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Mild hypercholesterolemia is an early risk factor for the development of Alzheimer amyloid pathology
Abstract
Background Epidemiologic and experimental data suggest that cholesterol may play a role in the pathogenesis of AD. Modulation of cholesterolemia in transgenic animal models of AD strongly alters amyloid pathology. Objective To determine whether a relationship exists between amyloid deposition and total cholesterolemia (TC) in the human brain. Methods The authors reviewed autopsy cases of patients older than 40 years and correlated cholesterolemia and presence or absence of amyloid deposition (amyloid positive vs amyloid negative subjects) and cholesterolemia and amyloid load. Amyloid load in human brains was measured by immunohistochemistry and image analysis. To remove the effect of apoE isoforms on cholesterol levels, cases were genotyped and duplicate analyses were performed on apoE3/3 subjects. Results Cholesterolemia correlates with presence of amyloid deposition in the youngest subjects (40 to 55 years) with early amyloid deposition (diffuse type of senile plaques) (p = 0.000 for all apoE isoforms; p = 0.009 for apoE3/3 subjects). In this group, increases in cholesterolemia from 181 to 200 almost tripled the odds for developing amyloid, independent of apoE isoform. A logistic regression model showed consistent results (McFadden rho2 = 0.445). The difference in mean TC between subjects with and without amyloid disappeared as the age of the sample increased (>55 years: p = 0.491), possibly reflecting the effect of cardiovascular deaths among other possibilities. TC and am…
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High midlife plasma total cholesterol levels are associated with an increased risk of Alzheimer's disease.
“Epidemiological studies suggest that high midlife plasma total cholesterol levels are associated with an increased risk of AD.”
From ApoB100/LDLR-/- Hypercholesterolaemic Mice as a Model for Mild Cognitive Impairment and Neuronal Damage (2011) · cites this paper as [2]
Hypercholesterolaemia is an early risk factor for Alzheimer's disease.
“Epidemiological studies have shown that hypercholesterolaemia is an early (rather than a late) risk factor for AD, and that elevated plasma concentrations of LDL cholesterol correlate well with the appearance of AD [1], [2], [3], [4].”
From ApoB100/LDLR-/- Hypercholesterolaemic Mice as a Model for Mild Cognitive Impairment and Neuronal Damage (2011) · cites this paper as [2]
Hypercholesterolaemia may be an early risk factor for AD.
“Patients with FH are exposed to higher cholesterol levels from birth, and it is reported that hypercholesterolaemia may be an early risk factor for AD [2], [4].”
From ApoB100/LDLR-/- Hypercholesterolaemic Mice as a Model for Mild Cognitive Impairment and Neuronal Damage (2011) · cites this paper as [2]
Individuals with elevated midlife plasma cholesterol are at increased risk of dementia and AD.
“Clinical and epidemiological evidence suggest that individuals with elevated midlife plasma cholesterol are at increased risk of dementia and AD [1], [2], [3], [4].”
From ApoB100/LDLR-/- Hypercholesterolaemic Mice as a Model for Mild Cognitive Impairment and Neuronal Damage (2011) · cites this paper as [2]
Patients with FH are exposed to higher cholesterol levels from birth.
“Patients with FH are exposed to higher cholesterol levels from birth, and it is reported that hypercholesterolaemia may be an early risk factor for AD [2], [4].”
From ApoB100/LDLR-/- Hypercholesterolaemic Mice as a Model for Mild Cognitive Impairment and Neuronal Damage (2011) · cites this paper as [2]
Patients with familial hypercholesterolaemia show a particularly high incidence of mild cognitive impairment.
“Patients with familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) show a particularly high incidence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI), a prodromal stage of abnormal cognitive performance which precedes AD [2], [4].”
From ApoB100/LDLR-/- Hypercholesterolaemic Mice as a Model for Mild Cognitive Impairment and Neuronal Damage (2011) · cites this paper as [2]
Elevated plasma LDL cholesterol concentrations correlate with the appearance of Alzheimer's disease.
“Epidemiological studies have shown that hypercholesterolaemia is an early (rather than a late) risk factor for AD, and that elevated plasma concentrations of LDL cholesterol correlate well with the appearance of AD [1], [2], [3], [4].”
From ApoB100/LDLR-/- Hypercholesterolaemic Mice as a Model for Mild Cognitive Impairment and Neuronal Damage (2011) · cites this paper as [2]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Pappolla, M. A., Bryant-Thomas, T. K., Herbert, D., Pacheco, J., Fabra Garcia, M., Manjon, M., Girones, X., Henry, T. L., Matsubara, E., Zambon, D., Wolozin, B., Sano, M., Cruz-Sanchez, F. F., Thal, L. J., Petanceska, S. S., & Refolo, L. M.
- Affiliations
- *Co-last authors.
- Venue
- Neurology
- Published
- 2003-07-22
- Volume
- 61
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 199-205
- ISSN
- 0028-3878
- 1526-632X
- Cited by
- 247
- References
- 2
- Language
- en
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