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Effect of Weight Loss by Gastric Bypass Surgery Versus Hypocaloric Diet on Glucose and Incretin Levels in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Open accessAbstract
CONTEXT: Gastric bypass surgery (GBP) results in rapid weight loss, improvement of type 2 diabetes (T2DM), and increase in incretins levels. Diet-induced weight loss also improves T2DM and may increase incretin levels. OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to determine whether the magnitude of the change of the incretin levels and effect is greater after GBP compared with a low caloric diet, after equivalent weight loss. DESIGN AND METHODS: Obese women with T2DM studied before and 1 month after GBP (n = 9), or after a diet-induced equivalent weight loss (n = 10), were included in the study. Patients from both groups were matched for age, body weight, body mass index, diabetes duration and control, and amount of weight loss. SETTING: This outpatient study was conducted at the General Clinical Research Center. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Glucose, insulin, proinsulin, glucagon, gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP), and glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 levels were measured after 50-g oral glucose. The incretin effect was measured as the difference in insulin levels in response to oral and to an isoglycemic iv glucose load. RESULTS: At baseline, none of the outcome variables (fasting and stimulated values) were different between the GBP and diet groups. Total GLP-1 levels after oral glucose markedly increased six times (peak:17 +/- 6 to 112 +/- 54 pmol/liter; P < 0.001), and the incretin effect increased five times (9.4 +/- 27.5 to 44.8 +/- 12.7%; P < 0.001) after GBP, but not after diet. Postprandial glucose levels (P = 0.001) decreased more after GBP. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that early after GBP, the greater GLP-1 and GIP release and improvement of incretin effect are related not to weight loss but rather to the surgical procedure. This could be responsible for better diabetes outcome after GBP.
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“Previous studies have established that the incretin effect, β-cell secretion activated by eating, is increased in GB patients with type 2 diabetes (6,9).”
From Gastric Bypass Surgery Enhances Glucagon-Like Peptide 1–Stimulated Postprandial Insulin Secretion in Humans (2011) · cites this paper as [9]
In the citing paper
“Previous studies have reported that glucagon secretion after GB is elevated after meal ingestion (9,16,25)”
From Gastric Bypass Surgery Enhances Glucagon-Like Peptide 1–Stimulated Postprandial Insulin Secretion in Humans (2011) · cites this paper as [9]
In the citing paper
“GB subjects have elevated plasma concentrations of GLP-1 (6,8–13).”
From Gastric Bypass Surgery Enhances Glucagon-Like Peptide 1–Stimulated Postprandial Insulin Secretion in Humans (2011) · cites this paper as [9]
In the citing paper
“These findings suggest that the relatively higher postprandial insulin responses seen in patients after GB (8,9,12,23) are not a response to insulin resistance or the result of general hypersensitivity of β-cells to glucose.”
From Gastric Bypass Surgery Enhances Glucagon-Like Peptide 1–Stimulated Postprandial Insulin Secretion in Humans (2011) · cites this paper as [9]
In the citing paper
“this obesity-independent hypoglycemic effect has been related to the action of GLP-1 in promoting insulin section [3], [6].”
From Treatment of obesity and diabetes using oxytocin or analogs in patients and mouse models (2013) · cites this paper as [6]
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- Laferrère, 2007, The increase in GLP-1 levels and incretin effect after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery (RYGBP) persists up to 1 year in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), Obesity, 15, 7
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Items 101–200 of 678
Effect of Weight Loss by Diet or Gastric Bypass Surgery on Peptide YY3–36 Levels
Oliván, B., Teixeira, J. A., Bose, M., Bawa, B., Chang, T. C., Summe, H., Lee, H., & Laferrère, B. (2009) · Annals of Surgery · doi:10.1097/sla.0b013e3181a6cdb0 · Cited by 104
“Partial data on GLP-1 levels after GBP and diet have been published before.(2)”
MethodBretault, M., Boillot, A., Muzard, L., Poitou, C., Oppert, J., Barsamian, C., Gatta‐Cherifi, B., Muller, H. L., Weismann, D., Rottembourg, D., et al. (2013) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2012-4184 · Cited by 104
Metabolic surgery and gut hormones – A review of bariatric entero-humoral modulation
Ashrafian, H., & le Roux, C. W. (2009) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2009.03.012 · Cited by 107
Mingrone, G., Nolfe, G., Gissey, G. C., Iaconelli, A., Leccesi, L., Guidone, C., Nanni, G., & Holst, J. J. (2009) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-009-1288-9 · Cited by 102
“After RYGB, an increase in the GLP1 level after OGTT or a meal was observed in people with NGT [14] and in diabetic patients [12, 13], and was associated with increased circulating levels of insulin.”
