citing works
Self-citationGenome-wide Association Scan of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Neale, B., Su, J., Anney, R., Franke, B., Zhou, K., Maller, J., Vásquez, A., Asherson, P., Chen, W., Banaschewski, T., et al. (2008) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.30866 · Cited by 288 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Although none of the SNPs in these achieved genomewide significance, when the SNPs in these genes were analyzed as a group, the results suggested that they were weakly associated with ADHD.(160)”
ResultSelf-citationManuck, S., Flory, J. D., Ferrell, R. E., Dent, K. M., Mann, J., & Muldoon, M. (1999) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(98)00375-8 · Cited by 284 · cited 1× · see citing works
“TPH is the rate-limiting enzyme in the synthesis of serotonin, and TPH polymorphisms have been associated with aggression and impulsivity.(136) Two family-based studies examined the TPH gene in ADHD.”
BackgroundComings, D., Wu, S., Chiu, C., Ring, R., Gade, R., Ahn, C., MacMurray, J. P., Dietz, G., & Muhleman, D. (1996) · American journal of medical genetics · doi:10.1002/(sici)1096-8628(19960531)67:3 · Cited by 283 · see citing works
Prenatal smoking exposure and dopaminergic genotypes interact to cause a severe ADHD subtype
Neuman, R. J., Lobos, E., Reich, W., Henderson, C. A., Sun, L.-W., & Todd, R. D. (2007) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.08.049 · Cited by 277 · see citing works
Anguelova, M., Benkelfat, C., & Turecki, G. (2003) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4001328 · Cited by 276 · see citing works
The psychiatric status of the legal families of adopted hyperactive children.
Morrison, J., & Stewart, M. A. (1973) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1973.01750360098015 · Cited by 271 · see citing works
Swanson, J., Oosterlaan, J., Murias, M., Schuck, S., Flodman, P., Spence, M. A., Wasdell, M., Ding, Y., Chi, H.-C., Smith, M., et al. (2000) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.080070897 · Cited by 267 · see citing works
Bakker, S. C., Meulen, E. M. V. D., Buitelaar, J. K., Sandkuijl, L. A., Pauls, D. L., Monsuur, A. J., Slot, R. V. ‘., Minderaa, R. B., Gunning, W. B., Pearson, P. L., et al. (2003) · The American Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1086/375143 · Cited by 257 · cited 1× · see citing works
“5.(11) Two other peaks at 7p13 and 9q33 yielded LOD scores of 3.”
BackgroundSmalley, S. L., Kustanovich, V., Minassian, S. L., Stone, J. L., Ogdie, M. N., McGough, J. J., McCracken, J. T., MacPhie, I. L., Francks, C., Fisher, S. E., et al. (2002) · The American Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1086/342732 · Cited by 240 · cited 2× · see citing works
“An expanded sample of 203 families found stronger evidence for the 16p13 region, previously implicated in autism, with a maximum LOD score of 4.(10) A study of 164 Dutch affected sibling pairs also identified a peak previously noted in autism, at 15q15, with a peak LOD score of 3.”
BackgroundComings, D., Muhleman, D., & Gysin, R. (1996) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/0006-3223(95)00519-6 · Cited by 226 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Tourette’s syndrome) to controls, and found a significant association with the TaqIA1 allele of DRD2, which they subsequently replicated.(61) This finding was replicated in”
ResultAttention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Endophenotypes
Doyle, A. E., Willcutt, E. G., Seidman, L. J., Biederman, J., Chouinard, V., Silva, J. A., & Faraone, S. V. (2005) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.03.015 · Cited by 225 · see citing works
Self-citationDopaminergic System Genes in ADHD: Toward a Biological Hypothesis
Kirley, A., Hawi, Z., Daly, G., McCarron, M., Mullins, C., Millar, N., Waldman, I., Fitzgerald, M., & Gill, M. (2002) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/s0893-133x(02)00315-9 · Cited by 225 · see citing works
Barr, C., Feng, Y., Wigg, K., Bloom, S., Roberts, W., Malone, M., Schachar, R., Tannock, R., & Kennedy, J. L. (2000) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4000733 · Cited by 222 · see citing works
Langley, K., Marshall, L., van den Bree, M. V. D., Thomas, H., Owen, M., O'Donovan, M., & Thapar, A. (2004) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.161.1.133 · Cited by 206 · cited 1× · see citing works
“the 7-repeat allele have demonstrated significantly better attention than subjects with fewer repeats or demonstrated no difference on similar measures of attention.(47) However, Bellgrove and colleagues(46) found that the rs747302-A allele was”
Lowe, N., Kirley, A., Hawi, Z., Sham, P., Wickham, H., Kratochvil, C., Smith, S. D., Lee, S. Y., Levy, F., Kent, L., et al. (2004) · American Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1086/381561 · Cited by 196 · see citing works
Self-citationDoyle, A., Faraone, S., Seidman, L. J., Willcutt, E., Nigg, J., Waldman, I., Pennington, B. F., Peart, J., & Biederman, J. (2005) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2005.01476.x · Cited by 195 · see citing works
Self-citationMeta-Analysis of Genome-Wide Linkage Scans of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Zhou, K., Dempfle, A., Arcos-Burgos, M., Bakker, S., Banaschewski, T., Biederman, J., Buitelaar, J., Castellanos, F., Doyle, A., Ebstein, R. P., et al. (2008) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.30878 · Cited by 191 · see citing works
Self-citationMcCracken, J. T., Smalley, S. L., McGough, J. J., Crawford, L., Del'Homme, M., Cantor, R. M., Liu, A., & Nelson, S. F. (2000) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4000770 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
Todd, R. (1992) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/0006-3223(92)90311-m · Cited by 187 · see citing works
Laucht, M., Skowronek, M. H., Becker, K., Schmidt, M., Esser, G., Schulze, T., & Rietschel, M. (2007) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.64.5.585 · Cited by 185 · see citing works
Yang, B., Chan, R., Jing, J., Li, T., Sham, P., & Chen, R. Y. L. (2007) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.30453 · Cited by 184 · see citing works
Hawi, Z., Dring, M., Kirley, A., Foley, D., Kent, L., Craddock, N., Asherson, P., Curran, S., Gould, A., Richards, S., et al. (2002) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4001048 · Cited by 175 · cited 1× · see citing works
“A coding polymorphism in the HTR2A receptor gene (His452Tyr) was associated with ADHD in,(118,122) but not in.(113,116) Li and colleagues(124) found significant over-transmission of the C-759T/G-697C haplotype within the HTR2C gene, but no association was observed in Bobb and colleagues(111) or in the IMAGE project.”
BackgroundBrophy, K., Hawi, Z., Kirley, A., Fitzgerald, M., & Gill, M. (2001) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4001092 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
Cases, O., Lebrand, C., Giros, B., Vitalis, T., de Maeyer, E., Caron, M., Price, D., Gaspar, P., & Seif, I. (1998) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.18-17-06914.1998 · Cited by 168 · cited 1× · see citing works
“The MAO-A enzyme moderates levels of norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin, and MAO-A knockout mice display numerous abnormalities in these neurotransmitter systems.(72) A case-control study of a 30-bp pair tandem repeat in the promoter region”
BackgroundSyvänen, A., Tilgmann, C., Rinne, J., & Ulmanen, I. (1997) · Pharmacogenetics (London) · doi:10.1097/00008571-199702000-00009 · Cited by 168 · cited 2× · see citing works
“The most extensively studied marker for the COMT gene is the Val108Met polymorphism, which yields either a high- or low- activity form of COMT.(88) Cheuk and colleagues(23) conducted a meta-analysis of this marker and found no evidence of association with ADHD in case-control studies (OR 5 0.”
