Usefulness of bioelectric impedance and skinfold measurements in predicting fat-free mass derived from total body potassium in children.
Abstract
Despite the increasing use of tetrapolar whole-body bioelectric impedance (BI) analysis in the assessment of body composition, its usefulness in estimating fat-free mass (FFM) has not been evaluated in comparison with conventional skinfold anthropometry in children. We therefore compared 1) the intraobserver and interobserver reproducibility of BI and skinfold measurements and the derived FFM estimates, and 2) the predictability of FFM as calculated from measurements of total body potassium (TBK) using 40K spectrometry by equations based on either BI or skinfold measurements in 112 healthy children, adolescents, and young adults aged 3.9 to 19.3 y. A best-fitting equation to predict TBK-derived FFM from BI and other potential independent predictors was developed and cross validated in two randomly selected subgroups of the study population by stepwise multiple regression analysis. Although the technical error associated with BI measurements was much smaller than that of skinfold measurements, the reproducibility of BI-derived FFM estimates (intraobserver coefficient of variation [CV], 0.39%; interobserver CV, 1.23%) was only slightly better than that of FFM estimates obtained by use of weight and two skinfold measurements (0.62% and 1.39%, respectively). The cross validation procedure yielded the following best-fitting prediction equation: FFM = 0.65 x (height2/impedance) + 0.68 x age + 0.15 (R2 = 0.975, root mean square error = 1.98 kg, CV = 5.8%, 95% limits of agreement = -11.1% to +12.4%). Conventional anthropometry, using published equations to estimate FFM from skinfolds, slightly over-estimated TBK-derived FFM, but predicted FFM with precision similar to the best-fitting equation involving BI. Previously published FFM equations incorporating BI predicted TBK-drived FFM with variable predictive precision and accuracy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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All equations, including the two that showed no significant difference, showed high limits of agreement.
“However, all equations, including these two (15, 42), showed high limits of agreement, limiting their use at the individual level, for the subjects of this study.”
From Development and Cross-Validation of a Predictive Equation for Fat-Free Mass in Brazilian Adolescents by Bioelectrical Impedance (2022) · cites this paper as [42]
When comparing the predicted mean FFM values with those obtained by the reference technique, only two equations showed no significant difference.
“When comparing the predicted mean FFM values with those obtained by the reference technique, only two equations showed no significant difference (15, 42).”
From Development and Cross-Validation of a Predictive Equation for Fat-Free Mass in Brazilian Adolescents by Bioelectrical Impedance (2022) · cites this paper as [42]
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“However, all equations, including these two (15, 42), showed high limits of agreement, limiting their use at the individual level, for the subjects of this study.”
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- Authors
- Schaefer, F., Georgi, M., Zieger, A., & Schärer, K.
- Affiliations
- University Hospital Heidelberg (DE)
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (DE)
- Venue
- Pediatric Research
- Published
- 1994-05
- Volume
- 35
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 617-624
- ISSN
- 0031-3998 (ISSN-L)
- 1530-0447
- OpenAlex
- W2011280222
- Cited by
- 260
- References
- 8
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 14
- FWCI
- 2.94
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Pediatric Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Body Composition Measurement Techniques
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Electrical and Bioimpedance Tomography
- Keywords
- bioelectric impedance, skinfold thickness, fat-free mass, total body potassium, body composition, children, adolescents, measurement reproducibility, prediction equations, anthropometry
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Anthropometry, Body Composition, Child, Child, Preschool, Evaluation Studies as Topic, Female, Humans, Male, Potassium, Reference Values, Regression Analysis, Skinfold Thickness, Reproducibility of Results, Electric Impedance
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