Transgenerational effects of prenatal bisphenol A on social recognition
Open accessAbstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a man-made endocrine disrupting compound used to manufacture polycarbonate plastics. It is found in plastic bottles, canned food linings, thermal receipts and other commonly used items. Over 93% of people have detectable BPA levels in their urine. Epidemiological studies report correlations between BPA levels during pregnancy and activity, anxiety, and depression in children. We fed female mice control or BPA-containing diets that produced plasma BPA concentrations similar to concentrations in humans. Females were mated and at birth, pups were fostered to control dams to limit BPA exposure to gestation in the first generation. Sibling pairs were bred to the third generation with no further BPA exposure. First (F1) and third (F3) generation juveniles were tested for social recognition and in the open field. Adult F3 mice were tested for olfactory discrimination. In both generations, BPA exposed juvenile mice displayed higher levels of investigation than controls in a social recognition task. In F3 BPA exposed mice, dishabituation to a novel female was impaired. In the open field, no differences were noted in F1 mice, while in F3, BPA lineage mice were more active than controls. No impairments were detected in F3 mice, all were able to discriminate different male urine pools and urine from water. No sex differences were found in any task. These results demonstrate that BPA exposure during gestation has long lasting, transgenerational effects on social recognition and activity in mice. These findings show that BPA exposure has transgenerational actions on behavior and have implications for human neurodevelopmental behavioral disorders.
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BPA exposure effects on social behavior (juvenile social recognition and social investigation) were directionally inconsistent across generations.
“Evidence of effects on social behavior, including juvenile social recognition and social investigation, was reported but directionally inconsistent across generations”
From Endocrine Disruption of Vasopressin Systems and Related Behaviors (2017) · cites this paper as [104]
The Results section reports increased juvenile social investigation in both F1 and F3 BPA-lineage mice, not effects in opposite directions across generations. It also reports impaired responses to a novel female in F3 but not F1; that is a generation-specific difference in social recognition, not a reversal in the direction of social investigation. (LLM, conf=0.87)
Checked by a reasoning model — may be wrong.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredBPA perturbs social recognition in mice.
“BPA also perturbs social recognition in mice (Wolstenholme et al., 2013).”
From The effects of prenatal PCBs on adult social behavior in rats (2015) · cites this paper as Wolstenholme et al., 2013
F3 generation mice exposed to BPA displayed reduced responses to novel females.
“the F3 generation displaying reduced responses to novel females”
From Endocrine Disruption of Vasopressin Systems and Related Behaviors (2017) · cites this paper as [104]
F1 generation mice exposed to BPA showed heightened social investigation.
“the F1 generation showing heightened social investigation”
From Endocrine Disruption of Vasopressin Systems and Related Behaviors (2017) · cites this paper as [104]
F4 mice exposed to BPA more actively engaged with social peers than those from an unexposed lineage.
“the F4 mice more actively engaged with their social peers than those from an unexposed lineage (104)”
From Endocrine Disruption of Vasopressin Systems and Related Behaviors (2017) · cites this paper as [104]
Despite intact olfactory senses, F3 mice from the BPA lineage did not become habituated to a familiar stimulus mouse and did not switch their interaction preference after the introduction of a novel mouse.
“Despite intact olfactory senses, F3 mice from the BPA lineage did not become habituated to a familiar stimulus mouse and did not switch their interaction preference after the introduction of a novel mouse [ 147 ].”
From DNA methylation: a mechanism linking environmental chemical exposures to risk of autism spectrum disorders? (2016) · cites this paper as [147]
Compared with controls, F3 juvenile mice from the BPA exposed line (5 mg/kg diet) showed increased locomoter activity in the open field test and increased investigation of a stimulus mouse upon subsequent trials.
“In one study, compared with controls, F3 juvenile mice from the BPA exposed line (5 mg/kg diet) showed increased locomoter activity in the open field test and increased investigation of a stimulus mouse upon subsequent trials [ 147 ].”
From DNA methylation: a mechanism linking environmental chemical exposures to risk of autism spectrum disorders? (2016) · cites this paper as [147]
In utero BPA exposure has been implicated in transgenerational effects on rodent brain development and behavior.
“In utero BPA exposure has also been implicated in transgenerational effects on rodent brain development and behavior.”
From DNA methylation: a mechanism linking environmental chemical exposures to risk of autism spectrum disorders? (2016) · cites this paper as [147]
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BackgroundAn old culprit but a new story: bisphenol A and “NextGen” bisphenols
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- Authors
- Wolstenholme, J. T., Goldsby, J. A., & Rissman, E. F.
- Affiliations
- University of Virginia (US)
- Corresponding author
- Rissman, Emilie F.
- Venue
- Hormones and Behavior
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2013-11
- Volume
- 64
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 833-839
- ISSN
- 0018-506X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3955720
- OpenAlex
- W2083314087
- Cited by
- 157
- References
- 64
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 24 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 12.96
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Hormones and Behavior (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- NIH (R01 MH057759)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Effects and risks of endocrine disrupting chemicals
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Sexual Differentiation and Disorders
- Keywords
- bisphenol A, endocrine disruptors, transgenerational effects, prenatal exposure, social recognition, odor discrimination, exploratory behavior, neurodevelopmental disorders, maternal diet
- MeSH terms
- Bisphenol A Compounds, Animals, Benzhydryl Compounds, Female, Male, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Motor Activity, Phenols, Pregnancy, Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects, Social Behavior, Maternal Exposure, Recognition, Psychology, Mice, Endocrine Disruptors
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