The Arcuate Nucleus and the Control of Gonadotropin and Prolactin Secretion in the Female Rhesus Monkey (Macaca mulatta)*
Abstract
Attempts were made to destroy selectively the arcuate nucleus with radiofrequency current in adult female rhesus monkeys as a first step in identifying the areas of the mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH) that are responsible for the neural control of gonadotropin secretion in this species. Extensive or complete destruction of the arcuate region was produced in three animals and in two of these the lesion was confined primarily to the arcuate region and the dorsal aspect of the posterior median eminence. These lesions resulted in the cessation of LH and FSH secretion and blocked the positive feedback action of estradiol on gonadotropin release but did not appear to influence grossly basal thyroid and adrenocortical function, or to abolish GH discharge in response to insulin hypoglycemia. Adenohypophysial infarcts were not observed and exogenous LHRH and TRH induced marked discharges of the appropriate anterior pituitary hormones. In two additional animals with large hypothalamic lesions, destruction of the arcuate region was incomplete. In this group only partial inhibition of gonadotropin secretion was observed. LH and FSH secretion did not appear to be influenced in one animal bearing a large MBH lesion that entirely spared the arcuate region. Although serum prolactin remained at pre-lesion control levels after placement of the two relatively discrete lesions confined to the arcuate region, unambiguous increases in the secretion of this hormone were observed when the area of destruction encompassed tissue anterior and/or dorsal to the arcuate region. These observations suggest that the arcuate region is the primary structure mediating the hypothalamic control of gonadotropin secretion in the rhesus monkey. They also suggest that, in this species, the regions of the MBH involved with the regulation of gonadotropin release and those which control prolactin secretion are anatomically distinct.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Lesions of the arcuate nucleus have been shown to abolish LH pulsatility, consistent with the idea that there is a higher order input into the network of GnRH neurons regulating GnRH secretion.
“Although the mechanism that causes the pulsatility of the GnRH neuronal network can be intrinsic to the GnRH neurons themselves,37 lesions of the arcuate nucleus have been shown to abolish LH pulsatility, consistent with the idea that there is a higher order input into the network of GnRH neurons regulating GnRH secretion.38”
From Pubertal development and regulation (2016) · cites this paper as [38]
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Belchetz, P. E., Plant, T. M., Nakai, Y., Keogh, E. J., & Knobil, E. (1978) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.100883 · Cited by 1,385 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Neuroendocrine Control of the Menstrual Cycle
Knobil, E. (1980) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-571136-4.50008-5 · Cited by 1,285 · see citing works
Self-citationKisspeptins and Reproduction: Physiological Roles and Regulatory Mechanisms
Pinilla, L., Aguilar, E., Diéguez, C., Millar, R. P., & Tena‐Sempere, M. (2012) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00037.2010 · Cited by 802 · see citing works
“These observations seemed in agreement with the contention that, in contrast to rodents, the mechanisms for the generation of positive feedback and preovulatory gonadotropin surges in primates appear to reside within the ARC/infundibular nucleus (222, 347).”
ResultLehman, M. N., Coolen, L. M., & Goodman, R. L. (2010) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2010-0022 · Cited by 768 · see citing works
Wildt, L., Häusler, A., Marshall, G. R., HUTCHISON, J. S., Plant, T. M., Belchetz, P. E., & Knobil, E. (1981) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo-109-2-376 · Cited by 678 · see citing works
Self-citationPubertal development and regulation
Abreu, A. P., & Kaiser, U. B. (2016) · The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/s2213-8587(15)00418-0 · Cited by 611 · see citing works
Knobil, E., Plant, T. M., Wildt, L., Belchetz, P. E., & Marshall, G. (1980) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.6766566 · Cited by 390 · see citing works
Self-citationExperimental Induction of Puberty in the Infantile Female Rhesus Monkey
Wildt, L., Marshall, G. R., & Knobil, E. (1980) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.6986658 · Cited by 349 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Hypothalamic Control of the Menstrual Cycle and the Role of Endogenous Opioid Peptides
Ferin, M., Vugt, D. V., & Wardlaw, S. L. (1984) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-571140-1.50015-3 · Cited by 311 · see citing works
Ramaswamy, S., Guerriero, K. A., Gibbs, R. B., & Plant, T. M. (2008) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2008-0438 · Cited by 279 · see citing works
“rhesus monkeys resulted in a profound suppression of gonadotropin secretion without a generalized loss of hypophysiotropic control of the pituitary gland ( 28 ).”