BackgroundBariatric surgery for type 2 diabetes: Weighing the impact for obese patients
Kashyap, S. R., Gatmaitan, P., Brethauer, S. A., & Schauer, P. R. (2010) · Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine · doi:10.3949/ccjm.77a.09135 · Cited by 105
Bose, M., Machineni, S., Oliván, B., Teixeira, J., McGinty, J. J., Bawa, B., Koshy, N., Colarusso, A., & Laferrère, B. (2010) · Obesity · doi:10.1038/oby.2009.473 · Cited by 102
“The inhibitory effects of peripheral administration of peptide YY(3-36) and glucagon-like peptide-1 on food intake are attenuated by ablation of the vagal-brainstem-hypothalamic pathway.”
BackgroundResultInfluentialTsoli, M., Chronaiou, A., Kehagias, I., Kalfarentzos, F. E., & Alexandrides, T. K. (2013) · Surgery for Obesity and Related Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.soard.2012.12.006 · Cited by 101
“Procedures that bypass the foregut are thought to be associated with faster and greater improvement in glucose homeostasis compared with purely restrictive operations or nonsurgical interventions, implying a specific effect of these procedures in terms of diabetes resolution [4,5,18].”
BackgroundAbrahamsson, N., Engström, B. E., Sundbom, M., & Karlsson, F. A. (2013) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/eje-13-0504 · Cited by 99
Scott, W. R., & Batterham, R. L. (2011) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00038.2011 · Cited by 101
Lips, M. A., de Groot, G. H., van Klinken, J. B., Aarts, E. O., Berends, F. J., Janssen, I. M. C., van Ramshorst, B., van Wagensveld, B. A., Swank, D. J., van Dielen, F. M. H., et al. (2013) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1111/cen.12254 · Cited by 99
The Effects of Bariatric Surgery on Islet Function, Insulin Secretion, and Glucose Control
Douros, J. D., Tong, J., & D’Alessio, D. A. (2019) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/er.2018-00183 · Cited by 100
Tzovaras, G., Papamargaritis, D., Sioka, E., Zachari, E., Baloyiannis, I., Zacharoulis, D., & Koukoulis, G. (2012) · Obesity Surgery · doi:10.1007/s11695-011-0461-7 · Cited by 97
Diabetes resolution and hyperinsulinaemia after metabolic Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass
Ashrafian, H., Athanasiou, T., Li, J. V., Bueter, M., Ahmed, K., Nagpal, K., Holmes, E. C., Darzi, A. W., & Bloom, S. R. (2010) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/j.1467-789x.2010.00802.x · Cited by 102
“Both groups had approximately 10 kg of weight loss, although the diet group had no post-operative incretin (insulin releasing) effect whereas the surgery group had a significant decrease of their post-prandial glucose coupled with a fivefold increase in their incretin release (47).”
BackgroundHayes, M. T., Hunt, L., Foo, J., Tychinskaya, Y., & Stubbs, R. S. (2011) · Obesity Surgery · doi:10.1007/s11695-011-0370-9 · Cited by 99
“While a number of authors have attempted to explain the early occurrence of resolution, by creating and referring to the “foregut hypothesis” [19] and the “hindgut hypothesis” [ 20 ], the mechanism remains unproven.”
BackgroundVidal, J., Nicolau, J., Romero, F., Casamitjana, R., Momblan, D., Conget, I., Morínigo, R., & Lacy, A. M. (2009) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2008-1620 · Cited by 94
Remission of type 2 diabetes after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass is associated with greater weight loss
Kadera, B. E., Lum, K., Grant, J. P., Pryor, A. D., Portenier, D. D., & DeMaria, E. J. (2009) · Surgery for Obesity and Related Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.soard.2009.02.007 · Cited by 95
Dao, M. C., Belda, E., Prifti, E., Everard, A., Kayser, B. D., Bouillot, J., Chevallier, J., Pons, N., Chatelier, E. L., Ehrlich, S. D., et al. (2019) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00140.2019 · Cited by 103
Lips, M. A., van Klinken, J. B., van Harmelen, V., Dharuri, H. K., Hoen, P. A. C. ’., Laros, J. F. J., van Ommen, G. B., Janssen, I. M. C., van Ramshorst, B., van Wagensveld, B. A., et al. (2014) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc14-0195 · Cited by 99
“Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery effectively improves glycemic control in obesity and T2DM, possibly through mechanisms independent of weight loss (10).”
BackgroundGoedeke, L., & Shulman, G. I. (2021) · Molecular Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101178 · Cited by 102
Knop, F. K. (2009) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-009-1511-8 · Cited by 95
“However, in other studies GIP responses to oral glucose have been shown to be increased 1 month following RYGB [10, 39 ], but this effect did not persist a year postoperatively [49].”