BackgroundInfluentialMultivariate analysis of associations of 42 genes in ADHD, ODD and conduct disorder
Comings, D., Gade-Andavolu, R., Gonzalez, N., Wu, S.-J., Muhleman, D., Blake, H., Chiu, F., Wang, E., Farwell, K., Darakjy, S., et al. (2000) · Clinical Genetics · doi:10.1034/j.1399-0004.2000.580106.x · Cited by 162 · see citing works
A genome-wide scan for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in 155 German sib-pairs
Hebebrand, J., Dempfle, A., Saar, K., Thiele, H., Herpertz-Dahlmann, B., Linder, M., Kiefl, H., Remschmidt, H., Hemminger, U., Warnke, A., et al. (2006) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4001761 · Cited by 159 · cited 1× · see citing works
“They also reported nominal evidence for linkage to chromosomes 6q, 7p, 9q, 11q, 12q, and 17p, which had also been identified in previous scans.(14) Faraone and colleagues(15) found no regions of significant or suggestive”
BackgroundComings, D., Gade-Andavolu, R., Gonzalez, N., Wu, S.-J., Muhleman, D., Blake, H., Dietz, G., Saucier, G., & MacMurray, J. P. (2000) · Clinical Genetics · doi:10.1034/j.1399-0004.2000.570304.x · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Walitza, S., Renner, T. J., Dempfle, A., Konrad, K., Wewetzer, C., Halbach, A., Herpertz-Dahlmann, B., Remschmidt, H., Smidt, J., Linder, M., et al. (2005) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4001734 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Pharmacotherapy of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
Spencer, T. J., Biederman, J., & Wilens, T. (2000) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/s1056-4993(18)30136-6 · Cited by 158 · cited 1× · see citing works
“dopamine transporter as one mechanism of action for achieving their therapeutic effects.(51) In mice, eliminating SLC6A3 gene function leads to two features suggestive”
BackgroundKim, C.-H., Hahn, M. K., Joung, Y., Anderson, S., Steele, A., Mazei-Robinson, M. S., Gizer, I., Teicher, M. H., Cohen, B., Robertson, D., et al. (2006) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · doi:10.1073/pnas.0510836103 · Cited by 152 · cited 1× · see citing works
“promoter SNP has been shown to be possibly associated with ADHD in a set of 94 ADHD cases and 60 controls.(112)”
BackgroundManor, I., Tyano, S., Mel, E., Eisenberg, J., Bachner-Melman, R., Kotler, M., & Ebstein, R. P. (2002) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4001037 · Cited by 150 · cited 1× · see citing works
“in 129 Israeli ADHD subjects suggested association with ADHD and noted a particularly large effect in the subset of female cases (n 5 19).(73) The 4 and 5 repeat alleles of this promoter-region VNTR were also significantly associated with ADHD in a sample of 133 Israeli families,(73) but not in a similarly-sized famil…”
Reuter, M., Kirsch, P., & Hennig, J. (2006) · Journal of neural transmission · doi:10.1007/s00702-005-0366-5 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Neuropsychological functioning in youth with bipolar disorder.
Doyle, A., Wilens, T., Kwon, A., Seidman, L., Faraone, S., Fried, R., Swezey, A., Snyder, L., & Biederman, J. (2005) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.07.019 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Self-citationThe serotonin 5-HT1B receptor gene and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Quist, J., Barr, C., Schachar, R., Roberts, W., Malone, M., Tannock, R., Basile, V., Beitchman, J., & Kennedy, J. (2003) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4001244 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Tryptophan Hydroxylase 2 (TPH2) gene variants associated with ADHD
Sheehan, K., Lowe, N., Kirley, A., Mullins, C., Fitzgerald, M., Gill, M., & Hawi, Z. (2005) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4001698 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Wilson, M. C. (2000) · Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/s0149-7634(99)00064-0 · Cited by 139 · cited 1× · see citing works
“campal physiology, which may contribute to learning deficiencies, and deficits in Ca21-dependent dopamine release in dorsal striatum.(143) Four family-based studies”
BackgroundThe neurobiology of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Curatolo, P., Paloscia, C., D'Agati, E., Moavero, R., & Pasini, A. (2009) · European Journal of Paediatric Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.ejpn.2008.06.003 · Cited by 136 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Both noradrenaline and dopamine are potent agonists of DRD4,(24) and the D4 receptor is prevalent in frontal-subcortical networks implicated in the pathophysiology of ADHD by neuroimaging and neuropsychological studies.(25) Researchers have predominantly”
BackgroundEpinephrine and Norepinephrine Act as Potent Agonists at the Recombinant Human Dopamine D4 Receptor
Lanau, F., Zenner, M.-T., Civelli, O., & Hartman, D. S. (1997) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1046/j.1471-4159.1997.68020804.x · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Payton, A., Holmes, J., Barrett, J., Hever, T., Fitzpatrick, H., Trumper, A., Harrington, R., McGuffin, P., O'DONOVAN, M., Owen, M., et al. (2001) · American journal of medical genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.1407 · Cited by 132 · cited 1× · see citing works
“The 4 and 5 repeat alleles of this promoter-region VNTR were also significantly associated with ADHD in a sample of 133 Israeli families,(73) but not in a similarly-sized family-based study by Lawson and colleagues(74) A CA-repeat microsatellite in intron 2 was associated with ADHD(75) in 82 Chinese, but this was not…”
BackgroundHawi, Z., Lowe, N., Kirley, A., Gruenhage, F., Nöthen, M., Greenwood, T. A., Kelsoe, J., Fitzgerald, M., & Gill, M. (2003) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4001290 · Cited by 132 · cited 1× · see citing works
“5 kb 50 to the transcription start site.(50) Meta-analysis of 14”
BackgroundAsherson, P., Brookes, K., Franke, B., Chen, W., Gill, M., Ebstein, R. P., Buitelaar, J., Banaschewski, T., Sonuga-Barke, E., Eisenberg, J., et al. (2007) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.164.4.674 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Self-citationManor, I., Tyano, S., Eisenberg, J., Bachner-Melman, R., Kotler, M., & Ebstein, R. P. (2002) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4001078 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Genome-wide association scan of the time to onset of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Lasky-Su, J., Anney, R., Neale, B., Franke, B., Zhou, K., Maller, J., Vásquez, A., Chen, W., Asherson, P., Buitelaar, J., et al. (2008) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.30869 · Cited by 125 · cited 1× · see citing works
“No finding achieved genomewide significance (ie, a P-value of <5x10 (8)) in the primary analysis of the ADHD diagnosis(160) but this analysis and several exploratory analyses implicated some novel genes that require further study.(161,162) Of interest, one of the exploratory analyses”
ResultSelf-citationKent, L., Green, E., Hawi, Z., Kirley, A., Dudbridge, F., Lowe, N., Raybould, R., Langley, K., Bray, N., Fitzgerald, M., et al. (2005) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4001696 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Cantwell, D. P. (1975) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1975.tb01275.x · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Smith, K., Daly, M., Fischer, M., Yiannoutsos, C., Bauer, L., Barkley, R., & Navia, B. (2003) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.20005 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Román, T., Schmitz, M., Polanczyk, G., Eizirik, M., Rohde, L., & Hutz, M. (2002) · American journal of medical genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.10194 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Biased paternal transmission of SNAP-25 risk alleles in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
Kustanovich, V., Merriman, B., McGough, J., McCracken, J. T., Smalley, S. L., & Nelson, S. F. (2003) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4001247 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Quist, J., Barr, C., Schachar, R., Roberts, W., Malone, M., Tannock, R., Basile, V., Beitchman, J., & Kennedy, J. (2000) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4000779 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Todd, R. D., Lobos, E. A., Sun, L.-W., & Neuman, R. J. (2003) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4001257 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Kustanovich, V., Ishii, J., Crawford, L., Yang, M. H., McGough, J., McCracken, J. T., Smalley, S., & Nelson, S. F. (2004) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4001466 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Comings, D., Gade-Andavolu, R., Gonzalez, N., Blake, H., Wu, S., & MacMurray, J. P. (1999) · Clinical Genetics · doi:10.1034/j.1399-0004.1999.550304.x · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Association between the 5HT1B receptor gene (HTR1B) and the inattentive subtype of ADHD.
Smoller, J., Biederman, J., Arbeitman, L., Doyle, A., Fagerness, J., Perlis, R., Sklar, P., & Faraone, S. (2006) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.07.017 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Self-citationMill, J., Xu, X.-H., Ronald, A., Curran, S., Price, T., Knight, J., Craig, I., Sham, P., Plomin, R., & Asherson, P. (2005) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.30107 · Cited by 109 · cited 1× · see citing works
“nately the direction of effect was in the opposite direction: the risk allele was associated with lower hyperactivity scores.(43)”
ResultAssociation analysis of monoamine oxidase A and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Lawson, D. C., Turic, D., Langley, K., Pay, H. M., Govan, C. F., Norton, N., Hamshere, M. L., Owen, M. J., O'Donovan, M. C., & Thapar, A. (2003) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.10002 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Haplotype analysis of SNAP-25 suggests a role in the aetiology of ADHD
Mill, J., Richards, S., Knight, J., Curran, S., Taylor, E., & Asherson, P. (2004) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4001482 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Zoroglu, S., Erdal, M., Alaşehirli, B., Erdal, N., Si̇vasli, E., Tutkun, H., Savaş, H., & Herken, H. (2002) · Neuropsychobiology · doi:10.1159/000063667 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Bellgrove, M., Hawi, Z., Lowe, N., Kirley, A., Robertson, I., & Gill, M. (2005) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.30193 · Cited by 105 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Thus, they conclude that such risk alleles have dissociable effects on cognition in ADHD children.(46)”
BackgroundPurper-Ouakil, D., Wohl, M., Mouren, M., Verpillat, P., Adés, J., & Gorwood, P. (2005) · Psychiatric Genetics · doi:10.1097/00041444-200503000-00009 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Retz, W., R�sler, M., Supprian, T., Retz-Junginger, P., & Thome, J. (2003) · Journal of Neural Transmission · doi:10.1007/s00702-002-0805-5 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Levitan, R., Masellis, M., Lam, R. W., Muglia, P., Basile, V., Jain, U., Kaplan, A. S., Tharmalingam, S., Kennedy, S. H., & Kennedy, J. (2004) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/sj.npp.1300314 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Temperament and character profiles and the dopamine D4 receptor gene in ADHD.
