Metabolic effects of oral contraceptives in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.
Abstract
Insulin resistance and dyslipidemia have been described in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), a disorder characterized by hyperandrogenism and oligomenorrhea. Although oral contraceptives (OC) are often instituted to regulate menses and suppress HA in women with PCOS, their use has been postulated to cause a deterioration in insulin sensitivity and to adversely affect circulating lipids. To investigate these effects, 9 women with PCOS and 10 age- and weight-matched control women were studied before and during the third month of therapy with a low-dose norethindrone-containing triphasic combination OC using the hyperglycemic clamp technique. At baseline, the PCOS group had higher androgen, triglyceride, and glycosylated hemoglobin concentrations, with a greater insulin response to oral glucose and a lower insulin sensitivity index (ISI) than controls. During OC therapy, a reduction in ISI was observed in both groups, whereas an increase in triglycerides was observed only in controls, removing any observed difference between the two groups in ISI or lipids. In women with PCOS, an increase in insulin concentrations during hyperglycemia accounted for the decline in ISI (P = 0.026), whereas in control women the decrease in ISI was attributable to a decrease in glucose disposal (P = 0.004). In conclusion, PCOS is characterized by insulin resistance in the untreated state. Short-term therapy with a triphasic OC results in a further decline in ISI in women with PCOS, without inducing additional adverse effects on lipids. A more pronounced decline in ISI together with an elevation in triglyceride levels occurs in normal women with OCs. The mechanisms leading to this decrease in ISI are different for each group.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The effect of COCP on lipid metabolism depends on the level of estrogen and type of progestin, with potential negative effects.
“COCP does not have any major effects on carbohydrate metabolism in healthy women, whereas the effect on lipid metabolism depends on the level of estrogen and type of progestin, with potential negative effects (78, 79, 80, 81).”
From Metformin and Combined Oral Contraceptive Pills in the Management of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (2024) · cites this paper as [78]
COCP does not have any major effects on carbohydrate metabolism in healthy women.
“COCP does not have any major effects on carbohydrate metabolism in healthy women, whereas the effect on lipid metabolism depends on the level of estrogen and type of progestin, with potential negative effects (78, 79, 80, 81).”
From Metformin and Combined Oral Contraceptive Pills in the Management of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (2024) · cites this paper as [78]
Cites
Friedewald, W. T., Levy, R. I., & Fredrickson, D. S. (1972) · Clinical Chemistry · doi:10.1093/clinchem/18.6.499 · Cited by 32,423 · see citing works
Glucose clamp technique: a method for quantifying insulin secretion and resistance.
DeFronzo, R. A., Tobin, J. D., & Andres, R. (1979) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.1979.237.3.e214 · Cited by 7,425 · see citing works
Quantitative Determination of Serum Triglycerides by the Use of Enzymes
Bucolo, G., & David, H. (1973) · Clinical Chemistry · doi:10.1093/clinchem/19.5.476 · Cited by 3,202 · see citing works
Clinical assessment of body hair growth in women.