BackgroundRao, R. S., & Kini, S. U. (2010) · Obesity Surgery · doi:10.1007/s11695-010-0305-x · Cited by 93
“Meal (50 g glucose)-stimulated GIP levels were found to be increased 1.5 times after RYGB in a study by Laferrere et al. [ 51 ].”
MethodInfluentialEffect of gastric bypass surgery on the incretins
Laferrère, B. (2009) · Diabetes & Metabolism · doi:10.1016/s1262-3636(09)73458-5 · Cited by 89
“The results of these experiments have been published elsewhere [6].”
BackgroundDiabetes remission after bariatric surgery: is it just the incretins?
Laferrère, B. (2011) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/ijo.2011.143 · Cited by 88
Mechanisms by which a Very-Low-Calorie Diet Reverses Hyperglycemia in a Rat Model of Type 2 Diabetes
Perry, R. J., Peng, L., Cline, G. W., Wang, Y., Rabin-Court, A., Song, J. D., Zhang, D., Zhang, X., Nozaki, Y., Dufour, S., et al. (2017) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2017.10.004 · Cited by 91
“…as effective as bariatric surgery in reversing T2D in humans (Campos et al., 2010; Henry et al., 1985; Isbell et al., 2010; Jackness et al., 2013; Laferrère et al., 2008; Lim et al., 2011; Plum et al., 2011), suggesting that part or all of the metabolic improvements of bariatric surgery may…”
InfluentialChanges in Gastrointestinal Hormones and Leptin After Roux‐en‐Y Gastric Bypass Surgery
Beckman, L. M., Beckman, T. R., Sibley, S. D., Thomas, W. T. B., Ikramuddin, S., Kellogg, T. A., Ghatei, M. A., Bloom, S. R., le Roux, C. W., & Earthman, C. P. (2011) · Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition · doi:10.1177/0148607110381403 · Cited by 87
Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) receptor antagonists as anti-diabetic agents
Gasbjerg, L. S., Gabe, M. B. N., Hartmann, B., Christensen, M. B., Knop, F. K., Holst, J. J., & Rosenkilde, M. M. (2018) · Peptides · doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2017.11.021 · Cited by 85
Reis, C. E. G., Alvarez-Leite, J. I., Bressan, J., & Alfenas, R. D. C. G. (2011) · Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1089/dia.2011.0127 · Cited by 85
Limited Recovery of β-Cell Function After Gastric Bypass Despite Clinical Diabetes Remission
Dutia, R., Brakoniecki, K., Bunker, P., Paultre, F., Homel, P., Carpentier, A. C., McGinty, J., & Laferrère, B. (2013) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db13-1176 · Cited by 86
“OB-DM subjects underwent laparoscopic RYGBP with a 30-mL gastric pouch, 40-cm afferent limb, 150-cm Roux limb, and 12-mm gastrojejunostomy, as described previously (19).”
MethodObesity surgery and gut–brain communication
Berthoud, H., Shin, A. C., & Zheng, H. (2011) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2011.01.023 · Cited by 85
Hofsø, D., Jenssen, T. G., Bollerslev, J., Ueland, T., Godang, K., Stümvoll, M., Sandbu, R., Røislien, J., & Hjelmesaeth, J. S. (2010) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/eje-10-0804 · Cited by 83
The Gut Hormone Response Following Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass: Cross-sectional and Prospective Study
Pournaras, D. J., Osborne, A., Hawkins, S. C., Mahon, D., Ghatei, M. A., Bloom, S. R., Welbourn, R., & le Roux, C. W. (2009) · Obesity Surgery · doi:10.1007/s11695-009-9989-1 · Cited by 82
“Cross-sectional studies have indicated an enhanced post-prandial response following RYGB [10, 12, 19], while prospective studies with a follow-up extending to 12 months confirmed this [15, 20–22].”
BackgroundMeirelles, K., Ahmed, T., Culnan, D. M., Lynch, C. J., Lang, C. H., & Cooney, R. N. (2009) · Annals of Surgery · doi:10.1097/sla.0b013e3181904af0 · Cited by 86
“Alterations in the secretion or activity of enteric (incretin) or adipose (adipokine) hormones have also been implicated in the resolution of T2DM after RYGB surgery.15,16 Incretins are peptides secreted by the gut which augment insulin secretion and glycemic control in response to oral (vs. intravenous) glucose, and…”
ResultInfluentialAlamuddin, N., Vetter, M. L., Ahima, R. S., Hesson, L. A., Ritter, S., Minnick, A. M., Faulconbridge, L. F., Allison, K. C., Sarwer, D. B., Chittams, J. L., et al. (2016) · Obesity Surgery · doi:10.1007/s11695-016-2505-5 · Cited by 81
Consequences of obesity and weight loss: a devil's advocate position
Brown, R. E., & Kuk, J. L. (2014) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/obr.12232 · Cited by 83
“Bariatric surgery is also reported to have health benefits that go beyond what is expected through weight loss alone that may be related to decreased systemic inflammation, modifications of the gut microbiota, exclusion of nutrients from the duodenum, increased incretin secretion and increases in bile acids (199,200).”