Lynn, D., Lubke, G., Yang, M. H., McCracken, J., McGough, J., Ishii, J., Loo, S., Nelson, S., & Smalley, S. (2005) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.162.5.906 · Cited by 97 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Two studies have provided evidence documenting strength of a DRD4-ADHD relationship relative to other phenotypes hypothesized to also be associated with DRD4: autism(48) and a novelty seeking temperament.(49) Grady and colleagues(48) found no”
BackgroundRomán, T., Schmitz, M., Polanczyk, G. V., Eizirik, M., Rohde, L., & Hutz, M. (2003) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B Neuropsychiatric Genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.20018 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
The norepinephrine transporter gene and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.
Barr, C., Kroft, J., Feng, Y., Wigg, K., Roberts, W., Malone, M., Ickowicz, A., Schachar, R., Tannock, R., & Kennedy, J. (2002) · American journal of medical genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.10193 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Association study of a SNAP-25 microsatellite and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
Mill, J., Curran, S., Kent, L., Gould, A., Huckett, L., Richards, S., Taylor, E., & Asherson, P. (2002) · American journal of medical genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.10253 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
The serotonin transporter gene as a QTL for ADHD
Curran, S., Purcell, S., Craig, I., Asherson, P., & Sham, P. (2005) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.30118 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Turic, D., Langley, K., Mills, S., Stephens, M., Lawson, D. C., Govan, C., Williams, N. M., van den Bree, M. V. D., Craddock, N., Kent, L., et al. (2004) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4001387 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Rowe, D. C., Stever, C., Chase, D., Sherman, S. L., Abramowitz, A. J., & Waldman, I. (2001) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4000874 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Association and linkage of α-2A adrenergic receptor gene polymorphisms with childhood ADHD
Park, L., Nigg, J., Waldman, I., Nummy, K., Huang-Pollock, C., Rappley, M., & Friderici, K. (2005) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4001605 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Domschke, K., Sheehan, K., Lowe, N., Kirley, A., Mullins, C., O’Sullivan, R. J., Freitag, C., Becker, T., Conroy, J., Fitzgerald, M., et al. (2005) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.30158 · Cited by 89 · cited 1× · see citing works
“The 4 and 5 repeat alleles of this promoter-region VNTR were also significantly associated with ADHD in a sample of 133 Israeli families,(73) but not in a similarly-sized family-based study by Lawson and colleagues(74) A CA-repeat microsatellite in intron 2 was associated with ADHD(75) in 82 Chinese, but this was not…”
BackgroundEl-Faddagh, M., Laucht, M., Maras, A., Vöhringer, L., & Schmidt, M. H. (2004) · Journal of neural transmission · doi:10.1007/s00702-003-0054-2 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Collaborative analysis of DRD4 and DAT genotypes in population-defined ADHD subtypes.
Todd, R., Huang, H.-Y., Smalley, S., Nelson, S., Willcutt, E., Pennington, B., Smith, S. D., Faraone, S., & Neuman, R. J. (2005) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2005.01517.x · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Self-citationTodd, R. D., Neuman, R. J., Lobos, E., Jong, Y. I., Reich, W., & Heath, A. C. (2001) · American journal of medical genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.1403 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Cheuk, D., & Wong, V. (2006) · Behavior Genetics · doi:10.1007/s10519-006-9076-5 · Cited by 85 · cited 1× · see citing works
“a weak association with ADHD and the dopamine transporter gene (SLC6A3, 480bp VNTR in the 30 untranslated region [UTR]),(18,21,22) but no association with the catechol-O-methyltransferase gene (COMT, Val108Met polymorphism).(23)”
BackgroundNature, Nurture, and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Faraone, S., & Biederman, J. (2000) · Developmental Review · doi:10.1006/drev.2000.0515 · Cited by 78 · cited 1× · see citing works
“had ADHD to be increased by between two- and eightfold, with similarly elevated risk among siblings.(3) Faraone and colleagues(4) extended these findings to families ascertained through adult probands meeting Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental”
BackgroundSelf-citationAssociation between alpha-2a-adrenergic receptor gene and ADHD inattentive type.
Schmitz, M., Denardin, D., Silva, T. L., Pianca, T., Román, T., Hutz, M., Faraone, S., & Rohde, L. (2006) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.02.035 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Self-citationCharacterizing the ADHD phenotype for genetic studies.
Stevenson, J., Asherson, P., Hay, D., Levy, F., Swanson, J., Thapar, A., & Willcutt, E. (2005) · Developmental Science · doi:10.1111/j.1467-7687.2005.00398.x · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Rommelse, N. N. J., Arias-Vásquez, A., Altink, M. E., Buschgens, C. J. M., Fliers, E., Asherson, P., Faraone, S. V., Buitelaar, J. K., Sergeant, J. A., Oosterlaan, J., et al. (2008) · The American Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2008.06.006 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Self-citationA Comparison of Molecular Alterations in Environmental and Genetic Rat Models of ADHD: a pilot study
Dasbanerjee, T., Middleton, F. A., Berger, D. F., Lombardo, J. P., Sagvolden, T., & Faraone, S. (2008) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.30877 · Cited by 74 · cited 1× · see citing works
“The lack of significant results from the IMAGE project(91) is consistent with the negative meta-analysis conducted by Cheuk and colleagues(23) Although these association studies rule out a simple role for the Val108Met polymorphism in the etiology of ADHD, it is of note that COMT hass been found to be highly up-regula…”
ResultSelf-citationCarrasco, X., Rothhammer, P., Moraga, M., Henríquez, H., Chakraborty, R., Aboitiz, F., & Rothhammer, F. (2006) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.30259 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
The DRD2 TaqI polymorphism and symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Rowe, D. C., Oord, E. V. D., Stever, C., Giedinghagen, L. N., Gard, J. M. C., Cleveland, H., Gilson, M., Terris, S. T., Mohr, J., Sherman, S., et al. (1999) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4000567 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Linkage Analysis of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Faraone, S., Doyle, A., Lasky-Su, J., Sklar, P., D'Angelo, E., Gonzalez-Heydrich, J., Kratochvil, C., Mick, E., Klein, K. L., Rezac, A. J., et al. (2008) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.30631 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Self-citationArcos-Burgos, M., Castellanos, F., Konecki, D., Lopera, F., Pineda, D., Palacio, J., Rapoport, J., Berg, K., Bailey-Wilson, J., & Muenke, M. (2004) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4001396 · Cited by 68 · cited 1× · see citing works
“isolated community in Columbia implicated 8q12, 11q23, 4q13, 17p11, 12q23, and 8p23.(12) Pooled analyses(10,11) suggest that the genetic background in the differing populations is distinct and that the lack of consistent findings is a reflection of this between-population heterogeneity,(13) but did identify an area of…”
The SNAP25 gene as a susceptibility gene contributing to attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
Feng, Y., Crosbie, J., Wigg, K., Pathare, T., Ickowicz, A., Schachar, R., Tannock, R., Roberts, W., Malone, M., Swanson, J., et al. (2005) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4001762 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
(2007) · The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1017/s1461145706006699 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Kim, J.-W., Biederman, J., Arbeitman, L., Fagerness, J., Doyle, A., Petty, C., Perlis, R., Purcell, S., Smoller, J. W., Faraone, S., et al. (2007) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.30522 · Cited by 65 · cited 3× · see citing works
“Stratification by psychiatric comorbidity further suggested that subjects with ADHD and comorbid depression may demonstrate stronger association with SNPs in SNAP-25.”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationAdams, J. H., Crosbie, J., Wigg, K., Ickowicz, A., Pathare, T., Roberts, W., Malone, M., Schachar, R., Tannock, R., Kennedy, J., et al. (2004) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4001455 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
DAT1, DRD4, and DRD5 polymorphisms are not associated with ADHD in Dutch families
Bakker, S., van der Meulen, E. M., Oteman, N., Schelleman, H., Pearson, P. L., Buitelaar, J., & Sinke, R. (2005) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.30089 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Linkage studies between attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and the monoamine oxidase genes.
Jiang, S., Xin, R., Lin, S.-C., Qian, Y., Tang, G., Wang, D.-X., & Wu, X.-D. (2001) · American journal of medical genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.10098 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Xu, C., Schachar, R., Tannock, R., Roberts, W., Malone, M., Kennedy, J., & Barr, C. (2001) · American journal of medical genetics · doi:10.1002/1096-8628(2001)9999:9999 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
A Longitudinal Look at Parent–Child Diagnostic Agreement in Youth Treated for Anxiety Disorders
Safford, S., Kendall, P., Flannery-Schroeder, E. C., Webb, A., & Sommer, H. (2005) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1207/s15374424jccp3404_16 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Xu, X.-H., Mill, J., Zhou, K., Brookes, K., Chen, C.-K., & Asherson, P. (2007) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.30406 · Cited by 60 · cited 1× · see citing works
“found significant over transmission of the C720T allele in Taiwanese, but not UK, ADHD families.(159) Twenty SNPs in the BDNF gene were tagged for the IMAGE project, but none were statistically significantly associated with ADHD.”