Ferriman, D., & Gallwey, J. D. (1961) · Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-21-11-1440 · Cited by 2,556 · see citing works
Validation of tetrapolar bioelectrical impedance method to assess human body composition
Lukaski, H. C., Bolonchuk, W. W., Hall, C. B., & Siders, W. A. (1986) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/jappl.1986.60.4.1327 · Cited by 1,376 · see citing works
Lean body mass estimation by bioelectrical impedance analysis: a four-site cross-validation study
Segal, K., Van Loan, M., Fitzgerald, P., Hodgdon, A., & Van Itallie, T. (1988) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/47.1.7 · Cited by 881 · see citing works
NESTLER, J. E., POWERS, L. P., MATT, D. W., STEINGOLD, K. A., PLYMATE, S. R., RITTMASTER, R. S., CLORE, J. N., & BLACKARD, W. G. (1991) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-72-1-83 · Cited by 815 · see citing works
Barbieri, R. L., Makris, A., Randall, R. W., Daniels, G. H., Kistner, R. W., & Ryan, K. J. (1986) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-62-5-904 · Cited by 629 · see citing works
Dunaif, A. E., GRAF, M., Mandeli, J., Laumas, V., & Dobrjansky, A. (1987) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-65-3-499 · Cited by 577 · see citing works
Godsland, I. F., Crook, D., Simpson, R., Proudler, T., Felton, C., Lees, B., Anyaoku, V., Devenport, M., & Wynn, V. (1990) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199011153232003 · Cited by 417 · see citing works
Induction of insulin resistance by androgens and estrogens
Polderman, K. H., Gooren, L. J., Asscheman, H., Bakker, A., & Heine, R. J. (1994) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.79.1.8027240 · Cited by 382 · see citing works
Holte, J., Bergh, T., Berne, C., Berglund, L., & Lithell, H. (1994) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.78.5.8175959 · Cited by 290 · see citing works
Chang, R. J., Laufer, L. R., Meldrum, D. R., DEFAZIO, J., Lu, J. K. H., Vale, W., Rivier, J., & Judd, H. L. (1983) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-56-5-897 · Cited by 257 · see citing works
Insulin resistance, secretion, and metabolism in users of oral contraceptives
Godsland, I. F., Walton, C., Felton, C. V., Proudler, A. J., Patel, A., & Wynn, V. (1992) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.74.1.1530790 · Cited by 252 · see citing works
Insulin Resistance and Diminished Glucose Tolerance in Powerlifters Ingesting Anabolic Steroids*
Cohen, J. C., & HICKMAN, R. (1987) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-64-5-960 · Cited by 201 · see citing works
Insulin resistance in polycystic ovary syndrome
Shoupe, D., Kumar, D. D., & Løbo, R. A. (1983) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/0002-9378(83)90023-6 · Cited by 194 · see citing works
Clinical signs of androgen excess as risk factors for coronary artery disease
Wild, R. A., Grubb, B. P., Hartz, A. J., Nort, J. J. V., Bachman, W. J., & Bartholomew, M. J. (1990) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(16)53699-1 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
Pathogenesis and Treatment of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
McKenna, T. J. (1988) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm198803033180906 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
The Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Pathogenesis and Treatment
Barnes, R. B., & Rosenfield, R. L. (1989) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-110-5-386 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Geffner, M. E., Kaplan, S. A., Bersch, N., Golde, D. W., Landaw, E. M., & Chang, R. J. (1986) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(16)49211-3 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Normal basal and insulin-stimulated fuel metabolism in lean women with the polycystic ovary syndrome
Ovesen, P., Møller, J. K., Ingerslev, H. J., Jørgensen, J. O. L., Mengel, A., Schmitz, O., Alberti, K. G. M. M., & Møller, N. (1993) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.77.6.8263152 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Spellacy, W. N. (1982) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/s0002-9378(16)32479-6 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Female fat distribution-a simple classification based on two circumference measurements.
Ashwell, M., Chinn, S., Stalley, S., & Garrow, J. S. (1982) · PubMed · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Oral Contraceptive Use and Mortality during 12 Years of Follow-Up: The Nurses' Health Study
Colditz, G. A. (1994) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-120-10-199405150-00002 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Pasquali, R., Fabbri, R., Venturoli, S., Paradisi, R., Antenucci, D., & Melchionda, N. (1986) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/0002-9378(86)90410-2 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Evidence for Insulin Resistance in Nonobese Patients with Polycystic Ovarian Disease
Jialal, I., Naiker, P., Reddi, K., Moodley, J., & Joubert, S. M. (1987) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-64-5-1066 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Glucose Intolerance and Insulin Resistance in Aplastic Anemia Treated with Oxymetholone*