BackgroundHansen, E. N., Tamboli, R. A., Isbell, J. M., Saliba, J., Dunn, J. P., Marks–Shulman, P. A., & Abumrad, N. N. (2011) · American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00019.2011 · Cited by 80
“An improved postprandial glucose profile has also been reported 1 mo post-RYGB (7, 10, 11).”
BackgroundBariatric surgeries: beyond restriction and malabsorption
Sandoval, D. A. (2011) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/ijo.2011.148 · Cited by 79
Nosso, G., Griffo, E., Cotugno, M., Saldalamacchia, G., Lupoli, R., Pacini, G., Riccardi, G., Angrisani, L., & Capaldo, B. (2016) · Hormone and Metabolic Research · doi:10.1055/s-0041-111505 · Cited by 80
Aron‐Wisnewsky, J., & Clément, K. (2014) · Current Atherosclerosis Reports · doi:10.1007/s11883-014-0454-9 · Cited by 81
Plum, L., Ahmed, L., Febres, G., Bessler, M., Inabnet, W., Kunreuther, E., McMahon, D., & Korner, J. (2011) · Obesity · doi:10.1038/oby.2011.134 · Cited by 82
“We and others have previously proposed that acute changes of gut hormone levels induced by enteral nutrient passage are responsible for a considerable part of the beneficial effects of RYGB (17,18).”
BackgroundResultMechanism of Metabolic Advantages After Bariatric Surgery
Knop, F. K., & Taylor, R. (2013) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dcs13-2032 · Cited by 77
“(15) investigated postprandial glucose metabolism in obese patients with type 2 diabetes on two separate occasions with concomitant infusion of exendin(9-39) or placebo before and again ;1 week after RYGB.”
BackgroundResultInfluentialGoedeke, L., Perry, R. J., & Shulman, G. I. (2019) · The Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology · doi:10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-010716-104727 · Cited by 76
The EndoBarrier: Duodenal-Jejunal Bypass Liner for Diabetes and Weight Loss
Ruban, A., Ashrafian, H., & TEARE, J. P. (2018) · Gastroenterology Research and Practice · doi:10.1155/2018/7823182 · Cited by 76
“Following RYGB, the role of GIP is more unclear as there are conflicting reports of GIP levels with some studies showing an increase whilst others show decreased levels or no change at all [15, 18, 19].”
BackgroundSurgical approaches to the treatment of obesity
Dixon, J. B., Straznicky, N. E., Lambert, É., Schlaich, M. P., & Lambert, G. W. (2011) · Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology · doi:10.1038/nrgastro.2011.112 · Cited by 76
“Clear evidence that this effect is independent of weight loss has been demonstrated in a human study that compared RYGB with similar dietary-induced weight loss”
ResultSalinari, S., BERTUZZI, A., Guidone, C., Previti, E., Rubino, F., & Mingrone, G. (2012) · Annals of Surgery · doi:10.1097/sla.0b013e318269cf5c · Cited by 74
Obesity and Diabetes: The Impact of Bariatric Surgery on Type‐2 Diabetes
Dixon, J. B. (2009) · World Journal of Surgery · doi:10.1007/s00268-009-0062-y · Cited by 75
“There was also a significantly greater reduction in postprandial glucose levels in the RYGB weight loss group [60].”
BackgroundMartinussen, C., Bojsen-Møller, K. N., Dirksen, C., Jacobsen, S. H., Jørgensen, N. B., Kristiansen, V. B., Holst, J. J., & Madsbad, S. (2015) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00506.2014 · Cited by 76
“Increased postprandial glucagon levels, a common finding after RYGB (4, 30, 31, 34), are paradoxical, given the high postprandial levels of glucose, insulin, and GLP-1, all known to suppress glucagon release.”
Post metabolic bariatric surgery weight regain: the importance of GLP-1 levels
Başaran, N. Ç., Dotan, I., & Dicker, D. (2024) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/s41366-024-01461-2 · Cited by 88
Bariatric, Metabolic, and Diabetes Surgery
Rubino, F., Shukla, A. P., Pomp, A., Moreira, M., Ahn, S. M., & Dakin, G. F. (2013) · Annals of Surgery · doi:10.1097/sla.0b013e3182759656 · Cited by 74
Steven, S., Hollingsworth, K. G., Small, P. K., Woodcock, S. A., Pucci, A., Aribasala, B., Al‐Mrabeh, A., Batterham, R. L., & Taylor, R. (2016) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1111/dme.13257 · Cited by 71
Vetter, M. L., Wadden, T. A., Teff, K. L., Khan, Z. F., Carvajal, R., Ritter, S., Moore, R. H., Chittams, J. L., Iagnocco, A., Murayama, K. M., et al. (2014) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db14-0558 · Cited by 71
Remission of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus after Bariatric Surgery: Fact or Fiction?
