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Cited by 177Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormonesOvarian function and disordersRegulation of Appetite and Obesity

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 39 of the 39 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Dietary restriction reduces luteinizing hormone (LH) pulse frequency during waking hours and increases LH pulse amplitude during sleep in young menstruating women

Loucks, A. B.·1994·Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
DOI 10.1210/jc.78.4.910
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Abstract

To determine the effect of dietary energy restriction on gonadotropins, we assayed LH and FSH in samples drawn at 10- and 60-min intervals, respectively, over 24 h from seven young women (mean +/- SE gynecological age, 7.7 +/- 1.2 yr) on day 9, 10, or 11 of two menstrual cycles. Cortisol was measured in samples collected at 30-min intervals. During the 4 previous days and the day of sampling, dietary energy intake was set at either 45 or 10 Cal/kg lean body mass.day in random order. Beginning 2 days before treatment, blood was sampled daily at 0800 h and assayed for T3, insulin-like growth factor-I, and insulin. Estradiol was measured in samples collected daily and at 6-h intervals on the day of frequent sampling. By the day of frequent sampling, dietary restriction had reduced T3 20% (P < 0.01), insulin-like growth factor-I 58% (P < 0.001), and insulin 54% (P < 0.001). Twenty-four-hour transverse means for LH (P = 0.3), FSH (P = 0.2), estradiol (P = 0.3), and cortisol (P = 0.13) were unaffected, but LH pulse frequency was reduced 23% (P < 0.01), especially during waking hours, whereas LH pulse amplitude was increased 40% (P = 0.05), especially during sleep. These results support the hypothesis that LH pulsatility depends upon energy availability in women, as it does in other mammalian species.

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Crossref · 10.1210/jc.78.4.910

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39 of 39 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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  • The concept of the LEA threshold (30 kcal/kg FFM/day), below which health problems occurred, was based on short-term laboratory studies in a small sample of sedentary females.

    “The concept of the LEA threshold (30 kcal/kg FFM/day), below which health problems occurred, was based on elegant but short-term laboratory studies that investigated stepwise changes in EA, perturbations of sex hormones 45 127 128 and changes in markers of bone turnover 125 in a small sample of sedentary females.”

    From 2023 international olympic committee's (IOC) consensus statement on relative energy deficiency in sport (REDs) (2023) · cites this paper as [128]

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Metadata

Authors
Loucks, A. B.
Affiliations
Ohio University (US)
Venue
Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
Publisher
The Endocrine Society
Published
1994-04-01
Volume
78
Issue
4
Pages
910-915
ISSN
0021-972X (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1210/jc.78.4.910
OpenAlex
W1970379934
Cited by
174
References
39
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 3
FWCI
7.47
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health (1r55hd029547-01)
  • National Center for Research Resources (MO1 RR 00034, M01RR000034)
  • Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (1R55-HD-29547-01)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormones
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Ovarian function and disorders
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
Keywords
hypocaloric diet, luteinizing hormone, LH pulsatility, LH pulse frequency, LH pulse amplitude, gonadotropins, follicle-stimulating hormone, estradiol, cortisol, thyroid-stimulating hormone, insulin-like growth factor I, insulin, energy availability, sleep, menstrual cycle, young women
MeSH terms
Adult, Circadian Rhythm, Estradiol, Female, Food Deprivation, Food, Formulated, Follicle Stimulating Hormone, Humans, Hydrocortisone, Insulin, Insulin-Like Growth Factor I, Luteinizing Hormone, Menstruation, Sleep, Triiodothyronine

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