WOODARD, T. L., Burghen, G. A., Kitabchi, A. E., & Wilimas, J. A. (1981) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-53-5-905 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Effect of seven low-dose combined oral contraceptive preparations on carbohyrate metabolism
van der Vange, N., Kloosterboer, H. J., & Haspels, A. A. (1987) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/0002-9378(87)90355-3 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
O’Brien, R. C., COOPER, M. E., Murray, R., Seeman, E., Thomas, A., & Jerums, G. (1991) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-72-5-1008 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Skouby, S. O., Kühl, C., Mølsted-Pedersen, L., Petersen, K., & Christensen, M. S. (1985) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/0002-9378(85)90460-0 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Insulin and C-Peptide Levels in Obese Patients with Polycystic Ovaries
Pasquali, R., Venturoli, S., Paradis, R., Capelli, M., Parenti, M., & Melchionda, N. (1982) · Hormone and Metabolic Research · doi:10.1055/s-2007-1018996 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Prospective Studies of Insulin Sensitivity in Normal Women Receiving Oral Contraceptive Agents*
KASDORF, G., & Kalkhoff, R. K. (1988) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-66-4-846 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Mahabeer, S., Naidoo, C., Norman, R. J., Jialal, I., Reddi, K., & Joubert, S. (1990) · Hormone and Metabolic Research · doi:10.1055/s-2007-1004966 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Characteristics of the new progestogens in combination oral contraceptives
Rebar, R. W., & Zeserson, K. (1991) · Contraception · doi:10.1016/0010-7824(91)90101-k · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Kojima, T., Lindheim, S. R., Duffy, D. M., Vijod, M. A., Stanczyk, F. Z., & Løbo, R. A. (1993) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/0002-9378(93)90432-i · Cited by 38 · see citing works
McCulloch, D. K., Bingley, P. J., Colman, P. G., Jackson, R. A., Gale, E. A., & The ICARUS Group (1993) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.16.6.911 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Lipid and carbohydrate effects of a new triphasic oral contraceptive containing norgestimate
Burkman, R. T., Kafrissen, M. E., Olson, W. H., & Osterman, J. J. (1992) · Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica · doi:10.3109/00016349209156508 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Effect of oral contraceptives on plasma glucose, insulin, and glucagon levels
Gossain, V. V., Sherma, N. K., Michelakis, A. M., & Rovner, D. R. (1983) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/0002-9378(83)90437-4 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Insulin resistance and secretion in polycystic ovarian disease
Bruno, B., Poccia, G., & Fabbrini, A. (1985) · Journal of Endocrinological Investigation · doi:10.1007/bf03348535 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Wn, S., Sa, B., Buggie, J., & Wc, B. (1981) · PubMed · Cited by 13 · see citing works
The androgenicity of progestational agents.
Løbo, R. A. (1988) · PubMed · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Pang, S. (1990) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-71-1-5 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Contraceptive options for the gestational diabetic woman.
Shoupe, D., & Bopp, B. L. (1991) · PubMed · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Insulin Resistance and the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Mechanism and Implications for Pathogenesis
Dunaif, A. E. (1997) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/edrv.18.6.0318 · Cited by 2,761 · see citing works
Azziz, R., Carmina, E., Chen, Z., Dunaif, A., Laven, J. S. E., Legro, R. S., Lizneva, D., Natterson-Horowtiz, B., Teede, H. J., & Yildiz, B. O. (2016) · Nature Reviews Disease Primers · doi:10.1038/nrdp.2016.57 · Cited by 2,005 · see citing works
Treatment options for polycystic ovary syndrome
Badawy, A., & Elnashar (2011) · International Journal of Women s Health · doi:10.2147/ijwh.s11304 · Cited by 613 · see citing works
Palomba, S., Falbo, A., Zullo, F., & Orio, F. (2009) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/er.2008-0030 · Cited by 426 · see citing works
Insulin-Lowering Agents in the Management of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Leo, V. D., Marca, A. L., & Petraglia, F. (2003) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/er.2002-0015 · Cited by 289 · see citing works
Descriptive review of the evidence for the use of metformin in polycystic ovary syndrome
Harborne, L., Fleming, R., Lyall, H., Norman, J. E., & Sattar, N. A. (2003) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(03)13493-9 · Cited by 256 · see citing works
Legro, R. S., Dodson, W. C., Kris-Etherton, P. M., Kunselman, A. R., Stetter, C. M., Williams, N. I., Gnatuk, C. L., Estes, S. J., Fleming, J., Allison, K. C., et al. (2015) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2015-2778 · Cited by 242 · see citing works
Metformin Reduces Serum C-Reactive Protein Levels in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Morin-Papunen, L. C., Rautio, K., Ruokonen, A., Hedberg, P. S. M., Puukka, M., & Tapanainen, J. S. (2003) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2002-021688 · Cited by 245 · see citing works