Tsilingiris, D., Koliaki, C. C., & Kokkinos, A. D. (2019) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph16173171 · Cited by 77
“Gut peptide dynamics including humoral satiety signals and mediators of the incretin effect (which is impaired early in the course of T2DM) may also undergo robust changes following both VSG [25] and RYGB [26,27].”
BackgroundChanges in gut hormone profile and glucose homeostasis after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy
Papamargaritis, D., le Roux, C. W., Sioka, E., KOUKOULIS, G. N., Tzovaras, G. A., & Zacharoulis, D. (2012) · Surgery for Obesity and Related Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.soard.2012.08.007 · Cited by 72
“Additionally, there was a positive correlation at 12 months post-SG between the change at ODI (delta ODI) and weight loss for all the 3 indices that we have used (delta ODI [0–120], P 1⁄4 .”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialCasimiro, I., Sam, S., & Brady, M. (2019) · Physiological Reports · doi:10.14814/phy2.14111 · Cited by 72
“The degree by which GLP-1 rises after RYGB and SG is not seen in patients with a similar degree of weight loss achieved by caloric restriction (Laferrere et al. 2008).”
BackgroundKlein, S., Fabbrini, E., Patterson, B. W., Polonsky, K. S., Schiavon, C. A., Correa, J. L., Salles, J. E. N., WAJCHENBERG, B. L., & COHEN, R. V. (2012) · Obesity · doi:10.1038/oby.2011.377 · Cited by 69
“Data from studies that evaluated subjects who had RYGB and those who lost the same amount of weight by diet therapy have reported both greater and the same improvement in glucose tolerance or insulin sensitivity in the RYGB group as in the diet group (8,9).”
BackgroundResultType 2 diabetes mellitus—current therapies and the emergence of surgical options
Lebovitz, H. E. (2011) · Nature Reviews Endocrinology · doi:10.1038/nrendo.2011.10 · Cited by 69
“This diversion changes the gastrointestinal exposure to nutrient loads, which results in radical alterations in gastrointestinal hormone secretory patterns”
BackgroundDo Gut Hormones Contribute to Weight Loss and Glycaemic Outcomes after Bariatric Surgery?
Papamargaritis, D., & le Roux, C. W. (2021) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu13030762 · Cited by 68
Nergård, B.-J., Lindqvist, A., Gíslason, H., Groop, L., Ekelund, M., Wierup, N., & Hedenbro, J. (2015) · Surgery for Obesity and Related Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.soard.2015.03.021 · Cited by 71
“This is in line with other studies [32,33].”
ResultMechanisms Underlying Type 2 Diabetes Remission After Metabolic Surgery
Pérez‐Pevida, B., Escalada, J., Miras, A. D., & Frühbeck, G. (2019) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2019.00641 · Cited by 68
“Indeed, antagonism with exendin-(9-39) (Ex-9) of the GLP-1 receptor results in a blunted insulin response after a meal and higher postprandial glucose concentrations (30).”
BackgroundCui, Y., Elahi, D., & Andersen, D. K. (2011) · Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery · doi:10.1007/s11605-011-1585-8 · Cited by 66
Lips, M. A., de Groot, G. H., Berends, F. J., Wiezer, M. J., van Wagensveld, B. A., Swank, D. J., Luijten, A. A. P. M., van Dijk, K. W., Pijl, H., Jansen, P. L. M., et al. (2014) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1111/cen.12496 · Cited by 65
Neinast, M. D., Frank, A. P., Zechner, J. F., Li, Q., Vishvanath, L., Palmer, B. F., Aguirre, V., Gupta, R. K., & Clegg, D. J. (2015) · Molecular Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.molmet.2015.02.006 · Cited by 66
Weight regain in patients with symptoms of post–bariatric surgery hypoglycemia
Varma, S., Clark, J. M., Schweitzer, M., Magnuson, T. H., Brown, T. T., & Lee, C. J. (2017) · Surgery for Obesity and Related Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.soard.2017.06.004 · Cited by 67
“Hypoglycemia after RYGB is thought be mediated partly by expedited gastric emptying as well as by an increase in glucose-mediated GLP-1 secretion and subsequent insulin secretion(24,25).”
BackgroundBiliopancreatic Diversion in Nonobese Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: Impact and Mechanisms
Astiarraga, B., Gastaldelli, A., Muscelli, E., Baldi, S., Camastra, S., Mari, A., Papadia, F. S., Camerini, G. B., Adami, G. F., Scopinaro, N., et al. (2013) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2013-1476 · Cited by 64
“and was lower in nonremitters (16 [18]) than remitters (46 [33]).”
