The effect of intermittent energy and carbohydrate restriction v. daily energy restriction on weight loss and metabolic disease risk markers in overweight women
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Intermittent energy restriction may result in greater improvements in insulin sensitivity and weight control than daily energy restriction (DER). We tested two intermittent energy and carbohydrate restriction (IECR) regimens, including one which allowed ad libitum protein and fat (IECR+PF). Overweight women (n 115) aged 20 and 69 years with a family history of breast cancer were randomised to an overall 25 % energy restriction, either as an IECR (2500-2717 kJ/d, < 40 g carbohydrate/d for 2 d/week) or a 25 % DER (approximately 6000 kJ/d for 7 d/week) or an IECR+PF for a 3-month weight-loss period and 1 month of weight maintenance (IECR or IECR+PF for 1 d/week). Insulin resistance reduced with the IECR diets (mean - 0·34 (95% CI - 0·66, - 0·02) units) and the IECR+PF diet (mean - 0·38 (95% CI - 0·75, - 0·01) units). Reductions with the IECR diets were significantly greater compared with the DER diet (mean 0·2 (95% CI - 0·19, 0·66) μU/unit, P= 0·02). Both IECR groups had greater reductions in body fat compared with the DER group (IECR: mean - 3·7 (95% CI - 2·5, - 4·9) kg, P= 0·007; IECR+PF: mean - 3·7 (95% CI - 2·8, - 4·7) kg, P= 0·019; DER: mean - 2·0 (95% CI - 1·0, 3·0) kg). During the weight maintenance phase, 1 d of IECR or IECR+PF per week maintained the reductions in insulin resistance and weight. In the short term, IECR is superior to DER with respect to improved insulin sensitivity and body fat reduction. Longer-term studies into the safety and effectiveness of IECR diets are warranted.
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Attrition was comparable to other studies using intermittent ER.
“and was comparable to other studies using intermittent ER.47, 52, 54”
From Intermittent energy restriction improves weight loss efficiency in obese men: the MATADOR study (2018) · cites this paper as [52]
The Results (Study population; page not provided) report 23% attrition in this trial, which included intermittent energy-restriction groups. The Discussion (Limitations; page not provided) says this dropout was comparable with many weight-loss studies, but does not specify that those studies used intermittent energy restriction. (LLM, conf=0.85)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredTwo studies showed that intermittent continuous energy restriction (IER) was a similarly effective alternative to continuous energy restriction (CER) regarding weight loss.
“Two studies showed that intermittent continuous energy restriction (IER) was a similarly effective alternative to continuous energy restriction (CER) regarding weight loss [353,354].”
From Effects of diet, lifestyle, Chrononutrition and alternative dietary interventions on postprandial Glycemia and insulin resistance (2022) · cites this paper as [354]
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- Authors
- Harvie, M., Wright, C., Pegington, M., McMullan, D., Mitchell, E., Martin, B., Cutler, R. G., Evans, G., Whiteside, S., Maudsley, S., Camandola, S., Wang, R., Carlson, O. D., Egan, J. M., Mattson, M. P., & Howell, A.
- Affiliations
- University of Chester (GB)
- National Institute on Aging (US)
- Corresponding author
- Harvie, Michelle
- ORCID
- Venue
- British Journal Of Nutrition
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2013-04-16
- Volume
- 110
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 1534-1547
- ISSN
- 0007-1145 (ISSN-L)
- 1475-2662
- PMC
- PMC5857384
- OpenAlex
- W2118559133
- Cited by
- 431
- References
- 66
- Citations by year
- 2026: 16 · 2025: 26 · 2024: 35 · 2023: 38 · 2022: 50 · 2021: 80 · 2020: 56 · 2019: 28 · 2018: 28 · 2017: 27 · 2016: 21 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 10.68
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- British Journal Of Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Explorer (The University of Manchester) (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (Z99 AG999999)
- National Institute on Aging
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Dietary Effects on Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Diet and metabolism studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Keywords
- intermittent energy restriction, weight loss, weight maintenance, insulin resistance, insulin sensitivity, fat loss, overweight women, family history of breast cancer, protein and fat intake
- MeSH terms
- Adipose Tissue, Adult, Aged, Body Weight, Breast Neoplasms, Energy Intake, Diet, Reducing, Dietary Carbohydrates, Family Health, Female, Homeostasis, Humans, Insulin Resistance, Metabolic Diseases, Middle Aged, Patient Compliance, Weight Loss, Adiposity, Overweight, Diet, Carbohydrate-Restricted
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