BackgroundSelf-citationMenopausal flushes: a neuroendocrine link with pulsatile luteinizing hormone secretion
Casper, R. F., Yen, S. S. C., & Wilkes, M. M. (1979) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.462193 · Cited by 267 · see citing works
de la Escalera, G. M., Choi, A. L. H., & Weiner, R. I. (1992) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.89.5.1852 · Cited by 265 · see citing works
The Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Pulse Generator
Herbison, A. E. (2018) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2018-00653 · Cited by 261 · see citing works
Physiology of the Adult Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Neuronal Network
Herbison, A. E. (2014) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-397175-3.00011-9 · Cited by 255 · see citing works
Dubey, A. K., & Plant, T. M. (1985) · Biology of Reproduction · doi:10.1095/biolreprod33.2.423 · Cited by 217 · see citing works
Self-citationNeuroendocrine control of the onset of puberty
Plant, T. M. (2015) · Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2015.04.002 · Cited by 213 · see citing works
“The second hypothesis, which was generated by early findings that discrete lesions of the arcuate nucleus in the mediobasal hypothalamus of the female monkey abolished gonadotropin secretion without compromising the blood supply to the anterior pituitary [28], while surgical interruption of all neural inputs to this h…”
Self-citationGonadotrophin‐Releasing Hormone Pulse Generator Activity in the Hypothalamus of the Goat
Ohkura, S., Takase, K., Matsuyama, S., Mogi, K., Ichimaru, T., Wakabayashi, Y., Uenoyama, Y., Mori, Y., Steiner, R. A., Tsukamura, H., et al. (2009) · Journal of Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2826.2009.01909.x · Cited by 210 · see citing works
Neurokinin B and the hypothalamic regulation of reproduction
Rance, N. E., Krajewski, S. J., Smith, M. A., Cholanian, M., & Dacks, P. A. (2010) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2010.08.059 · Cited by 203 · see citing works
“Destruction of the arcuate nucleus in the rhesus monkey (with relative preservation of more lateral GnRH neurons) abolishes spontaneous and estrogen-induced LH secretion (Plant et al., 1978; Plant and Ramaswamy, 2009).”
BackgroundCatzeflis, C., Pierroz, D. D., Rohner‐Jeanrenaud, F., Rivier, J., Sizonenko, P. C., & Aubert, M. L. (1993) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo.132.1.8380374 · Cited by 206 · see citing works
Li, X., Kinsey‐Jones, J. S., Cheng, Y., Knox, A. M. I., Lin, Y., Petrou, N. A., Roseweir, A. K., Lightman, S. L., Milligan, S. R., Millar, R. P., et al. (2009) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0008334 · Cited by 194 · see citing works
“Nevertheless, the ARC is considered to be the prime location of the GnRH pulse generator in the rat [16], in common with other species including primates [17].”
BackgroundCasper, R. F., & Yen, S. S. C. (1979) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.377491 · Cited by 192 · see citing works
Neurobiological mechanisms underlying GnRH pulse generation by the hypothalamus
Maeda, K., Ohkura, S., Uenoyama, Y., Wakabayashi, Y., Oka, Y., Tsukamura, H., & Okamura, H. (2010) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2010.10.026 · Cited by 192 · see citing works
Han, S. Y., McLennan, T., Czieselsky, K., & Herbison, A. E. (2015) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1512243112 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
“Within this region, particular attention has been focused on the arcuate nucleus (ARN) (13, 14), where studies have also recorded multiunit activity that correlates with pulsatile LH secretion in a variety of mammals (15–18).”
