Cited by 165Hormonal and reproductive studiesHypothalamic control of reproductive hormonesSperm and Testicular Function

Longitudinal changes in testosterone over five years in community-dwelling men

Shi, Zumin, Araujo, Andre B., Martin, Sean, O'Loughlin, Peter, Wittert, Gary A.·2013·The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism

Abstract

CONTEXT: There are few population-based studies reporting longitudinal changes in total T, LH, FSH, and SHBG levels, and there is limited information on risk factors for their change. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to examine 5-year changes in serum T, LH, FSH, and SHBG levels among Australian men. DESIGN: The study initially included a randomly selected, community-based cohort of 1588 men age 35 years or older at recruitment (mean age, 54 ± 11 y) with available data at 2 visits. Men on medications known to affect, or with established pathology of, the hypothalamo-pituitary gonadal axis were excluded, leaving 1382 for analysis. RESULTS: Mean baseline and follow-up T levels were 16.2 ± 1.4 and 15.6 ± 1.4 nmol/L, a change of -0.13 nmol/L/y. Annualized T changes were associated with obesity, being unmarried, and smoking at baseline, but not with diabetes, hypertension, or cardiovascular disease. T declined in men who had persistent depression or developed chronic disease, and it increased in men who were married, as compared to unmarried, at both time points. In the multivariate analysis, smoking cessation, development of central obesity (waist ≥ 100 cm), or generalized obesity (body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m(2)) resulted in T decreases of 0.36, 0.25, and 0.20 nmol/L/y, respectively. Quitting smoking, developing obesity, and having persisting depression were inversely related to SHBG change. CONCLUSIONS: An age-related decline in T levels is not inevitable but is largely explained by smoking behavior and intercurrent changes in health status, particularly obesity and depression.

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Crossref · 10.1210/jc.2012-3842

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Authors
Shi, Z., Araujo, A. B., Martin, S., O'Loughlin, P., & Wittert, G. A.
Affiliations
The University of Adelaide (AU)
Corresponding author
Shi, Zumin
Venue
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
Published
2013-08
Volume
98
Issue
8
Pages
3289-3297
ISSN
  • 0021-972X (ISSN-L)
  • 1945-7197
OpenAlex
W2137939611
Cited by
165
References
53
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 2
FWCI
13.32
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Adelaide Research & Scholarship (AR&S) (University of Adelaide) (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • Eli Lilly and Company
  • Medical Research Council
  • National Health and Medical Research Council (627227)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Hormonal and reproductive studies
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormones
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Sperm and Testicular Function
Keywords
testosterone, longitudinal change, community-dwelling men, luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, sex hormone-binding globulin, hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, obesity, smoking, smoking cessation, depression, marital status, aging
MeSH terms
Adult, Aged, Aging, Blood Glucose, Depression, Glycated Hemoglobin, Humans, Life Style, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Middle Aged, Obesity, Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin, Testosterone, Smoking Cessation

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