BackgroundWaldman, I., Nigg, J., Gizer, I., Park, L., Rappley, M., & Friderici, K. (2006) · Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3758/cabn.6.1.18 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Xu, X.-H., Knight, J., Brookes, K., Mill, J., Sham, P., Craig, I., Taylor, E., & Asherson, P. (2005) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.30160 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Levitan, R., Masellis, M., Basile, V., Lam, R. W., Jain, U., Kaplan, A. S., Kennedy, S. H., Siegel, G., Walker, M., Vaccarino, F., et al. (2002) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/s0165-0327(01)00372-x · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Ogdie, M. N., Bakker, S., Fisher, S., Francks, C., Yang, M. H., Cantor, R., Loo, S., van der Meulen, E. M., Pearson, P. L., Buitelaar, J., et al. (2006) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4001760 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Li, J., Wang, Y.-F., Zhou, R., Zhang, H.-B., Yang, L., Wang, B., & Faraone, S. (2007) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.30373 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Self-citationMcevoy, B. P., Hawi, Z., Fitzgerald, M., & Gill, M. (2002) · American journal of medical genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.10416 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Heiser, P., Dempfle, A., Friedel, S., Konrad, K., Hinney, A., Kiefl, H., Walitza, S., Bettecken, T., Saar, K., Linder, M., et al. (2006) · Journal of neural transmission · doi:10.1007/s00702-006-0584-5 · Cited by 54 · cited 1× · see citing works
“A coding polymorphism in the HTR2A receptor gene (His452Tyr) was associated with ADHD in,(118,122) but not in.(113,116) Li and colleagues(124) found significant over-transmission of the C-759T/G-697C haplotype within the HTR2C gene, but no association was observed in Bobb and colleagues(111) or in the IMAGE project.”
BackgroundBarr, C., Wigg, K., Wu, J., Zai, C., Bloom, S., Tannock, R., Roberts, W., Malone, M., Schachar, R., & Kennedy, J. L. (2000) · American journal of medical genetics · doi:10.1002/(sici)1096-8628(20000207)96:1 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Banerjee, E., Sinha, S., Chatterjee, A., Gangopadhyay, P., Singh, M., & Nandagopal, K. (2006) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.30296 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Lowe, N., Kirley, A., Mullins, C., Fitzgerald, M., Gill, M., & Hawi, Z. (2004) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.30071 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and the gene for dopamine Beta-hydroxylase.
Wigg, K., Zai, G., Schachar, R., Tannock, R., Roberts, W., Malone, M., Kennedy, J., & Barr, C. (2002) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.159.6.1046 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Román, T., Polanczyk, G. V., Zeni, C., Genro, J., Rohde, L., & Hutz, M. (2006) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4001743 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Gene for the serotonin transporter and ADHD: No association with two functional polymorphisms
Wigg, K., Takhar, A., Ickowicz, A., Tannock, R., Kennedy, J., Pathare, T., Malone, M., Schachar, R., & Barr, C. (2006) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.30247 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Serotonin 5‐HT1B receptor gene and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in Chinese Han subjects
Li, J., Wang, Y.-F., Zhou, R., Zhang, H.-B., Yang, L., Wang, B., Khan, S., & Faraone, S. (2005) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.30075 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Self-citationGuimarães, A. P., Zeni, C., Polanczyk, G. V., Genro, J., Román, T., Rohde, L., & Hutz, M. (2007) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.30400 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Wang, B., Wang, Y.-F., Zhou, R., Li, J., Qian, Q., Yang, L., Guan, L., & Faraone, S. (2006) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.30258 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Self-citationDeupree, J., Smith, S. D., Kratochvil, C. J., Bohac, D., Ellis, C., Polaha, J. A., & Bylund, D. B. (2006) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.30371 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Family-based association study of DAT1 and DRD4 polymorphism in Korean children with ADHD.
Kim, Y. S., Leventhal, B., Kim, S.-J., Kim, B.-N., Cheon, K., Yoo, H., Kim, S.-J., Badner, J., & Cook, E. (2005) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2005.08.025 · Cited by 43 · cited 1× · see citing works
“67).(30) Carrasco and colleagues(31) also failed to document an”
BackgroundMuglia, P., Jain, U., & Kennedy, J. (2002) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0166-4328(01)00438-7 · Cited by 43 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Ser9Gly polymorphism were also reported in a UK family-based study of 105 families(69) and a study of 39 families of ADHD adults.(85) Comings and colleagues(86) also found no evidence for association with ADHD and comorbid Tourrette Syndrome.”
BackgroundKIM, J.-W., PARK, C.-S., HWANG, J.-W., SHIN, M.-S., HONG, K.-E., CHO, S.-C., & KIM, B.-N. (2006) · Alcohol and Alcoholism · doi:10.1093/alcalc/agl034 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Bhaduri, N., Das, M., Sinha, S., Chattopadhyay, A., Gangopadhyay, P., Chaudhuri, K., Singh, M., & Mukhopadhyay, K. (2006) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.30225 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Grady, D., Harxhi, A., Smith, M., Flodman, P., Spence, M., Swanson, J., & Moyzis, R. (2005) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.30182 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and the adrenergic receptors α1C and α2C
Barr, C., Wigg, K., Zai, G., Roberts, W., Malone, M., Schachar, R., Tannock, R., & Kennedy, J. L. (2001) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4000863 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
No evidence for the association of DRD4 with ADHD in a Taiwanese population within-family study
Brookes, K., Xu, X.-H., Chen, C.-K., Huang, Y.-S., Wu, Y., & Asherson, P. (2005) · BMC Medical Genetics · doi:10.1186/1471-2350-6-31 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Comings, D., Gonzalez, N., Cheng, L.-P., & Macmurray, J. (2003) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.10056 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Tang, G., Ren, D., Xin, R., Qian, Y., Wang, D., & Jiang, S. (2001) · American journal of medical genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.1471 · Cited by 39 · cited 1× · see citing works
“One study of 69 Han Chinese trios found no association with a SNP (A218C) in intron 7.(137) A second study examined two SNPs among more than 350 Han Chinese youth with ADHD, with and without learning disability, and their families.”
BackgroundLi, J., Wang, Y.-F., Zhou, R., Wang, B., Zhang, H.-B., Yang, L., & Faraone, S. (2006) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2006.02.053 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Self-citationNon-stimulant treatments for ADHD
Biederman, J., & Spencer, T. (2009) · European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s007870070019 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Family‐based association study of the serotonin transporter gene polymorphisms in Korean ADHD trios
Kim, S.-J., Badner, J., Cheon, K., Kim, B.-N., Yoo, H., Kim, S.-J., Cook, E. H., Leventhal, B., & Kim, Y. S. (2005) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.30214 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Hawi, Z., Foley, D., Kirley, A., McCarron, M., Fitzgerald, M., & Gill, M. (2001) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4000903 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Li, J., Wang, Y.-F., Zhou, R., Zhang, H.-B., Yang, L., Wang, B., & Faraone, S. (2006) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2006.08.022 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Self-citationLi, J., Kang, C., Wang, Y.-F., Zhou, R., Wang, B., Guan, L., Yang, L., & Faraone, S. (2006) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.30320 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Self-citationXu, X.-H., Mill, J., Chen, C.-K., Brookes, K., Taylor, E., & Asherson, P. (2005) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.30203 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Inkster, B., Muglia, P., Jain, U., & Kennedy, J. (2004) · Psychiatric Genetics · doi:10.1097/01.ypg.0000107932.32051.1c · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Xu, X.-H., Brookes, K., Chen, C.-K., Huang, Y.-S., Wu, Y., & Asherson, P. (2007) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/1471-244x-7-10 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
DNA pooling analysis of ADHD and genes regulating vesicle release of neurotransmitters
Brookes, K., Knight, J., Xu, X., & Asherson, P. (2005) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.30216 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Lee, J., Laurin, N., Crosbie, J., Ickowicz, A., Pathare, T., Malone, M., Kennedy, J., Tannock, R., Schachar, R., & Barr, C. (2007) · Genes, Brain and Behavior · doi:10.1111/j.1601-183x.2007.00325.x · Cited by 25 · see citing works
No association between TPH2 gene polymorphisms and ADHD in a UK sample.
