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Cited by 277Smoking Behavior and CessationNutritional Studies and DietNutrition, Health and Food Behavior

Food and nutrient intake differences between smokers and non-smokers in the US.

Open access
Subar, A F, Harlan, L C, Mattson, M E·1990·American Journal of Public Health
DOI 10.2105/ajph.80.11.1323PMC PMC1404910
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Abstract

Data from the Second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were analyzed to determine food and nutrient intake differences between current smokers (also categorized as light, moderate, and heavy smokers) and non-smokers. Smokers in several age-race-sex categories have lower intakes of vitamin C, folate, fiber, and vitamin A than non-smokers, and intake tended to decrease as cigarette consumption increased, particularly for vitamin C, fiber, and folate. Smokers were less likely to have consumed vegetables, fruits (particularly fruits and vegetables high in vitamins C and A), high fiber grains, low fat milk, and vitamin and mineral supplements than non-smokers. A negative linear trend was found between smoking intensity and intake of several categories of fruits and vegetables. These data suggest that the high cancer risk associated with smoking is compounded by somewhat lower intake of nutrients and foods which are thought to be cancer protective.

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  • Smokers tend to have lower intake of essential nutrients such as vitamin C, folate, fiber and vitamin A compared to non-smokers.

    “Data from the Second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey revealed that smokers tend to have lower intake of essential nutrients such as vitamin C, folate, fiber and vitamin A compared to non-smokers [19].”

    From Smoking and its impact on eating behavior: A review (2026) · cites this paper as [19]

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Authors
Subar, A. F., Harlan, L. C., & Mattson, M. E.
Affiliations
National Institutes of Health (US)
Venue
American Journal of Public Health
Publisher
American Public Health Association
Published
1990-11
Volume
80
Issue
11
Pages
1323-1329
ISSN
  • 0090-0036 (ISSN-L)
  • 1541-0048
DOI
10.2105/ajph.80.11.1323
PMC
PMC1404910
OpenAlex
W2081094634
Cited by
274
References
51
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 7
FWCI
6.74
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • American Journal of Public Health (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
  • Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Nutrition, Health and Food Behavior
Keywords
smoking, nutrient intake, dietary intake, vitamin C, folic acid, dietary fiber, vitamin A, fruit and vegetable intake, dietary supplements, smoking intensity, cancer risk, NHANES II
MeSH terms
Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Black or African American, Energy Intake, Diet, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Nutrition Surveys, Nutritional Status, Sex Factors, Smoking, United States, White People

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