Effects of Intermittent Fasting or Calorie Restriction on Markers of Lipid Metabolism in Human Skeletal Muscle
Abstract
Context: Impaired lipid metabolism is linked with obesity-associated insulin resistance, which may be reversed by caloric restriction (CR). Objective: In a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial, we compared the effects of intermittent fasting (IF) and CR on markers of lipid metabolism in muscle. Design: Seventy-six women (body mass index, 25-40 kg/m2) were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 diets for 8 weeks and provided foods at 70% (CR70 and IF70) or 100% (IF100) of energy requirements. IF groups ate breakfast prior to a 24-hour fast on 3 nonconsecutive days per week. On nonfasting days, IF70 ate at 100% and IF100 ate at 145% of energy requirements to achieve the prescribed target. Weight, body composition, insulin sensitivity by clamp, nonesterified fatty acids (NEFAs), β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), and markers of lipid metabolism and oxidative stress in muscle by quantitative polymerase chain reaction were measured at baseline and week 8 following a 12-hour overnight fast (all groups) and 24-hour fast (IF groups). Results: IF70 resulted in greater weight and fat loss and reduced NEFAs vs CR70 and IF100 after an overnight fast. IF70 and IF100 induced a greater reduction only in mRNA levels of antioxidant enzymes glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1), superoxide dismutase 1, soluble (SOD1), and SOD2 vs CR70. Fasting for 24 hours increased NEFAs and BHB in IF groups, but impaired insulin sensitivity and increased PLIN5 mRNA levels. Conclusions: In comparison to CR, IF did not increase markers of lipid metabolism in muscle, but reduced expression of antioxidant enzymes. However, fasting-induced insulin resistance was detected, alongside increased PLIN5 expression, potentially reflecting transient lipid storage.
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Caloric restriction can have a significant impact on weight loss and reduction of intramuscular fat accumulation through whole-body lipid oxidation.
“Regarding energy status, caloric restriction can have a significant impact on weight loss and reduction of intramuscular fat accumulation through whole-body lipid oxidation [77].”
From Mitochondrial Adaptation in Skeletal Muscle: Impact of Obesity, Caloric Restriction, and Dietary Compounds (2024) · cites this paper as [77]
In a study by Sparks et al., only subjects with baseline "more coupled" mitochondria benefited from caloric restriction, with improvements in muscle mitochondrial ATP synthesis rates and coupling.
“In a study by Sparks et al., only those subjects with a baseline of “more coupled” mitochondria benefited from caloric restriction, with improvements in muscle mitochondrial ATP synthesis rates and coupling [77].”
From Mitochondrial Adaptation in Skeletal Muscle: Impact of Obesity, Caloric Restriction, and Dietary Compounds (2024) · cites this paper as [77]
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- Authors
- Liu, B., Hutchison, A. T., Thompson, C. H., Lange, K., Wittert, G. A., & Heilbronn, L. K.
- Affiliations
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (AU)
- The University of Adelaide (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Heilbronn, Leonie K
- Venue
- The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
- Publisher
- The Endocrine Society
- Published
- 2020-10-08
- Volume
- 106
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- e1389-e1399
- ISSN
- 0021-972X (ISSN-L)
- 1945-7197
- OpenAlex
- W3092111908
- Cited by
- 39
- References
- 47
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 1
- FWCI
- 2.56
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- academic.oup.com/journals/pages/open_access/funder_policies/chorus/standard_publication_model (vor)
- Locations
- The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Adelaide Research & Scholarship (AR&S) (University of Adelaide) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Health and Medical Research Council (APP1023401)
- Australian Research Council (FT120100027)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Dietary Effects on Health
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Muscle Physiology and Disorders
- Keywords
- intermittent fasting, caloric restriction, skeletal muscle lipid metabolism, free fatty acids, beta-hydroxybutyrate, insulin resistance, oxidative stress, antioxidant enzymes, glutathione peroxidase 1, superoxide dismutase, perilipin 5, fat deposition, obesity, weight loss, fat loss
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Fasting, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Middle Aged, Mitochondria, Muscle, Obesity, Oxidation-Reduction, Biomarkers, Weight Loss, Muscle, Skeletal, Caloric Restriction, Overweight, Lipid Metabolism
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