Sheehan, K., Hawi, Z., Gill, M., & Kent, L. (2007) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2006.10.043 · Cited by 25 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Brookes and colleagues also reported an association with rs1007023 which was in perfect LD with rs1386497 from Sheehan and colleagues(39) However, Brookes and colleagues did not replicate the finding reported by Walitza and colleagues(141) and Sheehan and colleagues was not able to replicate their earlier findings in…”
ResultAdrenergic alpha 2C receptor genomic organization: Association study in adult ADHD
Luca, V. D., Muglia, P., Vincent, J., Lanktree, M., Jain, U., & Kennedy, J. (2004) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.20171 · Cited by 25 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Two subsequent family-based analyses showed no evidence of association.(105,106) The former study also exam-”
BackgroundLi, J., Wang, Y.-F., Zhou, R., Zhang, H.-B., Yang, L., Wang, B., & Faraone, S. (2006) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.30260 · Cited by 24 · cited 1× · see citing works
“A second study examined two SNPs among more than 350 Han Chinese youth with ADHD, with and without learning disability, and their families.(138,139) Although neither SNP showed biased transmission individually, a haplotype composed of the A218 and G-6526 alleles appeared to be under-trans-”
BackgroundSelf-citationLi, J., Wang, Y.-F., Zhou, R., Wang, B., Zhang, H.-B., Yang, L., & Faraone, S. (2006) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2006.04.036 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Self-citationBhaduri, N., & Mukhopadhyay, K. (2006) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2006.03.036 · Cited by 18 · cited 1× · see citing works
“A -1021C>T polymorphism in the 50 flanking region of DBH has been shown to account for as much as 50% of plasma DBH activity and was associated with ADHD in the Han Chinese,(71) but not in a sample of Indian ADHD children.(67) Finally,”
BackgroundLi, J., Zhang, X., Wang, Y.-F., Zhou, R., Zhang, H.-B., Yang, L., Wang, B., & Faraone, S. (2006) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.30364 · Cited by 12 · cited 2× · see citing works
“significant under transmission of the C83097T/G83198A haplotype in the HTR4 gene, but no association with markers in HTR5A and HTR6(120) or HTR1D.(126) Genes for additional serotonin receptors (HTR1E and HTR3B) evaluated in the IMAGE project(39) have also failed to yield any significant association with ADHD.”
BackgroundSelf-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
13 of the 170 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 11
- [1]Faraone SV The Worldwide Prevalence of ADHD: Is it an American Condition? World Psychiatry 2003 2 2 104 113 16946911 PMC1525089
- [24]Faraone SV Biederman J Neurobiology of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder Biological Psychiatry 1998 44 10 951 958 9821559
- [53]Cook EH Association of attention deficit disorder and the dopamine transporter gene American Journal of Human Genetics 1995 56 993 998 7717410 PMC1801209
- [70]Zhang HB [Association between dopamine beta hydroxylase gene and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder complicated with disruptive behavior disorder] Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi 2005 43 1 26 30 15796803
- [78]Sery O Polymorphism of DRD2 gene and ADHD Neuro Endocrinol Lett 2006 27 12 16648784
- [81]Huang YS A family-based association study of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and dopamine D2 receptor TaqI A alleles Chang Gung Med J 2003 26 12 897 903 15008324
- [109]De Luca V Adrenergic alpha 2C receptor genomic organization: Association study in adult ADHD American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B (Neuropsychiatric Genetics) 2004 127B 65 67 15108182
- [111]Bobb AJ Support for association between ADHD and two candidate genes: NET1 and DRD1 Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2005 134B 1 67 72 15717291
- [137]Li J [Association between tryptophan hydroxylase gene polymorphisms and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder with or without learning disorder] Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2003 83 24 2114 8 14720417
- [151]Kent L Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha4 subunit gene polymorphism and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder Psychiatric Genetics 2001 11 1 37 40 11409698
- [161]Lasky-Su J Genome-wide association scan of quantitative traits for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder identifies novel associations and confirms candidate gene associations Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2008 147B 8 1345 1354 18821565
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The role of the posterior cingulate cortex in cognition and disease
Leech, R., & Sharp, D. J. (2014) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awt162 · Cited by 2,247 · see citing works
“ADHD has a strong hereditary component, and a number of candidate genes have been identified (Faraone et al., 2005).”
BackgroundDiscovery of the first genome-wide significant risk loci for ADHD
(2017) · doi:10.1101/145581 · Cited by 2,203 · see citing works
Self-citationGenetics of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Faraone, S. V., & Larsson, H. (2019) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-018-0070-0 · Cited by 1,338 · see citing works
Self-citationKooij, S. J., Bejerot, S., Blackwell, A., Caci, H., Casas-Brugué, M., Carpentier, P. J., Edvinsson, D., Fayyad, J., Foeken, K., Fitzgerald, M., et al. (2010) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/1471-244x-10-67 · Cited by 928 · see citing works
“genetic factors) of around 76% [56], indicating that”
The genetics of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Coghill, D., & Banaschewski, T. (2009) · Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1586/ern.09.78 · Cited by 734 · see citing works
Practitioner Review: What have we learnt about the causes of ADHD?
Thapar, A., Cooper, M., Eyre, O., & Langley, K. (2013) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2012.02611.x · Cited by 701 · see citing works
“First degree relatives of those with ADHD are two to eight times more likely than relatives of unaffected individuals to also show ADHD (Faraone et al., 2005).”
BackgroundAttention‐Deficit‐Hyperactivity Disorder: An Update
Dopheide, J. A., & Pliszka, S. R. (2009) · Pharmacotherapy The Journal of Human Pharmacology and Drug Therapy · doi:10.1592/phco.29.6.656 · Cited by 645 · see citing works
“A review of studies in twins showed that about 75% of the variance in ADHD traits is attributable to genetics.(20) Although several studies have identified many different chromosomal regions associated with ADHD, there is often minimal overlap among studies in terms of specific genes indentified.”
BackgroundCorbett, B. A., Constantine, L. J., Hendren, R., Rocke, D., & Ozonoff, S. (2009) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2008.02.005 · Cited by 584 · see citing works
“The etiology of both neurodevelopmental disorders has a strong genetic basis with heritability estimates for autism to be 0.9 (Baron-Cohen & Belmonte, 2005; Zafeiriou et al., 2006) and estimates for ADHD to be 0.7 (Faraone et al., 2005).”
BackgroundInfluentialPietikainen, P. (2019) · Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/0001-6918(64)90083-6 · Cited by 582
(2013) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2013.02.001 · Cited by 576
Bakermans‐Kranenburg, M. J., & van IJzendoorn, M. H. (2011) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579410000635 · Cited by 533 · see citing works
“Having a DAT 10-repeat allele has been found to increase the risk to develop ADHD (for meta-analyses, see Faraone et al., 2005; Maher, Marazita, Ferrell, & Vanyukov, 2002).”
BackgroundTripp, G., & Wickens, J. R. (2009) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2009.07.026 · Cited by 492 · see citing works
“In addition there is statistically significant evidence of association with DBH, HTR1B and SNAP-25 genes (Faraone et al., 2005), see also (Gizer et al.”
BackgroundStergiakouli, E., & Thapar, A. (2010) · Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment · doi:10.2147/ndt.s11322 · Cited by 489 · see citing works
“4.(1) It is interesting that half siblings of children with ADHD have a lower risk of developing the disorder than full siblings, further highlighting the important role of inherited factors in ADHD.”
InfluentialThe neuropharmacology of impulsive behaviour.
Pattij, T., & Vanderschuren, L. (2008) · TIPS - Trends in Pharmacological Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tips.2008.01.002 · Cited by 480 · see citing works
Patrick, R. P., & Ames, B. N. (2015) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.14-268342 · Cited by 505 · see citing works
Meta-Analysis of Genome-Wide Association Studies of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Neale, B. M., Medland, S. E., Ripke, S., Asherson, P., Franke, B., Lesch, K.-P., Faraone, S. V., Nguyen, T. T., Schäfer, H., Holmans, P., et al. (2010) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2010.06.008 · Cited by 450 · see citing works
“Previous work in ADHD has established a strongly heritable component to the phenotype, with genetic factors, across 20 twin studies, explaining approximately 76% of the phenotypic variance.(5-7) There appears to be substantial overlap between the two ADHD symptom dimensions hyperactivity/impulsivity and inattention.”
BackgroundSelf-citationThe genetics of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder in adults, a review
on behalf of the International Multicentre persistent ADHD CollaboraTion (IMpACT), Franke, B., Faraone, S. V., Asherson, P., Buitelaar, J., Bau, C. H. D., Ramos-Quiroga, J. A., Mick, E., Grevet, E. H., Johansson, S., et al. (2012) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/mp.2011.138 · Cited by 432 · see citing works
Self-citationPlichta, M. M., & Scheres, A. (2014) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2013.07.012 · Cited by 424 · see citing works
“In summary, the moderator model is interesting because it explicitly includes the genetic dimension that has been shown to be of great importance in ADHD (Faraone and Mick, 2010).”
BackgroundPotential Adverse Effects of Amphetamine Treatment on Brain and Behavior: A Review
Arcos-Burgos, M., Jain, M., Acosta, M. T., Shively, S., Stanescu, H., Wallis, D., Domené, S., Velez, J. I., Karkera, J., Balog, J. Z., et al. (2008) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/mp.2008.90 · Cited by 423 · see citing works
Self-citationA computational model of inhibitory control in frontal cortex and basal ganglia.