Morin-Papunen, L. C., Vauhkonen, I., Koivunen, R. M., Ruokonen, A., Martikainen, H. K., & Tapanainen, J. S. (2000) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.85.9.6792 · Cited by 239 · see citing works
ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 194: polycystic ovary syndrome
(2018) · Obstetrics & Gynecology · doi:10.1097/aog.0000000000002656 · Cited by 231 · see citing works
Hirsutism and acne in polycystic ovary syndrome
Archer, J. S., & Chang, R. J. (2004) · Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology · doi:10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2004.05.007 · Cited by 204 · see citing works
Morin-Papunen, L. C., Vauhkonen, I., Koivunen, R. M., Ruokonen, A., Martikainen, H. K., & Tapanainen, J. S. (2003) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2002-020997 · Cited by 182 · see citing works
Diamanti‐Kandarakis, E., Baillargeon, J., Iuorno, M. J., Jakubowicz, D. J., & Nestler, J. E. (2003) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2002-021528 · Cited by 168 · see citing works
Combined oral contraceptives in the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome
Vrbíková, J., & Cibula, D. (2005) · Human Reproduction Update · doi:10.1093/humupd/dmi005 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
Pasquali, R., Gambineri, A., Anconetani, B., Vicennati, V., Colitta, D., Caramelli, E., Casimirri, F., & Morselli‐Labate, A. M. (1999) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2265.1999.00701.x · Cited by 157 · see citing works
Elter, K., İmir, G., & Durmuşoğlu, F. (2002) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/17.7.1729 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Meyer, C., McGrath, B. P., & Teede, H. J. (2007) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc06-0618 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Teede, H. J., Hutchison, S. K., Zoungas, S., & Meyer, C. (2006) · Endocrine · doi:10.1385/endo:30:1:45 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Use of metformin in polycystic ovary syndrome
Mathur, R., Alexander, C. J., Yano, J., Trivax, B., & Azziz, R. (2008) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2008.09.010 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Bloomgarden, Z. T. (2003) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.26.3.933 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Drug Insight: insulin-sensitizing drugs in the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome—a reappraisal
Dunaif, A. E. (2008) · Nature Clinical Practice Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1038/ncpendmet0787 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Cussons, A. J., Stuckey, B. G. A., Walsh, J. P., Burke, V., & Norman, R. J. (2005) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2265.2004.02208.x · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Dahlgren, E., Landin, K., Krotkiewski, M., Holm, G., & Janson, P. O. (1998) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/13.10.2706 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
The effects of old, new and emerging medicines on metabolic aberrations in PCOS
Bargiota, Α., & Diamanti‐Kandarakis, E. (2012) · Therapeutic Advances in Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1177/2042018812437355 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Daniels, T. L., & Berga, S. L. (1997) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.82.12.4402 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Self-citationZeng, L., Rana, S., Hussain, L., Asif, M., Mehmood, M. H., Imran, I., Younas, A., Mahdy, A., Al‐Joufi, F. A., & Abed, S. N. (2022) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2022.874914 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
The Metabolic Syndrome in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Essah, P. A., Wickham, E. P., & Nestler, J. E. (2007) · Clinical Obstetrics & Gynecology · doi:10.1097/grf.0b013e31802f3547 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Nader, S., & Diamanti-Kandarakis, E. (2007) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/del407 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Halperin, I. J., Kumar, S. S., Stroup, D. F., & Laredo, S. (2010) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/deq301 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Dermatologic Manifestations of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Lee, A. T., & Zane, L. T. (2007) · American Journal of Clinical Dermatology · doi:10.2165/00128071-200708040-00003 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in the Pediatric Population
Bremer, A. A. (2010) · Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders · doi:10.1089/met.2010.0039 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Cardiometabolic features of polycystic ovary syndrome
Hoffman, L., & Ehrmann, D. A. (2008) · Nature Clinical Practice Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1038/ncpendmet0755 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Bloomgarden, Z. T. (2003) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.26.4.1297 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Definitions of the Insulin Resistance Syndrome
