Short sleep duration in middle childhood: risk factors and consequences

Nixon, Gillian M.; Thompson, John M. D.; Han, Dug Yeo; Becroft, David M.; Clark, Phillipa M.; Robinson, Elizabeth; Waldie, Karen E.; Wild, Chris J.; Black, Peter N.; Mitchell, Edwin A.

doi:10.1093/sleep/31.1.71

Cited by 414Sleep and related disordersSleep and Wakefulness ResearchCircadian rhythm and melatonin

Short sleep duration in middle childhood: risk factors and consequences

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Nixon, Gillian M., Thompson, John M. D., Han, Dug Yeo, Becroft, David M., Clark, Phillipa M., Robinson, Elizabeth, Waldie, Karen E., Wild, Chris J. +2 more·2008·SLEEP

DOI 10.1093/sleep/31.1.71PMC PMC2225560

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Abstract

STUDY OBJECTIVES: To measure sleep duration in 7-year-old children; identify the determinants of sleep duration; and assess the association between short sleep duration and obesity, cognitive functioning, and behaviour. DESIGN: Longitudinal study with disproportionate sampling of the participants. SETTING: Community. PARTICIPANTS: 591 seven-year-old children, of whom 519 had complete sleep data. INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MEASUREMENTS: Sleep duration was assessed by actigraphy. Other measurements included height, weight, BMI, percentage body fat as assessed by bioimpedance assay, intelligence (WISC-III) and behaviour (Strengths & Difficulties questionnaire, parent and teachers Conners Rating Scales). RESULTS: Mean time in bed according to parental report was 10.9 hours (SD 0.8). Mean sleep duration by actigraphy was 10.1 (SD 0.8) hours. In multivariable analysis, sleep duration was longer on weekdays vs. weekend nights (31.5 min, P = 0.002), in winter (40.5 min), autumn (31.1 min), and spring (14.8 min) compared with summer (P <0.0001), and in those with younger siblings (11.7 min, P = 0.03). Sleep duration was shorter when bedtime was after 21:00 (-41.1 min, P <0.0001). In multivariable analysis, sleep duration <9 hours was associated with being overweight/ obese (BMI: OR = 3.32; 95% CI = 1.40, 7.87) with an increase of 3.34% body fat (P = 0.03), and this was not explained by physical activity or television watching. Short sleep duration was also associated with higher emotional lability scores (Conners Rating Scale Parent Form; P = 0.03). IQ (WISC-III) and attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder scores (both parent and teachers Conners Rating Scales) did not differ with sleep duration. CONCLUSIONS: Sleep duration in 7-year-old children varies considerably among individuals. The duration is affected by weekday, season, and having younger siblings. Importantly, short sleep duration was shown to be an independent risk factor for obesity/overweight.

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Short sleep duration has been associated with greater emotional lability.
“Short sleep duration has also been associated with greater emotional lability.18”
From Cognitive Performance, Sleepiness, and Mood in Partially Sleep Deprived Adolescents: The Need for Sleep Study (2016) · cites this paper as [18]

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Authors: Nixon, G. M., Thompson, J. M. D., Han, D. Y., Becroft, D. M., Clark, P. M., Robinson, E., Waldie, K. E., Wild, C. J., Black, P. N., & Mitchell, E. A.
Affiliations: Monash University (AU)
University of Auckland (NZ)
ORCID: Nixon, Gillian M.
Thompson, John M. D.
Han, Dug Yeo
Waldie, Karen E.
Wild, Chris J.
Mitchell, Edwin A.
Venue: SLEEP
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published: 2008-01
Volume: 31
Issue: 1
Pages: 71-78
ISSN: 0161-8105 (ISSN-L)
1550-9109
DOI: 10.1093/sleep/31.1.71
PMC: PMC2225560
OpenAlex: W1537660436
Cited by: 414
References: 54
Citations by year: 2026: 5 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 27 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 24 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 22 · 2016: 31 · 2015: 32 · 2014: 24 · 2013: 44 · 2012: 30
FWCI: 45.90
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: SLEEP (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
ResearchSpace (University of Auckland) (submittedVersion)
Funders: Health Research Council of New Zealand
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
Keywords: short sleep duration, middle childhood, children, bedtime timing, younger siblings, childhood obesity, overweight, fat mass, cognitive function, IQ, emotional lability, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, behavioral problems
MeSH terms: Activity Cycles, Australia, Body Constitution, Child, Child Behavior, Cognition Disorders, Female, Humans, Male, Obesity, Risk Factors, Seasons, Sleep Deprivation, Comorbidity, Causality, Body Mass Index, Multivariate Analysis, Sleep Disorders, Circadian Rhythm

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Short sleep duration in middle childhood: risk factors and consequences

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