BackgroundRecent advances in the modification of taste and food preferences following bariatric surgery
Primeaux, S. D., de Silva, T., Tzeng, T. H., Chiang, M. C., & Hsia, D. S. (2016) · Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders · doi:10.1007/s11154-016-9365-0 · Cited by 63
“better glucose tolerance and incretin effect than did patients who had lost the same amount of weight with dieting [62].”
BackgroundGLP-1: A Mediator of the Beneficial Metabolic Effects of Bariatric Surgery?
Manning, S., Pucci, A. B. F., & Batterham, R. L. (2015) · Physiology · doi:10.1152/physiol.00027.2014 · Cited by 65
Kim, S. H., Liu, T. C., Abbasi, F., Lamendola, C. A., Morton, J. M., Reaven, G. M., & McLaughlin, T. (2009) · Obesity Surgery · doi:10.1007/s11695-009-9893-8 · Cited by 62
“We did not evaluate incretin hormones in our study groups, but both glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) are known to be higher post-RYGB [16, 17] and much higher than BMI-matched cohorts [3, 16 ].”
BackgroundResultChanges of insulin sensitivity and secretion after bariatric/metabolic surgery
Mingrone, G., & Cummings, D. E. (2016) · Surgery for Obesity and Related Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.soard.2016.05.013 · Cited by 64
Di Prospero, N. A., Yee, J., Frustaci, M. E., Samtani, M. N., Alba, M., & Fleck, P. (2021) · Clinical Obesity · doi:10.1111/cob.12433 · Cited by 60
“Several studies have shown that the weight loss and improved glycemic control that are achieved following bariatric surgery are associated with the increased concentrations of incretins, including glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), glucagon, oxyntomodulin (OXM) and gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP).25-29 These findings s…”
BackgroundInfluentialThe effects of weight loss strategies on gastric emptying and appetite control
Horner, K. M., Byrne, N. M., Cleghorn, G. J., Näslund, E. B., & King, N. A. (2011) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/j.1467-789x.2011.00901.x · Cited by 64
Kelly, K. R., Brooks, L. M., Solomon, T. P. J., Kashyap, S., O’Leary, V. B., & Kirwan, J. P. (2009) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00112.2009 · Cited by 58
“Although weight loss interventions (24, 32, 42) and bariatric surgery (24, 43) demonstrate that gut peptides respond to metabolic perturbations in obese persons, there are very limited data on the effects of exercise training (19, 23) on gut peptides and no data on exercise combined with calorie restriction in an insu…”
BackgroundChondronikola, M., Harris, L.-A. L. S., & Klein, S. (2016) · Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1111/joim.12527 · Cited by 62
Treating diabetes and prediabetes by focusing on obesity management
Khaodhiar, L., Cummings, S., & Apovian, C. M. (2009) · Current Diabetes Reports · doi:10.1007/s11892-009-0055-0 · Cited by 56
Jiménez, A., Casamitjana, R., Flores, L., Delgado, S., Lacy, A. M., & Vidal, J. (2012) · Annals of Surgery · doi:10.1097/sla.0b013e31826b8603 · Cited by 59
Obesity, Gut Hormones, and Bariatric Surgery
Pournaras, D. J., & le Roux, C. W. (2009) · World Journal of Surgery · doi:10.1007/s00268-009-0080-9 · Cited by 58
“RYGB, the greater GLP-1 and GIP release and improvement of incretin effect are related not to weight loss but rather to the surgical procedure itself, suggesting that this could contribute to improved glycemic control after RYGB [ 16 ].”
BackgroundWeiss, E. P., Albert, S. G., Reeds, D. N., Kress, K. S., Ezekiel, U. R., McDaniel, J. L., Patterson, B. W., Klein, S., & Villareal, D. T. (2015) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc14-2913 · Cited by 61
“Other studies on the effect of weight change on incretin effects are mixed, with one showing that CR had no effect (31), another showing that short-term weight gain reduced the incretin effect from 72% to 43% (32), and others reporting twofold to fivefold increases from weight loss after gastric bypass (31,33,34).”
BackgroundMadsbad, S., & Holst, J. J. (2014) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db14-0935 · Cited by 58
“After a few days, the improved hepatic insulin sensitivity also plays a role, especially for the normalization of fasting glucose concentrations (13,17).”