BackgroundSilverman, A., Antunes, J. L., Abrams, G., Nilaver, G., Thau, R. B., Robinson, J. A., Ferin, M., & Krey, L. C. (1982) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.902110309 · Cited by 187 · see citing works
Self-citationPatterns of Hypophysiotropic Signals and Gonadotropin Secretion in the Rhesus Monkey12
Knobil, E. (1981) · Biology of Reproduction · doi:10.1095/biolreprod24.1.44 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
Self-citationGonadal Regulation of Hypothalamic Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone Release in Primates*
Plant, T. M. (1986) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/edrv-7-1-75 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Self-citationRamaswamy, S., Seminara, S. B., & Plant, T. M. (2011) · Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1159/000329045 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Self-citationKnobil, E. (1990) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/0002-9378(90)91435-f · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Self-citationKisspeptins and GnRH neuronal signalling
Colledge, W. H. (2008) · Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.tem.2008.10.005 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Flushing Reactions: Consequences and Mechanisms
Wilkin, J. K. (1981) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-95-4-468 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Vugt, D. A. V., LAM, N. Y., & Ferin, M. (1984) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo-115-3-1095 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Patterning, specification, and differentiation in the developing hypothalamus
Bedont, J. L., Newman, E. A., & Blackshaw, S. (2015) · Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews Developmental Biology · doi:10.1002/wdev.187 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Kisspeptin and GnRH Pulse Generation
Okamura, H., Tsukamura, H., Ohkura, S., Uenoyama, Y., Wakabayashi, Y., & Maeda, K. (2013) · Advances in experimental medicine and biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-6199-9_14 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Neuroendocrine Regulation of Puberty
Ojeda, S. R., & Bilger, M. (2000) · Humana Press eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-59259-707-9_12 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Plant, T. M. (1982) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo-110-6-1905 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Self-citationPlant, T. M. (2012) · Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2012.02.002 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Self-citationHUTCHISON, J. S., & Zeleznik, A. J. (1984) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo-115-5-1780 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Clayton, R. N., Channabasavaiah, K., STEWART, J. M., & Catt, K. J. (1982) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo-110-4-1108 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Neuroregulatory and neuroendocrine GnRH pathways in the hypothalamus and forebrain of the baboon
Marshall, P. E., & Goldsmith, P. C. (1980) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(80)90170-5 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Allaway, H. C. M., Southmayd, E. A., & De Souza, M. J. (2016) · Hormone Molecular Biology and Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1515/hmbci-2015-0053 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
HUTCHISON, J. S., & Zeleznik, A. J. (1985) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo-117-3-1043 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Circadian regulation of reproduction: From gamete to offspring
Boden, M. J., Varcoe, T. J., & Kennaway, D. J. (2013) · Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2013.01.003 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Eghlidi, D. H., Haley, G. E., Noriega, N. C., Kohama, S. G., & Urbanski, H. F. (2010) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2010-0198 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Kim, W., Jessen, H. M., Auger, A. P., & Terasawa, E. (2008) · Peptides · doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2008.06.005 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
“A series of studies by Knobil and collaborators have demonstrated that the MBH, not POA, is essential for reproductive function in primates (see reference [26]): Isolation of the MBH by complete deafferentation did not interfere with cyclic ovulation in female monkeys [28], whereas lesions in the arcuate nucleus aboli…”
