Ghrelin Directly Stimulates Glucagon Secretion from Pancreatic α-Cells
Open accessAbstract
Previous work has demonstrated that the peptide hormone ghrelin raises blood glucose. Such has been attributed to ghrelin's ability to enhance GH secretion, restrict insulin release, and/or reduce insulin sensitivity. Ghrelin's reported effects on glucagon have been inconsistent. Here, both animal- and cell-based systems were used to determine the role of glucagon in mediating ghrelin's effects on blood glucose. The tissue and cell distribution of ghrelin receptors (GHSR) was evaluated by quantitative PCR and histochemistry. Plasma glucagon levels were determined following acute acyl-ghrelin injections and in pharmacological and/or transgenic mouse models of ghrelin overexpression and GHSR deletion. Isolated mouse islets and the α-cell lines αTC1 and InR1G9 were used to evaluate ghrelin's effects on glucagon secretion and the role of calcium and ERK in this activity. GHSR mRNA was abundantly expressed in mouse islets and colocalized with glucagon in α-cells. Elevation of acyl-ghrelin acutely (after sc administration, such that physiologically relevant plasma ghrelin levels were achieved) and chronically (by slow-releasing osmotic pumps and as observed in transgenic mice harboring ghrelinomas) led to higher plasma glucagon and increased blood glucose. Conversely, genetic GHSR deletion was associated with lower plasma glucagon and reduced fasting blood glucose. Acyl-ghrelin increased glucagon secretion in a dose-dependent manner from mouse islets and α-cell lines, in a manner requiring elevation of intracellular calcium and phosphorylation of ERK. Our study shows that ghrelin's regulation of blood glucose involves direct stimulation of glucagon secretion from α-cells and introduces the ghrelin-glucagon axis as an important mechanism controlling glycemia under fasting conditions.
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Ghrelin stimulates glucagon secretion in pancreatic α-cells.
“Ghrelin also stimulates glucagon secretion in pancreatic α‐cells 51.”
From Inter‐organ communication: a gatekeeper for metabolic health (2019) · cites this paper as [51]
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Self-citation“A LEAP 2 conclusions? Targeting the ghrelin system to treat obesity and diabetes”
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Ghrelin Receptor Agonist Rescues Excess Neonatal Mortality in a Prader-Willi Syndrome Mouse Model
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Ghrelin Protects against Dexamethasone-Induced INS-1 Cell Apoptosis via ERK and p38MAPK Signaling
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Self-citationNeuroendocrine Peptides of the Gut and Their Role in the Regulation of Food Intake
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β Cell GHS-R Regulates Insulin Secretion and Sensitivity
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Ghrelin, Neuroinflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Mood Disorders: What Are the Connections?
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Ghrelin Protects Against Insulin-Induced Hypoglycemia in a Mouse Model of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
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Self-citationExpression of Serum Retinol Binding Protein and Transthyretin within Mouse Gastric Ghrelin Cells
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Similar Developmental Patterns of Ghrelin- and Glucagon-Expressing Cells in the Human Pancreas
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Self-citationThe GHSR1a antagonist LEAP2 regulates islet hormone release in a sex-specific manner
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Neuroendocrine Peptides of the Gut and Their Role in the Regulation of Food Intake
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Gastrointestinal Hormones Controlling Energy Homeostasis and Their Potential Role in Obesity
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- Authors
- Chuang, J.-C., Sakata, I., Kohno, D., Perello, M., Osborne-Lawrence, S., Repa, J. J., & Zigman, J. M.
- Affiliations
- The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (US)
- Departments of Internal Medicine [Divisions of Hypothalamic Research (J.-C.C., I.S., D.K., M.P., S.O.-L., J.J.R., J.M.Z.), The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-9077
- Corresponding author
- Zigman, Jeffrey M.
- Venue
- Molecular Endocrinology
- Publisher
- The Endocrine Society
- Published
- 2011-09-01
- Volume
- 25
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 1600-1611
- ISSN
- 0888-8809 (ISSN-L)
- 1944-9917
- PMC
- PMC3165914
- OpenAlex
- W2014093079
- Cited by
- 141
- References
- 53
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 10.47
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Molecular Endocrinology (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- CONICET Digital (CONICET) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- Funders
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (5RL1DK08118504, RL1DK081185, R01DK071320, K08DK068069, 5R01DK07132006)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Pancreatic function and diabetes
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
- Keywords
- ghrelin, glucagon secretion, alpha cells, growth hormone secretagogue receptor, acylated ghrelin, blood glucose regulation, fasting blood glucose, intracellular calcium, ERK1/2 phosphorylation, pancreatic islets, insulin sensitivity
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Blood Glucose, Calcium, Cell Line, Enzyme Activation, Glucagon, Injections, Subcutaneous, Male, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Mice, Transgenic, Down-Regulation, Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases, Glucagon-Secreting Cells, Mice, Rats, Ghrelin, Receptors, Ghrelin
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