Wiecki, T. V., & Frank, M. (2011) · Psychology Review · doi:10.1037/a0031542 · Cited by 401 · see citing works
Lee, B., London, E. D., Poldrack, R. A., Farahi, J., Nacca, A., Monterosso, J. R., Mumford, J. A., Bokarius, A. V., Dahlbom, M., Mukherjee, J., et al. (2009) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3765-09.2009 · Cited by 374 · see citing works
Larsson, H., Chang, Z., D'Onofrio, B. M., & Lichtenstein, P. (2014) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291713002493 · Cited by 364 · see citing works
“58 ) M Z M ,M on oz yg ot ic m al e; M Z F, m on oz yg ot ic fe m al e; D Z M ,d iz yg ot ic m al e; D Z F, di zy go tic fe m al e. teacher ratings (Faraone et al. 2005; Burt, 2009), and the few studies that have explored the genetic impact on categorically defined ADHD (Sherman et al. 1997; Thapar…”
BackgroundInfluentialTripp, G., & Wickens, J. R. (2008) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2007.01851.x · Cited by 346 · see citing works
“In addition there is statistically significant evidence of association with DBH, HTR1B and SNAP-25 genes (Faraone et al., 2005).”
BackgroundCortese, S. (2012) · European Journal of Paediatric Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.ejpn.2012.01.009 · Cited by 335 · see citing works
Comorbidity of ADHD and dyslexia
Germanò, E., Gagliano, A., & Curatolo, P. (2010) · Developmental Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/87565641.2010.494748 · Cited by 331 · see citing works
“Heritability estimates of ADHD are generally in the range of 70–80% (Faraone et al., 2005); the mean heritability for ADHD was shown to be 77% (Biederman, 2005).”
BackgroundGut microbiome in ADHD and its relation to neural reward anticipation
Aarts, E., Ederveen, T. H. A., Naaijen, J., Zwiers, M. P., Boekhorst, J., Timmerman, H. M., Smeekens, S. P., Netea, M. G., Buitelaar, J. K., Franke, B., et al. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0183509 · Cited by 352 · see citing works
“ADHD is highly heritable [8, 9], and genetic studies have pointed to a role of dopamine-, noradrenaline-, and serotonin-related genes in ADHD [8], but these studies showed small effects suggesting that environmental factors also play a role in the etiology of ADHD.”
BackgroundA POPULATION-SPECIFIC HTR2B STOP CODON PREDISPOSES TO SEVERE IMPULSIVITY
Bevilacqua, L., Doly, S., Kaprio, J., Yuan, Q., Tikkanen, R., Paunio, T., Zhou, Z.-F., Wedenoja, J., Maroteaux, L., Diaz, S., et al. (2010) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature09629 · Cited by 321 · see citing works
Sonuga‐Barke, E. J. S., & Halperin, J. M. (2010) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2009.02195.x · Cited by 320 · see citing works
“The catecholamine hypothesis is further supported by genetic studies (Faraone et al., 2005) and by knock-out and lesion animal models (Arnsten & Li, 2005; Madras, Miller, & Fischman, 2005).”
MethodThe Child and Adolescent Twin Study in Sweden (CATSS)
Anckarsäter, H., Lundström, S., Kollberg, L., Kerekes, N., Palm, C., Carlström, E., Långström, N., Magnusson, P. K. E., Halldner, L., Bölte, S., et al. (2011) · Twin Research and Human Genetics · doi:10.1375/twin.14.6.495 · Cited by 300 · see citing works
“…ADHD, the heritability of the categorical condition was estimated at 91% (Levy et al., 1997), that of both the category and the trait at 75% according to a meta-analysis (Faraone et al., 2005), and that of ADHD-related traits in a large Dutch study by parent reports at 75% (Hudziak et al., 2005).”
BackgroundResultNeuroinflammation as a risk factor for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Dunn, G. A., Nigg, J. T., & Sullivan, E. L. (2019) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2019.05.005 · Cited by 299 · see citing works
“Ample evidence indicates that ADHD is highly heritable (Brikell et al., 2015; Faraone and Doyle, 2001; Faraone et al., 2005; Larsson et al., 2014; Martin et al., 2002) with one recent estimate putting heritability at 0.”
BackgroundVetter, V. L., Elia, J., Erickson, C., Berger, S., Blum, N., Uzark, K., & Webb, C. L. (2008) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.107.189473 · Cited by 296 · see citing works
Williams, N. M., Franke, B., Mick, E., Anney, R. J. L., Freitag, C. M., Gill, M., Thapar, A., O'Donovan, M. C., Owen, M. J., Holmans, P., et al. (2012) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2011.11060822 · Cited by 290 · see citing works
“The effect sizes of most associated genetic variants identified have been small (4, 5).”
BackgroundSelf-citationBeauchaine, T. P., & McNulty, T. (2013) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579413000746 · Cited by 288 · see citing works
“When viewed from this perspective, the importance of intervening early at all relevant levels of analysis becomes clear (Beauchaine et al., 2013; Beauchaine, Neuhaus, et al., 2008).”
BackgroundGenome-wide Association Scan of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Neale, B., Su, J., Anney, R., Franke, B., Zhou, K., Maller, J., Vásquez, A., Asherson, P., Chen, W., Banaschewski, T., et al. (2008) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.30866 · Cited by 288 · see citing works
“, 2008] and that the heritability of ADHD is in the region of 60–90% with an average across studies of 76%, makes this condition a promising target for molecular genetic studies [Faraone, 2004; Faraone et al., 2005].”
BackgroundResultInfluentialSelf-citationQuinn, P. O., & Madhoo, M. (2014) · The Primary Care Companion For CNS Disorders · doi:10.4088/pcc.13r01596 · Cited by 264 · see citing works
“42 Twin studies indicate 76% heritability in ADHD, but none of the candidate genes studied to date fully account for the risk of ADHD, suggesting that heritability results from a combination of genetic variations and interactions.”
BackgroundStoodley, C. J. (2014) · Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnsys.2014.00092 · Cited by 275 · see citing works
“Genetics in ADHD have focused on the dopamine and serotonin systems (e.g., DAT, DRD4, 5- HTT; Faraone et al., 2005), whereas studies of dyslexia have identified several candidate genes that are thought to be involved in early brain development, particularly neuronal migration (e.g., DYX1C1, DCDC2,…”
BackgroundLarsson, H., Dilshad, R., Lichtenstein, P., & Barker, E. (2011) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02379.x · Cited by 259 · see citing works
“In addition to a strong genetic predisposition to ADHD, environmental influences are estimated to account for 10 to 40% of the variance in liability for the disorder (Faraone et al., 2005).”
BackgroundKarama, S., Grizenko, N., Sonuga-Barke, E., Doyle, A., Biederman, J., Mbékou, V., Polotskaia, A., Ter-Stepanian, M., de Guzman, R., Bellingham, J., et al. (2008) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/1471-244x-8-45 · Cited by 258 · see citing works
“While environmental risk factors such as pregnancy complications [3], family dysfunction [4] and drug abuse during pregnancy [5] have all been implicated in the etiology of ADHD, there is overwhelming evidence from twin studies that genes also contribute to the development of ADHD [2,6,7].”
BackgroundLarsson, H., Anckarsater, H., Råstam, M., Chang, Z., & Lichtenstein, P. (2012) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02467.x · Cited by 254 · see citing works
Galéra, C., Côté, S., Bouvard, M., Pingault, J.-B., Melchior, M., Michel, G., Boivin, M., & Tremblay, R. (2011) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2011.138 · Cited by 252 · see citing works
Attention Deficit–Hyperactivity Disorder in Children and Adolescents
Feldman, H. M., & Reiff, M. I. (2014) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmcp1307215 · Cited by 245 · see citing works
Autism and ADHD: how far have we come in the comorbidity debate
Gargaro, B. A., Rinehart, N. J., Bradshaw, J. L., Tonge, B. J., & Sheppard, D. M. (2011) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2010.11.002 · Cited by 244 · see citing works
Cadmium Exposure and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in U.S. Children
Ciesielski, T. H., Weuve, J., Bellinger, D., Schwartz, J., Lanphear, B., & Wright, R. (2012) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.1104152 · Cited by 239 · see citing works
Biomarkers and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses
Scassellati, C., Bonvicini, C., Faraone, S. V., & Gennarelli, M. (2012) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2012.08.015 · Cited by 235 · see citing works
Self-citationTarver, J., Daley, D., & Sayal, K. (2014) · Child: Care, Health and Development · doi:10.1111/cch.12139 · Cited by 234 · see citing works
“With heritability estimates of around 0.7, ADHD is considered one of the most heritable psychiatric conditions (Faraone et al. 2005).”
BackgroundInfluentialGau, S., & Shang, C. (2010) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02215.x · Cited by 232 · see citing works
“Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been recognized as a common, early-onset, impairing, and heterogeneous neuropsychiatric disorder with high heritability (Faraone et al., 2005).”
BackgroundMill, J., & Petronis, A. (2008) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2008.01909.x · Cited by 228 · see citing works
“Family, twin, and adoption studies provide overwhelming evidence for an inherited contribution to the pathogenesis of ADHD, with heritability estimated to be about 70% (Faraone et al., 2005).”