BackgroundWang, L., & Moenter, S. M. (2020) · Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1159/000503006 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Krey, L. C., & Silverman, A. (1978) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(78)90027-6 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Self-citationPlant, T. M., & Ramaswamy, S. (2008) · Peptides · doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2008.06.029 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Self-citationLin, Y., Li, X., Lupi, M., Kinsey‐Jones, J. S., Shao, B., Lightman, S. L., & O'Byrne, K. T. (2010) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2010-1003 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
The electrophysiology of the GnRH pulse generator in the rhesus monkey
Knobil, E. (1989) · Journal of Steroid Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/0022-4731(89)90476-7 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Self-citationKisspeptin Excitation of GnRH Neurons
Rønnekleiv, O. K., & Kelly, M. J. (2013) · Advances in experimental medicine and biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-6199-9_6 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Bianco, S. D. C. (2012) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2012.00149 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Expanding the role of tachykinins in the neuroendocrine control of reproduction
Fergani, C., & Navarro, V. M. (2016) · Reproduction · doi:10.1530/rep-16-0378 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Immunocytochemistry of Neuroendocrine Systems
Krisch, B. (1980) · Progress in Histochemistry and Cytochemistry · doi:10.1016/s0079-6336(80)80001-5 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Plant, T. M. (2019) · F1000Research · doi:10.12688/f1000research.18356.2 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
“Indeed, the lesions earlier placed in the arcuate nucleus of the monkey that produced a profound decline in gonadotropin secretion 13 would have destroyed most of the kisspeptin perikarya.”
BackgroundSelf-citationHUTCHISON, J. S., Nelson, P. B., & Zeleznik, A. J. (1986) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo-119-5-1964 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Evidence That Dynorphin Acts Upon KNDy and GnRH Neurons During GnRH Pulse Termination in the Ewe
Weems, P. W., Coolen, L. M., Hileman, S. M., Hardy, S. L., McCosh, R. B., Goodman, R. L., & Lehman, M. N. (2018) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2018-00435 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE NEURONS AND PATHWAYS IN THE PRIMATE HYPOTHALAMUS AND FOREBRAIN
Goldsmith, P. C., Lamberts, R., & Brezina, L. R. (1983) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-521480-3.50009-3 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
A sex difference in neurodegeneration of the human hypothalamus
Schultz, C., Braak, H., & Braak, E. (1996) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/0304-3940(96)12787-7 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Zeleznik, A. J., & POHL, C. (2006) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-012515400-0/50050-6 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Kisspeptin expression in guinea pig hypothalamus: Effects of 17β‐estradiol
Bosch, M. A., Xue, C., & Rønnekleiv, O. K. (2011) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.23032 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
“In other species such as the guinea pig, sheep, and rhesus monkey the POA appears not to be the main region responsible for E2 positive feedback (Terasawa and Wiegand, 1978; Plant et al., 1978; Weick, 1981; King et al., 1998; Caraty et al., 1998).”
BackgroundCardenas, H., Ördög, T., O'Byrne, K. T., et al. (1993) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.90.20.9630 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Self-citationChappel, S. C., Resko, J. A., Norman, R. L., & Spies, H. G. (1981) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-52-1-1 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Stephens, S. B. Z., & Wallen, K. (2013) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2013.05.003 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
“In contrast to males, in females, E2 negative and positive feedback occurs primarily at the level of the anterior pituitary and secondarily at the level of the hypothalamus (Figure 1b; Chongthammakun & Terasawa, 1993; Nakai et al., 1978; Plant et al., 1978; Xia et al., 1992).”
InfluentialAbbott, D. H., Rogers, J., Dumesic, D. A., & Levine, J. E. (2019) · Medical Sciences · doi:10.3390/medsci7120107 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
“Such devolution of function is consistent with primate hypothalamic reproductive neuroendocrine control residing more within the mediobasal hypothalamus, alone [91,92], thus providing fundamental regulatory differences to female non-primates.”
