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Cited by 25Growth Hormone and Insulin-like Growth FactorsHypothalamic control of reproductive hormonesPituitary Gland Disorders and Treatments

Contributions of gender and systemic estradiol and testosterone concentrations to maximal secretagogue drive of burst-like growth hormone secretion in healthy middle-aged and older adults

Veldhuis, Johannes D., Patrie, James T., Brill, Kimberly T., Weltman, Judith Y., Mueller, Eugenio E., Bowers, Cyril Y., Weltman, Arthur·2004·The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
DOI 10.1210/jc.2004-0644
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Abstract

To test whether concentrations of estradiol and testosterone predict GH responses to mechanistically distinct secretagogues in healthy older adults, we studied 16 volunteers (n = 10 men, n = 6 women, age 49-72 yr) in each of six randomly ordered sessions as follows: 1) saline; 2) l-arginine; 3) aerobic exercise; 4) GHRH; 5) GH-releasing peptide (GHRP)-2; and 6) somatostatin-induced rebound. Statistical comparisons disclosed that stimulus type (P < 0.001) and the interaction between gender and stimulus type (P = 0.023) determine GH secretion. In women, each secretagogue, except exercise and somatostatin-induced rebound, stimulated GH secretion by 2.6- to 6.4-fold over saline/rest (P < 0.023). In men, somatostatin-induced rebound drove GH secretion by 4.6-fold (P = 0.004), exercise by 16-fold (P < 0.001), and other secretagogues by 18- to 109-fold over saline/rest (each P < 0.001). Gender comparisons disclosed greater GH secretion in men than women after somatostatin-induced rebound (P = 0.008) and GHRP-2 injection (P < 0.001) and conversely greater GH secretion in women than men after saline (P = 0.013). Regression analysis showed that individual concentrations of estradiol (r = 0.80, P = 0.002) and testosterone (r = 0.63, P = 0.008) and their combination (r = 0.86, P < 0.001) strongly predict responses to GHRP-2 only. We conclude that among healthy middle-aged and older adults, the action of GHRP is uniquely determined by gender and physiological concentrations of testosterone and estradiol.

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  • Endogenous GH secretion in young women is consistently higher (typically twice as high) as in young men of similar age.

    “The proposal that the sex difference in muscle mass and function might be due to sex differences in endogenous GH secretion (116) is refuted by the extensive and conclusive clinical evidence that endogenous GH secretion in young women is consistently higher (typically twice as high) as in young men of similar age (163–170).”

    From Circulating Testosterone as the Hormonal Basis of Sex Differences in Athletic Performance (2018) · cites this paper as [168]

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Authors
Veldhuis, J. D., Patrie, J. T., Brill, K. T., Weltman, J. Y., Mueller, E. E., Bowers, C. Y., & Weltman, A.
Affiliations
  • Mayo Clinic (US)
  • University of Virginia (US)
  • University of Milan (IT)
  • Tulane University (US)
ORCID
Venue
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
Publisher
The Endocrine Society
Published
2004-12
Volume
89
Issue
12
Pages
6291-6296
ISSN
  • 0021-972X (ISSN-L)
  • 1945-7197
DOI
10.1210/jc.2004-0644
OpenAlex
W2083683535
Cited by
25
References
55
Citations by year
2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2021: 1 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 2 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 1
FWCI
2.07
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institute on Aging (AG-19695, R01-AG14799, R01AG014799)
  • National Center for Research Resources (RR 00847, M01-RR00 585, M01RR000847, M01RR000585)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Growth Hormone and Insulin-like Growth Factors
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormones
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Pituitary Gland Disorders and Treatments
Keywords
growth hormone secretion, sex hormones, estradiol, testosterone, GHRP-2, growth hormone-releasing hormone, L-arginine, aerobic exercise, sex differences, middle-aged and older adults, secretagogues
MeSH terms
Aged, Aging, Arginine, Estradiol, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Sex Characteristics, Somatostatin, Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone, Stimulation, Chemical, Testosterone, Exercise, Human Growth Hormone

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