The Effects of Flaxseed Dietary Supplement on Lipid Profile, Bone Mineral Density, and Symptoms in Menopausal Women: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Wheat Germ Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial
Abstract
Phytoestrogens are increasingly incorporated into the diet of menopausal women. However, there are limited data on the efficacy of flaxseed on the consequences of estrogen deficiency in menopausal women. The purpose of the study was to assess the effects of flaxseed incorporation into the diet of healthy menopausal women. One hundred and ninety-nine menopausal women were randomly assigned to consume 40 g flaxseed/d (n = 101) or wheat germ placebo (n = 98) for 12 months. At baseline and at month 12, serum levels of lipids, bone mineral density (BMD), and menopausal symptoms were evaluated. Statistical analysis was performed under the intention to treat principle. Flaxseed reduced serum total (-0.20 +/- 0.51 mmol/liter; P = 0.012) and high-density lipoprotein (-0.08 +/- 0.24 mmol/liter; P = 0.031) cholesterol concentrations compared with wheat germ placebo. BMD did not differ significantly between the two arms. Both flaxseed and wheat germ reduced (P < 0.0001) the severity scores of menopausal symptoms, but no statistical difference was found between the two arms. Our findings suggest that 1-yr incorporation of flaxseed into the diet produced a favorable, but not clinically significant, effect on blood cholesterol and caused no significant change in BMD or symptoms in healthy menopausal women.
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Changes in apo B are consistent with the decrease in LDL cholesterol.
“As previous studies observed, the changes in apo B are consistent with the decrease in LDL cholesterol [65, 66].”
From Comparisons of the effects of different flaxseed products consumption on lipid profiles, inflammatory cytokines and anthropometric indices in patients with dyslipidemia related diseases: systematic review and a dose-response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (2021) · cites this paper as [66]
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- Authors
- Dodin, S., Lemay, A., Jacques, H., Légaré, F., Forest, J.-C., & Mâsse, B.
- Affiliations
- Fred Hutch Cancer Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Dodin, S.
- Venue
- The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
- Publisher
- The Endocrine Society
- Published
- 2005-03
- Volume
- 90
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 1390-1397
- ISSN
- 0021-972X (ISSN-L)
- 1945-7197
- OpenAlex
- W1974910364
- Cited by
- 244
- References
- 29
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 15
- FWCI
- 7.13
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Phytoestrogen effects and research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Menopause: Health Impacts and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry › Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities
- Keywords
- flaxseed, menopause, phytoestrogens, dietary supplements, lipid profile, bone mineral density, menopausal symptoms, wheat germ, serum cholesterol, estrogen deficiency
- MeSH terms
- Canada, Double-Blind Method, Female, Humans, Lipids, Menopause, Middle Aged, Placebos, Quality of Life, Triticum, Bone Density, Dietary Supplements, Flax
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