BackgroundPoelmans, G., Pauls, D. L., Buitelaar, J. K., & Franke, B. (2011) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2010.10070948 · Cited by 223 · see citing works
ADHD and the Prefrontal Cortex
Arnsten, A. F. T. (2009) · The Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2009.01.018 · Cited by 220 · see citing works
The familial co-aggregation of ASD and ADHD: a register-based cohort study
Ghirardi, L., Brikell, I., Kuja-Halkola, R., Freitag, C. M., Franke, B., Asherson, P., Lichtenstein, P., & Larsson, H. (2018) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/mp.2017.17 · Cited by 220 · see citing works
Investigating the Contribution of Common Genetic Variants to the Risk and Pathogenesis of ADHD
Stergiakouli, E., Hamshere, M., Holmans, P., Langley, K., Zaharieva, I., Hawi, Z., Kent, L., Gill, M., Williams, N., Owen, M., et al. (2012) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2011.11040551 · Cited by 220 · see citing works
Preterm birth and poor fetal growth as risk factors of attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder
Sucksdorff, M., Lehtonen, L., Chudal, R., Suominen, A., Joelsson, P., Gissler, M., & Sourander, A. (2015) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.2015-1043 · Cited by 219 · see citing works
Congdon, E., Lesch, K. P., & Canli, T. (2008) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.30557 · Cited by 218 · see citing works
Artificial Food Colors and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Symptoms: Conclusions to Dye for
Arnold, L., Lofthouse, N., & Hurt, E. A. (2012) · Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1007/s13311-012-0133-x · Cited by 218 · see citing works
Potential Therapeutic Interest of Adenosine A2A Receptors in Psychiatric Disorders
Cunha, R. A., Ferré, S., Vaugeois, J., & Chen, J. (2008) · Current Pharmaceutical Design · doi:10.2174/138161208784480090 · Cited by 187 · see citing works
“Thus, the heritability of ADHD has been estimated to be between 0.5 and 0.9, which makes it the most heritable mental disorder among children.”
BackgroundInfluentialBonvicini, C., Faraone, S., & Scassellati, C. (2016) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/mp.2016.74 · Cited by 207 · see citing works
Self-citationLarsson, H., Rydén, E., Boman, M., Långström, N., Lichtenstein, P., & Landén, M. (2013) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.112.120808 · Cited by 203 · see citing works
Oxidative Stress and ADHD: A Meta-Analysis
Joseph, N., Zhang-James, Y., Perl, A., & Faraone, S. V. (2015) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/1087054713510354 · Cited by 203 · see citing works
“Although details about the pathogenesis of ADHD remain to be worked out, family, twin, and molecular genetic disorders suggest that it has a strong genetic component (Faraone & Mick, 2010).”
Self-citationRussell, G., Ford, T., Rosenberg, R., & Kelly, S. E. (2013) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines · doi:10.1111/jcpp.12170 · Cited by 200 · see citing works
“An average estimate of heritability of ADHD was derived at 76%, from 20 twin studies (Faraone et al., 2005) although the effect of gene-environment interactions are hard to separate from purely genetic influences.”
BackgroundA Review of Neurofeedback Treatment for Pediatric ADHD
Lofthouse, N., Arnold, L. E., Hersch, S., Hurt, E. A., & deBeus, R. (2012) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/1087054711427530 · Cited by 200 · see citing works
“Etiology is not firmly established, but the preponderance of evidence suggests that ADHD is a highly heritable disorder (heritability estimate = 76%; Faraone et al., 2005), with abnormalities of neuroanatomy (reduced cortical white and gray matter volume; Sowell et al., 2003), neurochemistry…”
BackgroundInfluentialOades, R. D., Lasky-Su, J., Christiansen, H., Faraone, S. V., Sonuga-Barke, E. J. S., Banaschewski, T., Chen, W., Anney, R. J. L., Buitelaar, J. K., Ebstein, R. P., et al. (2008) · Behavioral and Brain Functions · doi:10.1186/1744-9081-4-48 · Cited by 200 · see citing works
“In particular, this article focuses on serotonin activity, [4]) and heritable features of ADHD, where a 70–80% heritability has been clearly demonstrated [5].”
Self-citationGreven, C. U., Bralten, J., Mennes, M., O’Dwyer, L., van Hulzen, K. J. E., Rommelse, N., Schweren, L. J. S., Hoekstra, P. J., Hartman, C. A., Heslenfeld, D., et al. (2015) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2014.3162 · Cited by 198 · see citing works
Self-citationAssociations between Maternal Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms and Parenting
Chronis-Tuscano, A., Raggi, V. L., Clarke, T. L., Rooney, M. E., Diaz, Y., & Pian, J. (2008) · Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology · doi:10.1007/s10802-008-9246-4 · Cited by 196 · see citing works
“Mothers were not selected on the basis of an ADHD diagnosis, but were expected to display a broader rage of ADHD symptoms than would be expected in the general population given the strong heritability of ADHD (Faraone et al. 2005).”
BackgroundInfluentialRecent Developments in Neuropsychological Models of Childhood Psychiatric Disorders
Willcutt, E. G., Sonuga-Barke, E. J. S., Nigg, J. T., & Sergeant, J. A. (2008) · Advances in Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1159/000118526 · Cited by 193 · see citing works
Instanes, J. T., Halmøy, A., Engeland, A., Haavik, J., Furu, K., & Klungsøyr, K. (2017) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2015.11.024 · Cited by 192 · see citing works
Meta-Analysis of Genome-Wide Linkage Scans of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Zhou, K., Dempfle, A., Arcos-Burgos, M., Bakker, S., Banaschewski, T., Biederman, J., Buitelaar, J., Castellanos, F., Doyle, A., Ebstein, R. P., et al. (2008) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.30878 · Cited by 191 · see citing works
“Family and twin studies have consistently shown that genetic factors play an important role in ADHD etiology with heritability estimated around 76% [Faraone et al., 2005].”
BackgroundSelf-citationThe neurobiological basis of ADHD
Curatolo, P., D'Agati, E., & Moavero, R. (2010) · Italian Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1186/1824-7288-36-79 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
“Candidate gene studies of ADHD have produced substantial evidence implicating several genes in the etiology of the disorder, with meta-analyses supportive of a role of the genes coding for DRD4, DRD5, SLC6A3, SNAP-25, and HTR1B [ 20 ].”
Martin, J., Hamshere, M. L., Stergiakouli, E., O’Donovan, M. C., & Thapar, A. (2014) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2014.02.013 · Cited by 187 · see citing works
Groman, S. M., James, A. S., & Jentsch, J. D. (2008) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2008.08.008 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
“Moreover, genetic variation in the gene encoding the dopamine transporter may play a role in the hyperactive and impulsive behavior of SHR rats (Mill et al. 2005), an effect notable due to the fact that variation in the dopamine transporter gene associates with ADHD in humans (Faraone et al. 2005).”
BackgroundInfluentialBuske-Kirschbaum, A., Schmitt, J., Plessow, F., Romanos, M., Weidinger, S., & Roessner, V. (2013) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2012.09.017 · Cited by 179 · see citing works
“Meta-analyses point to a particular role of the candidate genes coding for DRD4, DRD5, SLC6A3, SNAP-25, HTR1B and NET which are associated with neurotransmission and synaptic plasticity in the dopaminergic, serotonergic and noradrenergic system (Faraone and Mick, 2010; Gizer et al., 2009).”
Maternal Smoking and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Offspring: A Meta-analysis
Huang, L., Wang, Y., Zhang, L., Zheng, Z., Zhu, T., Qu, Y., & Mu, D. (2018) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.2017-2465 · Cited by 179 · see citing works
SNAP-25, a Known Presynaptic Protein with Emerging Postsynaptic Functions
Antonucci, F., Corradini, I., Fossati, G., Tomasoni, R., Menna, E., & Matteoli, M. (2016) · Frontiers in Synaptic Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnsyn.2016.00007 · Cited by 175 · see citing works
Socioeconomic Associations with ADHD: Findings from a Mediation Analysis
Russell, A., Ford, T., & Russell, G. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0128248 · Cited by 175 · see citing works
ADHD-like behavior and entrepreneurial intentions
Verheul, I., Block, J., Burmeister-Lamp, K., Thurik, R., Tiemeier, H., & Turturea, R. (2013) · Small Business Economics · doi:10.1007/s11187-015-9642-4 · Cited by 175 · see citing works
“2014) with genetics contributing to about 60–75 % of cases (Cortese 2012; Faraone et al. 2005).”
BackgroundIqbal, Z., Vandeweyer, G., van der Voet, M., Waryah, A., Zahoor, M., Besseling, J., Roca, L. T., Silfhout, A. T. V.-V., Nijhof, B., Kramer, J. M., et al. (2013) · Human Molecular Genetics · doi:10.1093/hmg/ddt043 · Cited by 175 · see citing works
“Both ADHD and ASD show a high estimated heritability of 76% (9) and 90% (8), respectively.”