BackgroundHormonal Response to a Mixed-Meal Challenge After Reversal of Gastric Bypass for Hypoglycemia
Lee, C. J., Brown, T., Magnuson, T. H., Egan, J. M., Carlson, O., & Elahi, D. (2013) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2013-1151 · Cited by 65
“Although one would expect reduced GIP concentrations after RYGB by bypassing the proximal small bowel in which GIP is released and increased GIP concentrations upon restoration of normal nutrient flow after the reversal of RYGB, the pattern of GIP alteration after RYGB is not clearly established, given conflicting lit…”
BackgroundVergès, B., Bonnard, C., & Renard, E. (2011) · Diabetes & Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.diabet.2011.07.001 · Cited by 58
“[95] Laferrère B, Teixeira J, McGinty J, Tran H, Egger JR, Colarusso A, et al.”
BackgroundWu, T., Rayner, C. K., & Horowitz, M. (2015) · Handbook of experimental pharmacology · doi:10.1007/164_2015_9 · Cited by 60
Salinari, S., le Roux, C. W., BERTUZZI, A., Rubino, F., & Mingrone, G. (2013) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db13-0856 · Cited by 58
“Active (7,36)amide plasma GLP-1 was assessed by an enzyme immunosorbent assay kit (ALPCO Diagnostics, Salem, NH): intra-assay CV 5.”
MethodAbbatini, F., Capoccia, D., Casella, G., Coccia, F., Leonetti, F., & Basso, N. (2011) · Surgery for Obesity and Related Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.soard.2011.06.015 · Cited by 56
Metabolic Surgery for Non-Obese Type 2 Diabetes
Geloneze, B., Geloneze, S. R., Chaim, É. A., Hirsch, F. F., Felici, A. C., Lambert, G., Tambascia, M. A., & Pareja, J. C. (2012) · Annals of Surgery · doi:10.1097/sla.0b013e3182592c62 · Cited by 56
Morbid obesity in pediatric diabetes mellitus: surgical options and outcomes
Brandt, M. L., Harmon, C. M., Helmrath, M. A., Inge, T. H., McKay, S. V., & Michalsky, M. P. (2010) · Nature Reviews Endocrinology · doi:10.1038/nrendo.2010.167 · Cited by 55
“Although weight loss and gastric banding do not seem to alter the levels of these incretins, early increases in GLP-1 and GIP occur following RYGB”
BackgroundLin, E., Liang, Z., Frediani, J. K., Davis, S. S., Sweeney, J. F., Ziegler, T. R., Phillips, L. S., & Gletsu-Miller, N. A. (2010) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00405.2010 · Cited by 56
Ileal interposition improves glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in the obese Zucker rat
Culnan, D. M., Albaugh, V. L., Sun, M., Lynch, C. J., Lang, C. H., & Cooney, R. N. (2010) · American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00525.2009 · Cited by 55
“An increased postprandial secretion of GLP-1 has been demonstrated after RYGB in patients and in the obese ZR model (16, 19).”
BackgroundBariatric surgery and obesity: influence on the incretins
Laferrère, B. (2016) · International Journal of Obesity Supplements · doi:10.1038/ijosup.2016.8 · Cited by 55
Plourde, C., Grenier–Larouche, T., Caron‐Dorval, D., Biron, S., Marceau, S., Lebel, S., Biertho, L. D., Tchernof, A., Richard, D., & Carpentier, A. C. (2014) · Obesity · doi:10.1002/oby.20771 · Cited by 55
“HOMA-IR was also improved similarly 1 month after RYGB and after equivalent weight loss induced by a hypocaloric diet in type 2 diabetes (22).”
BackgroundMethodDuodenal nutrient exclusion improves metabolic syndrome and stimulates villus hyperplasia
Habegger, K. M., Al–Massadi, O., Heppner, K. M., Myronovych, A., Holland, J., Berger, J., Yi, C., Gao, Y., Lehti, M., Ottaway, N., et al. (2013) · Gut · doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2013-304583 · Cited by 54
Weight-Independent Mechanisms of Glucose Control After Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass
Laferrère, B., & Pattou, F. N. (2018) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2018.00530 · Cited by 60
“The release of the incretins GLP-1 (51, 61, 62), and of glucose dependent insulin peptide (GIP), in some (63–65) but not all (66) studies, is also enhanced by the accelerated transit; this improves the incretin effect on insulin secretion (55–57, 63, 67, 68) and lowers post-prandial glycemia (20).”
BackgroundInfluentialPost-bypass hypoglycaemia: A review of current findings
Ritz, P., & Hanaire, H. (2011) · Diabetes & Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.diabet.2011.04.003 · Cited by 56
Kennedy-Dalby, A., Adam, S., Ammori, B. J., & Syed, A. A. (2014) · European Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ejim.2014.10.020 · Cited by 53
Adiposopathy and bariatric surgery: is ‘sick fat’ a surgical disease?
