Effects of a growth hormone pulse on total and forearm substrate fluxes in humans
Abstract
Under physiological circumstances growth hormone (GH) is secreted in bursts after the onset of sleep and a few hours postprandially. Because most relevant studies have employed constant or repeated infusion of high doses of GH, the possible metabolic effects of such bursts are largely unknown. We have studied seven healthy, male subjects for 7 h after an intravenous bolus of 1) 140 micrograms GH and 2) saline. When injected, serum GH rose to a peak of 21 +/- 3 micrograms/l 10 min after injection. GH caused 1) a rapid, sustained 55% decrease in forearm glucose uptake (P less than 0.05) followed by increases toward control values, 2) a delayed 5 mg/100 ml decrease in plasma glucose (P less than 0.05), and 3) significant 60-250% increases (P less than 0.05) in all measured lipid intermediates (nonesterified fatty acids, 3-hydroxybutyrate, and glycerol) 120-160 min after administration followed by decreases to below control values (P less than 0.05). GH did not influence circulating levels of insulin, C-peptide, glucagon, or insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), or isotopically determined glucose turnover. Physiological bursts of GH secretion appear to have acute insulin antagonistic effects with maximal effect on lipolysis after 2 h. These effects are reversed after 4 h. Therefore, GH could play a key role in regulation of diurnal rhythms of substrate levels and fuel utilization in humans.
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GHRH injection increased glucose levels at awakening by almost 50% and growth hormone administration rapidly decreased muscular glucose uptake.
“GHRH injection increased glucose levels at awakening by almost 50%56 and GH administration rapidly decreased muscular glucose uptake.55,57”
From Interacting epidemics? Sleep curtailment, insulin resistance, and obesity (2012) · cites this paper as [55]
The growth hormone peak at sleep onset has insulin lowering effects.
“The GH peak at sleep onset has insulin lowering effects.55”
From Interacting epidemics? Sleep curtailment, insulin resistance, and obesity (2012) · cites this paper as [55]
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Øzbay, L. A., Møller, N., Juhl, C. B., Bjerre, M., Carstens, J., Rungby, J., & Jørgensen, K. A. (2011) · British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.2011.04118.x · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Effects of growth hormone on fluid homeostasis. Clinical and experimental aspects
Møller, J. K. (2003) · Growth Hormone & IGF Research · doi:10.1016/s1096-6374(03)00011-x · Cited by 47 · see citing works
GH secretion in acute exercise may result in post-exercise lipolysis
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Sleep and Hormonal Changes in Aging
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Self-citationLi, X., Liang, T., Dai, B., Chang, L., Zhang, Y., Hu, S., Guo, J., Xu, S., Zheng, L., Yao, H., et al. (2024) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci166795 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Clinical pharmacological aspects of growth hormone administration.
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Fat metabolism in exercise – with special reference to training and growth hormone administration
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1 Liver disease, carbohydrate metabolism and diabetes
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Self-citationGrowth hormone controls lipolysis by regulation of FSP27 expression
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Self-citationAcute exposure to GH during exercise stimulates the turnover of free fatty acids in GH-deficient men
Kanaley, J. A., Dall, R., Møller, N., Nielsen, S. C., Christiansen, J. S., Jensen, M. D., & Jørgensen, J. O. L. (2004) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00711.2003 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
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Self-citationYuen, K. C. J., Ong, K. K., Husbands, S., Chatelain, P., Fryklund, L., Gluckman, P. D., Ranke, M. B., Cook, D. M., Rosenfeld, R. G., Wass, J. A. H., et al. (2002) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.87.5.8460 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
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Self-citationGlucose and Fat Metabolism in Acromegaly: From Mice Models to Patient Care
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The Flexibility of Ectopic Lipids
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Mechanisms of ageing: growth hormone, dietary restriction, and metformin
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Growth Hormone Effects on Protein Metabolism
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A link between sleep loss, glucose metabolism and adipokines
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Regulation of fatty acid delivery in vivo.
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The Growth Hormone Secretory Pattern and Statural Growth
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Moller, N., Jorgensen, J. O., Schmitz, O., Moller, J., Christiansen, J., Alberti, K. G., & Orskov, H.
- Affiliations
- Second University Clinic of Internal Medicine, Aarhus, Denmark.
- Aarhus University (DK)
- ORCID
- Christiansen, J.
- Venue
- American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism
- Publisher
- American Physiological Society
- Published
- 1990-01-01
- Volume
- 258
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- E86-E91
- ISSN
- 0193-1849 (ISSN-L)
- 1522-1555
- OpenAlex
- W1870120585
- Semantic Scholar
- 7c789df8e99e99d123e8060df65caa9dfebbf2b1
- Cited by
- 194
- References
- 21
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 5.66
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Growth Hormone and Insulin-like Growth Factors
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Pancreatic function and diabetes
- Keywords
- growth hormone, glucose uptake, lipolysis, free fatty acids, beta-hydroxybutyrate, glycerol, insulin antagonism, plasma glucose, diurnal cycle, substrate utilization, insulin-like growth factor I
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Analysis of Variance, Blood Glucose, C-Peptide, Fatty Acids, Nonesterified, Forearm, Glucagon, Glycerol, Humans, Hydroxybutyrates, Injections, Intravenous, Insulin, Kinetics, Male, Regional Blood Flow, Growth Hormone, Time Factors, 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid
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