Bloomgarden, Z. T. (2004) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.27.3.824 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Melin, J., Forslund, M., Alesi, S., Piltonen, T., Romualdi, D., Spritzer, P. M., Tay, C. T., Pena, A., Witchel, S. F., Mousa, A., et al. (2024) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/clinem/dgad465 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Polycystic ovary syndrome: A review for dermatologists
Housman, E., & Reynolds, R. V. (2014) · Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology · doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2014.05.007 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Association of Hormonal Contraceptive Use With Adverse Health Outcomes
Brabaharan, S., Veettil, S. K., Kaiser, J. E., Rao, V. R. R., Wattanayingcharoenchai, R., Maharajan, M. K., Insin, P., Talungchit, P., Anothaisintawee, T., Thakkinstian, A., et al. (2022) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.43730 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Rautio, K., Tapanainen, J. S., Ruokonen, A., & Morin-Papunen, L. C. (2005) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/eje.1.01840 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Cagnacci, A., Paoletti, A. M., Renzi, A., Orrù, M., Pilloni, M., Melis, G. B., & Volpe, A. (2003) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2003-030328 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Oral contraception, body mass index, and asthma: A cross-sectional Nordic-Baltic population survey
Macsali, F., Real, F. G., Omenaas, E. R., Bjørge, L., Janson, C., Franklin, K. A., & Svanes, C. (2009) · Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2008.10.041 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Sharma, S. T., & Nestler, J. E. (2006) · Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.beem.2006.02.003 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Use of ethinylestradiol/drospirenone combination in patients with the polycystic ovary syndrome
Mathur, R. (2008) · Therapeutics and Clinical Risk Management · doi:10.2147/tcrm.s6864 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Update in polycystic ovary syndrome: new criteria of diagnosis and treatment in Japan
Kubota, T. (2013) · Reproductive Medicine and Biology · doi:10.1007/s12522-013-0145-1 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Lemay, A., Dodin, S., Turcot, L., Déchêne, F., & Forest, J. (2005) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/dei312 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in the Adolescent
Pfeifer, S. M., & Kives, S. L. (2009) · Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.ogc.2008.12.004 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Obesity and the metabolic syndrome: implications for dietetics practitioners
Bray, G. A., & Champagne, C. M. (2004) · Journal of the American Dietetic Association · doi:10.1016/j.jada.2003.10.041 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Adolescents
Pelusi, C., & Pasquali, R. (2003) · Treatments in Endocrinology · doi:10.2165/00024677-200302040-00001 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Elkind-Hirsch, K. E., Darensbourg, C., Ogden, B. W., Ogden, L. F., & Hindelang, P. (2007) · Contraception · doi:10.1016/j.contraception.2007.08.001 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Cibula, D. (2002) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/17.1.76 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Influences of weight, body fat patterning and nutrition on the management of PCOS
Lefebvre, P., Bringer, J., Renard, É., Boulet, F., Clouet, S., & Jaffiol, C. (1997) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/12.suppl_1.72 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
de Medeiros, S. F. (2017) · Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology · doi:10.1186/s12958-017-0313-y · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Adolescents
Mastorakos, G. P., Lambrinoudaki, I. V., & Creatsas, G. K. (2006) · Pediatric Drugs · doi:10.2165/00148581-200608050-00004 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Sharma, S. T., Wickham, E. P., & Nestler, J. E. (2007) · Endocrine Practice · doi:10.4158/ep.13.4.373 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Polycystic ovary syndrome: Current and future treatment paradigms
Legro, R. S. (1998) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/s0002-9378(98)70240-6 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Nestler, J. E. (2002) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/17.8.1950 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Polycystic ovary syndrome: A review for dermatologists
Buzney, E. A., Sheu, J., Buzney, C. D., & Reynolds, R. V. (2014) · Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology · doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2014.05.009 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Abnormal uterine bleeding in adolescents
Minjarez, D. A., & Bradshaw, K. D. (2000) · Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/s0889-8545(00)80007-8 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Lorenz, L. B., & Wild, R. A. (2007) · Clinical Obstetrics & Gynecology · doi:10.1097/grf.0b013e31802f5197 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