BackgroundDubey, A. K., Zeleznik, A. J., & Plant, T. M. (1987) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo-121-6-2229 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Self-citationNeurokinin B signalling in the human reproductive axis
Topaloglu, A. K., & Semple, R. K. (2011) · Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.mce.2011.07.014 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Creery, B. R. M., & Licht, P. (1983) · Biology of Reproduction · doi:10.1095/biolreprod29.4.863 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
“…on 30 July 2018 5O[ tradi01l7$ 40 FSH E 0’ C 200 100 LH I’ GnRH INFUSION IN FEMALE BULLFROGS 869 GnRH results in virtually complete pituitary “desensitization” after 10-24 h (e.g., rat, Schuiing et at., 1976; sheep, Chakraborty et a!., 1974; monkey, Plant et al., 1978; human, Hoff et al., 1977).”
BackgroundArcuate nucleus, median eminence, and hypophysial pars tuberalis
Korf, H., & Møller, M. (2021) · Handbook of clinical neurology · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-820107-7.00015-x · Cited by 38 · see citing works
The Role of Prolactin in the Regulation of the Primate Corpus Luteum*
Richardson, D. W., Goldsmith, L. T., Pohl, C. R., et al. (1985) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-60-3-501 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Self-citationRasmussen, D. D. (1986) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/0306-4530(86)90001-6 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Constantin, S. (2017) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2017.00180 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
“Extrinsic Pulse Generator In vitro ARC–ME fragments exhibit pulsatile release of GnRH (103) and in vivo data support the role of the ARC in GnRH pulsatility (104).”
BackgroundConstantin, S. (2011) · Journal of Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2826.2011.02130.x · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Schultz, C., Ghebremedhin, E., Braak, E., & Braak, H. (1999) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1006/exnr.1999.7185 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Finn, P. D., Pau, K. ‐. F., Spies, H. G., et al. (2000) · Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1159/000054516 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
“Destruction of the AME within the MBH disrupts LH secretion [”
BackgroundPuberty in Non-human Primates and Man
Plant, T. M., Terasawa, E., & Witchel, S. F. (2014) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-397175-3.00032-6 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Self-citationNeuroendocrine Control of Gonadotropin Secretion
Goodman, R. L. (2014) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-397175-3.00033-8 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Nonhuman Primates Contribute Unique Understanding to Anovulatory Infertility in Women
Abbott, D. H., Foong, S., Bernett, D. K., & Dumesic, D. A. (2004) · ILAR Journal · doi:10.1093/ilar.45.2.116 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
“Ablation of the arcuate nucleus within the medial basal hypothalamus abolishes pituitary gonadotropin secretion (Plant et al. 1978), whereas deafferentation of the medial basal hypothalamus does not (Krey et al.”
BackgroundHypothalamic kisspeptin neurons as potential mediators of estradiol negative and positive feedback
Starrett, J. R., & Moenter, S. M. (2023) · Peptides · doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2023.170963 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Mechanism of pulsatile GnRH release in primates: Unresolved questions
Terasawa, E. (2019) · Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.mce.2019.110578 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
“Studies of deafferentation of the medial basal hypothalamus (MBH) and discrete lesions within hypothalamus have identified that pulsatile release of GnRH requires the presence of the MBH, more specifically, the ARC in rats, monkeys and sheep (Blake and Sawyer, 1974; Plant et al., 1978; Pau et al., 1982).”