BackgroundCase-Control Genome-Wide Association of Attention-Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder
Neale, B., Medland, S., Ripke, S., Anney, R., Asherson, P., Buitelaar, J., Franke, B., Gill, M., Kent, L., Holmans, P., et al. (2010) · Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2010.06.007 · Cited by 175 · see citing works
“That is not to say that these genes should be rejected from consideration, but rather that the effect sizes for each of these variants must be small if they are real effects, which is consistent with the meta-analyses of candidate gene studies.(10,11,16) We have considered the pathophysiological and clinical implicati…”
ResultSelf-citationChen, W., Zhou, K., Sham, P., Franke, B., Kuntsi, J., Campbell, D., Fleischman, K., Knight, J., Andreou, P., Arnold, R., et al. (2008) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.30672 · Cited by 173 · see citing works
“Molecular genetic studies using candidate gene association approaches have yielded positive findings with dopamine and related monoamine neurotransmitter genes, in particular with genetic variants of the dopamine transporter, dopamine D4 and D5 receptor genes [reviewed in Asherson and The Image Consortium, 2004; Farao…”
BackgroundResultSelf-citationDistinguishing comorbidity and successful management of adult ADHD
Kooij, J. J. S., Huss, M., Asherson, P., Akehurst, R., Beusterien, K., French, A., Sasané, R., & Hodgkins, P. (2012) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/1087054711435361 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
“ADHD has been demonstrated to have a neurobiological basis with 60% to 90% heritability (Faraone & Mick, 2010).”
BackgroundDopamine-serotonin interactions in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
Oades, R. (2008) · Progress in Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0079-6123(08)00926-6 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
Lesch, K.-P., Selch, S., Renner, T. J., Jacob, C., Nguyen, T. T., Hahn, T., Romanos, M., Walitza, S., Shoichet, S., Dempfle, A., et al. (2011) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/mp.2010.29 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Jackson, J. N. S., & MacKillop, J. (2016) · Biological Psychiatry: Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.bpsc.2016.01.007 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
“There is extensive evidence of the heritability of ADHD (42), including family, twin, and adoption studies (60-62).”
BackgroundRibasés, M., Ramos-Quiroga, J., Hervás, A., Bosch, R., Bielsa, A., Gastaminza, X., Artigas, J., Rodriguez-Ben, S., Estivill, X., Casas, M., et al. (2009) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4002100 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Checa-Ros, A., Jeréz-Calero, A., Molina-Carballo, A., Campoy, C., & Muñoz-Hoyos, A. (2021) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu13010249 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Reiersen, A. M., Constantino, J. N., Grimmer, M., Martin, N. G., & Todd, R. D. (2008) · Twin Research and Human Genetics · doi:10.1375/twin.11.6.579 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
“We cannot be certain whether our young adult selfreport SRS and ADHD items truly measure the same problems as ratings by outside observers; however, the genetic structure of our self-report SRS and ADHD scores is basically consistent with studies of SRS (Constantino & Todd, 2003) and ADHD (Faraone et al., 2005) sympto…”
Abbott, L. C., & Winzer‐Serhan, U. H. (2012) · Critical Reviews in Toxicology · doi:10.3109/10408444.2012.658506 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
“…dopamine β-hydroxylase, serotonin transporter, serotonin 5HT1B receptor, α2A adrenergic receptor, and synaptosomal-associated protein 25 gene (SNAP25) (Faraone et al�, 2005; Schmitz et al�, 2006; Becker et al�, 2008)� In addition, environmental factors contribute to the manifestation of ADHD� A…”
BackgroundKuntsi, J., Wood, A. C., Johnson, K. A., Andreou, P., Arias-Vasquez, A., Buitelaar, J. K., Rommelse, N. N. J., Sergeant, J. A., Sonuga-Barke, E. J., Uebel, H., et al. (2010) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.139 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
“Because of the high heritability of ADHD, which averages around 76%, etiological research has focused in particular on the role of genetic factors and the neurobiological processes that mediate genetic effects on behavior.(4) One approach to understanding the neurobiology of ADHD is to investigate brain function throu…”
Self-citationUebel, H., Albrecht, B., Asherson, P., Börger, N. A., Butler, L., Chen, W., Christiansen, H., Heise, A., Kuntsi, J., Schäfer, U., et al. (2010) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2009.02139.x · Cited by 161 · see citing works
“Twin and adoption studies yielded heritability rates of 76% (Faraone et al., 2005), but single risk-alleles contribute only slightly to the overall risk for ADHD (Castellanos & Tannock, 2002; Faraone et al.”
Self-citationPreventive Interventions for ADHD: A Neurodevelopmental Perspective
Halperin, J. M., Bedard, A., & Curchack, J. T. (2012) · Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1007/s13311-012-0123-z · Cited by 151 · see citing works
A review of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder from the perspective of brain networks
De La Fuente, A., Xia, S., Branch, C., & Li, X. (2013) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2013.00192 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
“Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder is considered one of the most hereditable disorders with an estimated mean heritability of 75% (Faraone, 2005).”
BackgroundMcClernon, F., & Kollins, S. (2008) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1196/annals.1441.016 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Tye, C., Asherson, P., Ashwood, K. L., Azadi, B., Bolton, P., & McLoughlin, G. (2014) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291713001049 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
“2011), which, combined with limited evidence of shared environmental effects on ADHD (Faraone et al. 2005; Burt, 2009; Wood et al. 2010; Burt et al. 2012), suggests that they are a marker of genetic risk in ADHD (Tye et al.”
BackgroundMiller, M. R., Musser, E., Young, G., Olson, B. F., Steiner, R., & Nigg, J. (2018) · JAMA pediatrics · doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2018.4076 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
Leijdesdorff, S., van Doesum, K. V., Popma, A., Klaassen, R., & van Amelsvoort, T. (2017) · Current Opinion in Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/yco.0000000000000341 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
A Neurogenetic Approach to Impulsivity
Congdon, E. L., & Canli, T. (2008) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.2008.00528.x · Cited by 144 · see citing works
“Results suggest that the association between the 10allele of the DAT and a diagnosis of ADHD is tenuous, showing only a small but significant main effect of DAT on ADHD (Faraone et al., 2005).”
BackgroundClaussen, A. H., Holbrook, J. R., Hutchins, H. J., Robinson, L., Bloomfield, J., Meng, L., Bitsko, R., O'Masta, B., Cerles, A. A., Maher, B., et al. (2022) · Prevention Science · doi:10.1007/s11121-022-01358-4 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
“…directly or through gene-environment interactions, are likely to play a significant role in whether symptoms become severe and impairing, thus warranting diagnosis and treatment (Faraone & Larsson, 2019; Faraone & Mick, 2010; Faraone et al., 2021; Freitag & Retz, 2010; Humphreys & Zeanah, 2015).”
Chronis-Tuscano, A., O'Brien, K., Johnston, C., Jones, H. A., Clarke, T. L., Raggi, V. L., Rooney, M. E., Diaz, Y., Pian, J., & Seymour, K. E. (2011) · Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology · doi:10.1007/s10802-011-9518-2 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
“Mothers were not selected on the basis of an ADHD diagnosis, but were expected to display a broader range of ADHD symptoms than would be present in the general population given the strong heritability of ADHD (Faraone et al. 2005).”
The comorbidity of ADHD and autism spectrum disorder
Antshel, K. M., Zhang-James, Y., & Faraone, S. V. (2013) · Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1586/14737175.2013.840417 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Self-citationHodgkins, P., Shaw, M., Coghill, D., & Hechtman, L. (2012) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-012-0286-5 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
“The aetiology of ADHD is complex, with multiple genetic and non-genetic factors implicated [22, 41].”
BackgroundFamily-Based Genome-Wide Association Scan of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Mick, E., Todorov, A., Smalley, S., Hu, X.-L., Loo, S., Todd, R., Biederman, J., Byrne, D., DeChairo, B., Guiney, A., et al. (2010) · Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2010.02.014 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Self-citationInsights into multimodal imaging classification of ADHD
Colby, J. B., Rudie, J. D., Brown, J. A., Douglas, P. K., Cohen, M. S., & Shehzad, Z. (2012) · Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnsys.2012.00059 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
“ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE published: 16 August 2012 doi: 10.3389/fnsys.2012.00059 Insights into multimodal imaging classification of ADHD”
BackgroundInfluential
- Authors
- Faraone, S. V., & Mick, E.
- Affiliations
- SUNY Upstate Medical University (US)
- Harvard University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Faraone, Stephen V.
- Venue
- Psychiatric Clinics of North America
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2010-03
- Volume
- 33
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 159-180
- ISSN
- 0193-953X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2847260
- OpenAlex
- W2168200222
- Cited by
- 411
- References
- 170
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 26 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 24 · 2017: 30 · 2016: 33 · 2015: 32 · 2014: 45 · 2013: 40 · 2012: 39
- FWCI
- 5.44
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Psychiatric Clinics of North America (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH066877, R13MH059126)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic Associations and Epidemiology
- Keywords
- attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, genetic etiology, heritability, genome-wide linkage analysis, genome-wide association study, candidate genes, DBH, monoamine oxidase A, norepinephrine transporter, serotonin transporter, CHRNA4, GRIN2A, DRD4, DRD5, dopamine transporter, SNAP-25, 5-HT1B receptor, dopamine, monoamine transporters, neurotransmitter systems
- MeSH terms
- Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Humans, Molecular Biology, Twins, Gene Expression, Prevalence, Genome-Wide Association Study
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