McCartney, C. R., & Marshall, J. C. (2016) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmc1610000 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Manzoor, S., Ganie, M. A., Amin, S., Shah, Z. A., Bhat, I. A., Yousuf, S. D., Jeelani, H., Kawa, I. A., Fatima, Q., & Rashid, F. (2019) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-019-46644-4 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Pharmacologic Therapy of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Dronavalli, S., & Ehrmann, D. A. (2007) · Clinical Obstetrics & Gynecology · doi:10.1097/grf.0b013e31802f35a0 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Armstrong, V. (2001) · QJM · doi:10.1093/qjmed/94.1.31 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Epilepsy
Meo, R., & Bilo, L. (2003) · Drugs · doi:10.2165/00003495-200363120-00002 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Cardiometabolic abnormalities in the polycystic ovary syndrome: Pharmacotherapeutic insights
Westerveld, H. E., Hoogendoorn, M., de Jong, A. W. F., Goverde, A. J., Fauser, B. C. J. M., & Dallinga‐Thie, G. M. (2008) · Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2008.04.009 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Korytkowski, M. T., Krug, E. I., Daly, M. A., DeRiso, L., Wilson, J. W., & Winters, S. J. (2005) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2005.06.011 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Self-citationEssah, P. A., Arrowood, J. A., Cheang, K. I., Adawadkar, S., Stovall, D. W., & Nestler, J. E. (2011) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2011.05.091 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Olatunji, L. A., Michael, O. S., Adewumi, F., Aiyegboyin, I. J., & Olatunji, V. A. (2011) · Pathophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.pathophys.2011.09.001 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Özdemir, S., Görkemli, H., Gezginç, K., Özdemir, M., & Kıyıcı, A. (2008) · International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics · doi:10.1016/j.ijgo.2008.05.017 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
The 1st World Congress on the Insulin Resistance Syndrome
Bloomgarden, Z. T. (2004) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.27.2.602 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Insulin resistance and the polycystic ovary syndrome
Hao, G. (2005) · Journal of reproductive medicine · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Jing, Z., Xu, L., Tai-xiang, W., Tang, Y., & Jia, Y.-J. (2008) · Gynecological Endocrinology · doi:10.1080/09513590802288242 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Vrbíková, J., Stanická, S., Dvorakova, K., Hill, M., Vondra, K., Bendlová, B., & Stárka, L. (2004) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/eje.0.1500215 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
The long term health consequences of polycystic ovary syndrome
Kelly, C. J., Connell, J., Cameron, I. T., Gould, G. W., & Lyall, H. (2000) · BJOG An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology · doi:10.1111/j.1471-0528.2000.tb11644.x · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Treatment of the adolescent patient with polycystic ovary syndrome
Pfeifer, S. M., & Dayal, M. B. (2003) · Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/s0889-8545(03)00028-7 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Insulin resistance in polycystic ovary syndrome: treating a phenotype without a genotype
Legro, R. S. (1998) · Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/s0303-7207(98)00176-2 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Adeniji, A. A., Essah, P. A., Nestler, J. E., & Cheang, K. I. (2016) · Journal of Women s Health · doi:10.1089/jwh.2015.5418 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Gul, O. B., Somunkiran, A., Yücel, O., Demirci, F., & Özdemir, İ. (2007) · Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics · doi:10.1007/s00404-007-0401-x · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Metabolic and fibrinolytic response to changed insulin sensitivity in users of oral contraceptives
Petersen, K. R., Christiansen, E., Madsbad, S., Skouby, S. O., Andersen, L. F., & Jespersen, J. (1999) · Contraception · doi:10.1016/s0010-7824(99)00107-9 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Tay, C. T., Joham, A. E., Hiam, D., Gadalla, M. A., Pundir, J., Thangaratinam, S., Teede, H. J., & Moran, L. (2018) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1111/cen.13753 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
The effect of pharmaceutical intervention on lipid profile in polycystic ovary syndrome
Diamanti‐Kandarakis, E., Kandaraki, E., Christakou, C. D., & Panidis, D. (2009) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/j.1467-789x.2009.00588.x · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Göde, F., Karagöz, Ç., Posacı, C., Saatli, B., Uysal, D., Seçil, M., & Akdeniz, B. (2010) · Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics · doi:10.1007/s00404-010-1790-9 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Polycystic ovary syndrome in adolescent girls
Pfeifer, S. M. (2005) · Seminars in Pediatric Surgery · doi:10.1053/j.sempedsurg.2005.01.007 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Morris, S., Grover, S. R., & Sabin, M. A. (2015) · Clinical Obesity · doi:10.1111/cob.12123 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Endocrinology: Normal serum uric acid concentrations in women with polycystic ovary syndrome
