Minireview: Endocrine disruptors: Past lessons and future directions

Schug, Thaddeus T.; Johnson, Anne F.; Birnbaum, Linda S.; Colborn, Theo; Guillette, Louis J.; Crews, David P.; Collins, Terry; Soto, Ana M.; vom Saal, Frederick S.; McLachlan, John A.; Sonnenschein, Carlos; Heindel, Jerrold J.

doi:10.1210/me.2016-1096

Cited by 283Effects and risks of endocrine disrupting chemicalsEstrogen and related hormone effectsSexual Differentiation and Disorders

Minireview: Endocrine disruptors: Past lessons and future directions

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Schug, Thaddeus T., Johnson, Anne F., Birnbaum, Linda S., Colborn, Theo, Guillette, Louis J., Crews, David P., Collins, Terry, Soto, Ana M. +4 more·2016·Molecular Endocrinology

DOI 10.1210/me.2016-1096PMC PMC4965846

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Abstract

Within the past few decades, the concept of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) has risen from a position of total obscurity to become a focus of dialogue, debate, and concern among scientists, physicians, regulators, and the public.The emergence and development of this field of study has not always followed a smooth path, and researchers continue to wrestle with questions about the low-dose effects and nonmonotonic dose responses seen with EDCs, their biological mechanisms of action, the true pervasiveness of these chemicals in our environment and in our bodies, and the extent of their effects on human and wildlife health.This review chronicles the development of the unique, multidisciplinary field of endocrine disruption, highlighting what we have learned about the threat of EDCs and lessons that could be relevant to other fields.It also offers perspectives on the future of the field and opportunities to better protect human health.(Molecular Endocrinology 30: 833-847, 2016) O ver the past half-century, the concept of endocrine- disrupting chemicals (EDCs) has risen from total obscurity to become nearly a household term.A 2012 Endocrine Society statement defined endocrine disruptors as "an exogenous chemical, or mixture of chemicals, that can interfere with any aspect of hormone action" (1).These chemicals can bind to the body's endocrine receptors to activate, block, or alter natural hormone synthesis and degradation by a plethora of mechanisms resulting in "false" or abnormal hormonal signals that can increase or inhibit normal endocrine functioning (Figure 1).Scientific understanding of EDCs has undergone a remarkable evolution.In 1958, Roy Hertz presaged the idea that certain chemicals, then used in livestock feedlots, could find their way into people's bodies and mimic the activity of hormones (2).Little came of the idea until the 1970s, when physicians and researchers began to link certain chemicals with rare cancers and reproductive effects in humans and wildlife.Unfortunately, as our

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Evidence from epidemiological, molecular toxicology and animal studies provides compelling evidence of adverse developmental effects and transgenerational toxicity of EDC.
“Although it is impossible to perform experimental studies in humans, evidence from epidemiological, molecular toxicology and animal studies provide compelling evidence of adverse developmental effects and transgenerational toxicity [172,190,192,199].”
From Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: An Evolutionary Adaptation to Lifestyle and the Environment (2022) · cites this paper as [192]
The review’s “Mounting Evidence Fuels Concern and Debate” section describes EDC mechanisms and developmental effects. Its “Transgenerational Effects and Epigenetics” section reports effects in rats and third-generation offspring after high-dose exposures, but characterizes broader consequences for future generations as an emerging possibility, not established transgenerational toxicity. Page numbers are unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.86)
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More than 1000 EDC have been identified in food, air, water, pesticides, plastics, personal care products, and other consumer goods, raising specific concerns for pregnant women and women with increased susceptibility to metabolic diseases such as PCOS.
“The identification of more than 1000 EDC in food, air, water, pesticides, plastics, personal care products, and other consumer goods, raises specific concerns for pregnant women and women with increased susceptibility to metabolic diseases such as PCOS [36,172,192,193,194].”
From Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: An Evolutionary Adaptation to Lifestyle and the Environment (2022) · cites this paper as [192]
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Anthropomorphic chemical exposure is ubiquitous in the environment and has possible effects on many aspects related to women's health and PCOS.
“Anthropomorphic chemical exposure is ubiquitous in the environment and has possible effects on many aspects related to women’s health and PCOS [36,190,191,192].”
From Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: An Evolutionary Adaptation to Lifestyle and the Environment (2022) · cites this paper as [192]
The Abstract (page not provided) describes endocrine-disrupting chemicals as prevalent in the environment and links them to reproductive and other health effects. The Early Days section (page not provided) also discusses effects on women exposed to DES. Neither passage establishes an effect on PCOS specifically; ovarian cysts mentioned in the latter are not the same as a PCOS finding. (LLM, conf=0.88)
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Authors: Schug, T. T., Johnson, A. F., Birnbaum, L. S., Colborn, T., Guillette, L. J., Crews, D. P., Collins, T., Soto, A. M., vom Saal, F. S., McLachlan, J. A., Sonnenschein, C., & Heindel, J. J.
Affiliations: National Institutes of Health (US)
2MDB, Inc (A.F.J.), Durham, North Carolina 27713
The Endocrine Disruption Exchange (T.Colb.), Paonia, Colorado 81428
Medical University of South Carolina (US)
The University of Texas at Austin (US)
Carnegie Mellon University (US)
Tufts University (US)
Division of Biological Sciences and Department (F.S.v.S.),University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri 65211
Tulane University (US)
Corresponding author: Schug, Thaddeus T.
ORCID: Birnbaum, Linda S.
Crews, David P.
Soto, Ana M.
McLachlan, John A.
Sonnenschein, Carlos
Heindel, Jerrold J.
Venue: Molecular Endocrinology
Publisher: The Endocrine Society
Published: 2016-08-01
Volume: 30
Issue: 8
Pages: 833-847
ISSN: 0888-8809 (ISSN-L)
1944-9917
DOI: 10.1210/me.2016-1096
PMC: PMC4965846
OpenAlex: W2503753278
Semantic Scholar: 8e45965fd73ceb54f9dcc2b0d62c84443a703b96
Cited by: 282
References: 113
Citations by year: 2026: 16 · 2025: 25 · 2024: 27 · 2023: 34 · 2022: 36 · 2021: 35 · 2020: 40 · 2019: 34 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 3
FWCI: 2.53
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: Molecular Endocrinology (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
HAL (submittedVersion)
Funders: National Science Foundation (1051623)
Avon Foundation for Women
Heinz Endowments
National Institutes of Health (5r01es020662-05)
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (R01-ES020662, R01ES008314, R56ES020662, R01ES023254)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Effects and risks of endocrine disrupting chemicals
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Estrogen and related hormone effects
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Sexual Differentiation and Disorders
Keywords: endocrine disruptors, low-dose effects, non-monotonic dose-response, mechanism of action, environmental exposure, human health effects, hormone action, endocrine receptors, reproductive effects, cancer, regulatory policy
MeSH terms: Bisphenol A Compounds, Animals, Benzhydryl Compounds, Hormones, Humans, Phenols, Reproduction, Signal Transduction, Epigenesis, Genetic, Endocrine Disruptors

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