BackgroundThe Processes of Anterior Pituitary Hormone Pulse Generation
Tissier, P. L. L., Coll, T. F., & Mollard, P. (2018) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2018-00508 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
“Input from the higher brain centres regulating hypophysiotropic neurons will obviously 11 coordinate their activity, however, there is a clear role for intrahypothalamic regulation (50) 12 and it is well recognised that SST and kisspeptin have important regulatory roles in GHRH (51) 13 and GnRH output (14) respectivel…”
BackgroundRoseweir, A. K., & Millar, R. P. (2013) · Advances in experimental medicine and biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-6199-9_8 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Bethea, C. L. (1984) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo-115-2-443 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Mello, N. K., Mendelson, J. H., Drieze, J. M., et al. (1990) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-71-6-1434 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
D’Amico, J. F., Greendale, G. A., Lu, J. K. H., & Judd, H. L. (1991) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(16)54243-5 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Kisspeptin and neurokinin B: roles in reproductive health
Koysombat, K., Tsoutsouki, J., Patel, A., Comninos, A. N., Dhillo, W. S., & Abbara, A. (2025) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00015.2024 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Plant, T. M., Moossy, J. J., Hess, D. L., Nakai, Y., McCORMACK, J. T., & Knobil, E. (1979) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo-105-2-465 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Self-citationGoldsmith, P. C., & Song, T. (1987) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.902570110 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
D’Amico, J. F., Greendale, G., Lu, J., & Judd, H. L. (1992) · International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics · doi:10.1016/0020-7292(92)90409-c · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Control of the Menstrual Cycle
Zeleznik, A. J., & Plant, T. M. (2014) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-397175-3.00028-4 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Self-citationFerin, M. (1993) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1993.tb49927.x · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Kalil, B., Ramaswamy, S., & Plant, T. M. (2015) · Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1159/000442420 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Self-citationMedial Basal Hypothalamic Disconnection and the Onset of Puberty in the Female Rhesus Monkey*
Krey, L. C., Hess, D. L., Butler, W. R., et al. (1981) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo-108-5-1944 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Self-citationEffects of castration on LH-RH patterns in intrahypophysial microdialysates
Meredith, J. M., & Levine, J. E. (1992) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(92)90653-q · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Deficiency of arcuate nucleus kisspeptin results in postpubertal central hypogonadism
Nandankar, N., Negrón, A. L., Wolfe, A., Levine, J. E., & Radovick, S. (2021) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00088.2021 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Plant, T. M., & Zorub, D. S. (1986) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo-118-1-227 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Self-citationMann, D. R., & Plant, T. M. (2010) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2010.09.082 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
“Within the primate MBH, the arcuate nucleus (or infundibular nucleus) – a periventricular structure at the base of the third cerebroventricle – is essential for maintaining the pulsatile GnRH drive that sustains gonadotropin secretion throughout adulthood (Plant et al., 1978).”
BackgroundSelf-citationThe Wisdom of the Body Revisited
Knobil, E. (1999) · Physiology · doi:10.1152/physiologyonline.1999.14.1.1 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Self-citationÖrdög, T., & Knobil, E. (1995) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.92.13.5813 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Self-citationGrachev, P., Porter, K. L., Coolen, L. M., McCosh, R. B., Connors, J. M., Hileman, S. M., Lehman, M. N., & Goodman, R. L. (2016) · Journal of Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1111/jne.12393 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Neuroendocrine control of ovarian function in the primate
Ferin, M. (1983) · Reproduction · doi:10.1530/jrf.0.0690369 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
- Authors
- PLANT, T. M., KREY, L. C., MOOSSY, J., McCORMACK, J. T., HESS, D. L., & KNOBIL, E.
- Affiliations
- University of Pittsburgh (US)
- Venue
- Endocrinology
- Publisher
- The Endocrine Society
- Published
- 1978-01
- Volume
- 102
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 52-62
- ISSN
- 0013-7227 (ISSN-L)
- 1945-7170
- OpenAlex
- W2114815180
- Cited by
- 183
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 7.53
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Endocrinology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormones
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
- Keywords
- arcuate nucleus, gonadotropin secretion, prolactin secretion, mediobasal hypothalamus, luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, estradiol positive feedback, hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, radiofrequency lesions, rhesus monkeys, anterior pituitary, growth hormone
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Haplorhini, Brain Mapping, Castration, Feedback, Female, Follicle Stimulating Hormone, Hypothalamus, Luteinizing Hormone, Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone, Macaca mulatta, Median Eminence, Prolactin, Time Factors
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
