A Suppression of Gonadotropin Secretion by Cortisol in Castrated Male Rhesus Monkeys (Macaca Mulatta) Mediated by the Interruption of Hypothalamic Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Release1

Dubey, A. K.; Plant, T. M.

doi:10.1095/biolreprod33.2.423

Cited by 217Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormonesStress Responses and CortisolAdrenal Hormones and Disorders

A Suppression of Gonadotropin Secretion by Cortisol in Castrated Male Rhesus Monkeys (Macaca Mulatta) Mediated by the Interruption of Hypothalamic Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Release1

Dubey, A. K., Plant, T. M.·1985·Biology of Reproduction

DOI 10.1095/biolreprod33.2.423

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Abstract

Four orchidectomized rhesus monkeys (3-3.5 yr of age) were treated for 62 days with daily i.m. injections of hydrocortisone acetate (HCA) at a dose of 10-20 mg/(kg BW X day), and blood samples were obtained daily or every other day before, during, and after treatment. Hydrocortisone acetate injections resulted in a progressive rise in mean plasma cortisol from basal concentrations of 17-35 micrograms/100 ml prior to initiation of steroid treatment to approximately 150 micrograms/100 ml 5 wk later. When serum cortisol concentrations reached 100 micrograms/100 ml, 3-4 wk after the initiation of HCA treatment, circulating luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) began to decline, reaching nondetectable concentrations 35 days later. Withdrawal of HCA resulted in a return in plasma cortisol concentrations to pretreatment control levels, which was associated with a complete restoration of gonadotropin secretion. In 2 animals, administration of an intermittent i.v. infusion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) (0.1 micrograms/min for 3 min once every hour), which appears to stimulate the gonadotropes in a physiologic manner, reversed the cortisol-induced inhibition of gonadotropin secretion, restoring circulating LH and FSH concentrations to within 80-100% of control. These results suggest that, in the rhesus monkey, the major site of the inhibitory action of cortisol on gonadotropin release resides at a suprapituitary level and is mediated by interruption of hypothalamic GnRH release.

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In vertebrate models, stress-induced glucocorticoids repress the HPG axis by inhibiting GnRH neurons or stimulating neurons releasing GnIH.
“In vertebrate models, stress-induced glucocorticoids repress the HPG axis by inhibiting GnRH neurons or stimulating neurons releasing gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone (GnIH) [89–91].”
From Fibromyalgia pathogenesis explained by a neuroendocrine multistable model (2024) · cites this paper as [90]
Cortisol has been shown to inhibit gonadotropin secretion directly in vitro and indirectly in vivo, as determined by the ability of i.v. GnRH to restore normal gonadotropin secretion in hypogonadotropic, hydrocortisone-treated animals.
“Cortisol has been shown to inhibit gonadotropin secretion directly in vitro [20] and indirectly in vivo, as determined by the ability of i.v.GnRH to restore normal gonadotropin secretion in hypogonadotropic, hydrocortisone-treated animals [21].”
From Suppression of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Ovarian Axis in Normal Women by Glucocorticoids1 (1993) · cites this paper as [21]
Cortisol acts directly on the hypothalamus to suppress GnRH secretion.
“This finding suggests that cortisol acts directly on the hypothalamus to suppress GnRH secretion and is in agreement with other reports suggesting a suprapituitary site of action for cortisol [21].”
From Suppression of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Ovarian Axis in Normal Women by Glucocorticoids1 (1993) · cites this paper as [21]

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Authors: Dubey, A. K., & Plant, T. M.
Affiliations: University of Pittsburgh (US)
Corresponding author: Plant, T. M.
ORCID: Dubey, A. K.
Plant, T. M.
Venue: Biology of Reproduction
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published: 1985-09-01
Volume: 33
Issue: 2
Pages: 423-431
ISSN: 0006-3363 (ISSN-L)
1529-7268
DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod33.2.423
OpenAlex: W2133777142
Cited by: 217
References: 33
Citations by year: 2026: 2 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 3
FWCI: 6.70
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Biology of Reproduction (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (HD 08610, HD 16851)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormones
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adrenal Hormones and Disorders
Keywords: cortisol, gonadotropin secretion, hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, gonadotropin-releasing hormone, luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, hydrocortisone acetate, orchiectomy, rhesus monkeys
MeSH terms: Animals, Follicle Stimulating Hormone, Hydrocortisone, Hypothalamus, Luteinizing Hormone, Macaca mulatta, Male, Orchiectomy, Pituitary Gland, Anterior, Pituitary Hormone-Releasing Hormones

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A Suppression of Gonadotropin Secretion by Cortisol in Castrated Male Rhesus Monkeys (Macaca Mulatta) Mediated by the Interruption of Hypothalamic Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Release1

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