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Gender and Puberty Interact on the Stress-Induced Activation of Parvocellular Neurosecretory Neurons and Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone Messenger Ribonucleic Acid Expression in the Rat
Abstract
Individual variations in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) function are most evident at or beyond the time of puberty, when marked changes in sex steroid release occur. To explore the nature by which gender differences in HPA function emerge we examined in prepubertal (∼30-d-old) and postpubertal (∼60-d-old) male and female rats HPA activity under basal conditions and in response to 30 min of restraint. Within the ACTH-regulating, medial parvocellular portion of the paraventricular nucleus, restraint-induced Fos protein and arginine vasopressin heteronuclear RNA were lower in 60- than in 30-d-old males. No such age-related shift in the response of these synaptic and transcriptional markers of cellular activation occurred in female rats. Basal CRH mRNA expression levels in the paraventricular nucleus increased with age in female but not male rats. Conversely, only male rats showed an age-related increase in basal CRH mRNA in the central amygdala, suggesting that neuronal and neurosecretory CRH-expressing cell types are subject to different pubertal and gender influences. We conclude that gonadal regulation of the HPA axis develops via distinct mechanisms in males and females. Puberty-related shifts in parvocellular neurosecretory function in males are emphasized by stress-induced shifts in neuronal activation, whereas biosynthetic alterations dominate in female rats.
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“Furthermore, these sex-dependent patterns are also observed in the activation of PVN neurons controlling HPA axis reactivity following stress (Larkin, Binks, Li, & Selvage, 2010; Seale, Wood, Atkinson, Harbuz, & Lightman, 2004; Viau, Bingham, Davis, Lee, & Wong, 2005).”
From Hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal and hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axes: sex differences in regulation of stress responsivity (2017) · cites this paper as Viau, Bingham, Davis, Lee, & Wong, 2005
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“Androgens and estrogen modulate cortisol synthesis in the adrenal cortex and CRH and AVP synthesis in the hypothalamus; the latter effect is mediated by sex hormone receptors in the amygdala (Viau, 2002; Viau et al., 2005)”
From The Adaptive Calibration Model of stress responsivity (2011) · cites this paper as Viau et al., 2005
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“In the PVN, neuronal activation following numerous stressors, as measured by the expression of immediate early genes such as c-Fos, is greater in females [6, 40, 45].”
Metadata
- Authors
- Viau, V., Bingham, B., Davis, J., Lee, P., & Wong, M.
- Affiliations
- University of British Columbia (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Viau, Victor
- Venue
- Endocrinology
- Publisher
- The Endocrine Society
- Published
- 2005-01-01
- Volume
- 146
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 137-146
- ISSN
- 0013-7227 (ISSN-L)
- 1945-7170
- OpenAlex
- W2159178030
- Cited by
- 266
- References
- 59
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 16 · 2012: 14
- FWCI
- 3.66
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Endocrinology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Michael Smith Health Research BC
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormones
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
- Keywords
- puberty, sex differences, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, corticotropin-releasing factor, paraventricular nucleus, parvocellular neurons, vasopressin, Fos protein, restraint stress, central amygdala, age-related changes, neurosecretion, rats
- MeSH terms
- Amygdala, Animals, Arginine Vasopressin, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone, Female, Gonads, Male, Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus, Pituitary-Adrenal System, Restraint, Physical, RNA, Heterogeneous Nuclear, RNA, Messenger, Sex Characteristics, Stress, Physiological, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Rats
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