Anttila, L., Rouru, J., Penttilä, T., & Irjala, K. M. A. (1996) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.humrep.a019124 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Combined use of metformin and ethinyl estradiol–cyproterone acetate in polycystic ovary syndrome
Mitkov, M., Pehlivanov, B. K., & Terzieva, D. D. (2004) · European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology · doi:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2004.06.035 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Chronic anovulation and the polycystic ovary syndrome
KASE, N. G. (2013) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9781139003254.012 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Revisit of metformin treatment in polycystic ovarian syndrome
Lam, P., Cheung, L., & Haines, C. J. (2004) · Gynecological Endocrinology · doi:10.1080/09513590410001729194 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Pfeifer, S. M. (2003) · Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology · doi:10.1016/s1083-3188(03)00131-1 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Cheang, K. I., Essah, P. A., Sharma, S. T., Wickham, E. P., & Nestler, J. E. (2011) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2011.05.039 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
A Ketogenic Diet may Restore Fertility in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Case Series
Alwahab, U. A., Pantalone, K. M., & Burguera, B. G. (2018) · AACE Clinical Case Reports · doi:10.4158/accr-2018-0026 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Comparison of metformin and thiazolidinediones in the management of polycystic ovary syndrome
Baillargeon, J., Iuorno, M. J., & Nestler, J. E. (2002) · Current Opinion in Endocrinology & Diabetes · doi:10.1097/00060793-200208000-00003 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Puberty menorrhagia in modern era: analysis in a tertiary care centre
Koranne, P., & Wahane, A. R. (2014) · International Journal of Reproduction Contraception Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.5455/2320-1770.ijrcog20140941 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Analysis of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Coagulation Pathway Factors in OCP Treated PCOS Women
Manzoor, S., Ganie, M. A., Majid, S., Shabir, I., Kawa, I. A., Fatima, Q., Jeelani, H., Yousuf, S. D., & Rashid, F. (2020) · Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry · doi:10.1007/s12291-020-00901-w · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Liqun, L., Liu, Y., Yongyu, S., & Kan, T. (2005) · Current Medical Science · doi:10.1007/bf02873575 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Adipocyte insulin action following ovulation in polycystic ovarian syndrome
Marsden, P. J., Murdoch, A. P., & Taylor, R. (1999) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/14.9.2216 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Role of GnRH drive in the pathophysiology of polycystic ovary syndrome
Leondires, M. P., & Berga, S. L. (1998) · Journal of Endocrinological Investigation · doi:10.1007/bf03347331 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Self-citationMetformin and polycystic ovary syndrome
Lebinger, T. G. (2007) · Current Opinion in Endocrinology Diabetes and Obesity · doi:10.1097/med.0b013e328089f0ea · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Çetinkalp, Ş., Karadeniz, M., Erdoğan, M., Özgen, G., Saygl, F., & Ylmaz, C. (2009) · The Endocrinologist · doi:10.1097/ten.0b013e3181a58772 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Metabolic and endocrine effects of the desogestrel-containing oral contraceptive Mircette™
Berga, S. L. (1998) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/s0002-9378(98)70291-1 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Self-citationThe obstetrician-gynecologist’s role in the practical management of polycystic ovary syndrome
Berga, S. L. (1998) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/s0002-9378(98)70241-8 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Self-citation
- Authors
- Korytkowski, M. T., Mokan, M., Horwitz, M. J., & Berga, S. L.
- Affiliations
- University of Pittsburgh (US)
- Venue
- The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
- Publisher
- The Endocrine Society
- Published
- 1995-11
- Volume
- 80
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 3327-3334
- ISSN
- 0021-972X (ISSN-L)
- 1945-7197
- OpenAlex
- W2113514432
- Cited by
- 140
- References
- 43
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 4.57
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Center for Research Resources (M01RR000056, 5 M01 RR00056, 2S07-RR-0541629)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Ovarian function and disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diet, Metabolism, and Disease
- Keywords
- polycystic ovary syndrome, oral contraceptives, insulin resistance, insulin sensitivity index, hyperandrogenism, triglycerides, dyslipidemia, norethisterone, glucose disposal, hyperglycemic clamp, hyperinsulinemia
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Contraceptives, Oral, Female, Glucose Tolerance Test, Humans, Lipids, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, Reference Values, Gonadal Steroid Hormones, Glucose Clamp Technique
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