Bays, H. E., Laferrère, B., Dixon, J. B., Aronne, L. J., González-Campoy, J. M., Apovian, C. M., Wolfe, B. M., & The adiposopathy and bariatric surgery working group (2009) · International Journal of Clinical Practice · doi:10.1111/j.1742-1241.2009.02151.x · Cited by 53
Haange, S., Jehmlich, N., Krügel, U., Hintschich, C. A., Wehrmann, D., Hankir, M. K., Seyfried, F., Froment, J., Hübschmann, T., Müller, S., et al. (2020) · Microbiome · doi:10.1186/s40168-020-0788-1 · Cited by 56
Do we really know why diabetes remits after gastric bypass surgery?
Laferrère, B. (2011) · Endocrine · doi:10.1007/s12020-011-9514-x · Cited by 53
“The results of these experiments have been published elsewhere [6].”
Evans, S., Pamuklar, Z. N., Rosko, J., Mahaney, P., Jiang, N., Park, C., & Torquati, A. (2011) · Surgical Endoscopy · doi:10.1007/s00464-011-2004-7 · Cited by 52
“but not diet intervention, resulted in an increased postprandial PYY response [27, 28], increased postprandial GLP-1 response [29, 30], and decreased hunger AUC [27].”
Nguyen, K. T., Billington, C. J., Vella, A. V., Wang, Q., Ahmed, L., Bantle, J. P., Bessler, M., Connett, J. E., Inabnet, W. B., Thomas, A. J., et al. (2015) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db14-1870 · Cited by 53
“Postprandial secretion of GLP-1 has been shown to substantially and durably increase after RYGB but not after laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding or diet-induced weight loss (16,17).”
BackgroundDiabetes after Bariatric Surgery
Shah, A., & Laferrère, B. (2017) · Canadian Journal of Diabetes · doi:10.1016/j.jcjd.2016.12.009 · Cited by 50
“Studies comparing RYGB and diet-matched weight loss showed superiority of RYGB in raising levels of incretins and decreasing postprandial glucose (25).”
BackgroundAnderwald, C.-H., Tura, A., Promintzer-Schifferl, M., Prager, G., Stadler, M., Ludvik, B., Esterbauer, H., Bischof, M. G., Luger, A., Pacini, G., et al. (2012) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc12-0197 · Cited by 51
“From this, it follows that increased b-cell function during OGTT appears to mostly result from higher GLP-1 concentrations, as supported by studies using the GLP-1 antagonist exendin-(9-39)-amide (32).”
BackgroundResultRao, W., Shan, C., Zhang, W., Jiang, D., & Qiu, M. (2014) · World Journal of Surgery · doi:10.1007/s00268-014-2751-4 · Cited by 53
de Paula, A. L., Stival, A. R., Halpern, A., DePaula, C. C. L., Mari, A., Muscelli, E., Vencio, S. A. C., & Ferrannini, E. (2011) · Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery · doi:10.1007/s11605-011-1550-6 · Cited by 52
“Insulin sensitivity was fully restored (395 [108] vs 208 [99] ml min −1 m −2 ), fasting insulin secretion rate decreased (68 [52] vs 146 [120] pmol min −1 m −2 ) and total insulin output increased (52 [26] vs 39 [ 28 ] nmol m −2 , all p≤0.001).”
BackgroundInfluential
Metadata
- Authors
- Laferrère, B., Teixeira, J., McGinty, J., Tran, H., Egger, J. R., Colarusso, A., Kovack, B., Bawa, B., Koshy, N., Lee, H., Yapp, K., & Olivan, B.
- Affiliations
- Obesity Research Center (B.L., H.T., J.R.E., A.C., B.K., B.B., K.Y., B.O.), St. Luke’s/Roosevelt Hospital Center, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York 10025
- Bariatric Division (J.T., J.M., N.K., H.L.), St. Luke’s/Roosevelt Hospital Center, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York 10025
- St. Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital Center (US)
- Venue
- The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
- Publisher
- The Endocrine Society
- Published
- 2008-07-01
- Volume
- 93
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 2479-2485
- ISSN
- 0021-972X (ISSN-L)
- 1945-7197
- PMC
- PMC2453054
- OpenAlex
- W2146737709
- Cited by
- 682
- References
- 57
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 25 · 2020: 25 · 2019: 39 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 45 · 2016: 48 · 2015: 44 · 2014: 57 · 2013: 72 · 2012: 59
- FWCI
- 63.22
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01 DK 67561, DK63068-05, DK 26687, R01DK067561, P30DK026687)
- National Center for Research Resources (UL1RR024156)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Bariatric Surgery and Outcomes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Keywords
- gastric bypass, type 2 diabetes, weight loss, incretin effect, glucagon-like peptide-1, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, proinsulin, glucagon, insulin, postprandial blood glucose, hypocaloric diet, obesity, women
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Blood Glucose, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Diet, Reducing, Female, Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide, Glucagon, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Obesity, Gastric Bypass, Weight Loss, Glucagon-Like Peptide 1, Incretins
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