Cited by 104Alzheimer's disease research and treatmentsDementia and Cognitive Impairment ResearchNeuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms

APP Function and Lipids: A Bidirectional Link

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Grimm, Marcus O. W., Mett, Janine, Grimm, Heike S., Hartmann, Tobias·2017·Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience

Abstract

Extracellular neuritic plaques, composed of aggregated amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides, are one of the major histopathological hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a progressive, irreversible neurodegenerative disorder and the most common cause of dementia in the elderly. One of the most prominent risk factor for sporadic AD, carrying one or two aberrant copies of the apolipoprotein E (ApoE) ɛ4 alleles, closely links AD to lipids. Further, several lipid classes and fatty acids have been reported to be changed in the brain of AD-affected individuals. Interestingly, the observed lipid changes in the brain seem not only to be a consequence of the disease but also modulate Aβ generation. In line with these observations protective lipids being able to decrease Aβ generation and also potential negative lipids in respect to AD were identified. Mechanistically, Aβ peptides are generated by sequential proteolytic processing of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) by β- and γ-secretase. The α-secretase appears to compete with β-secretase for the initial cleavage of APP, preventing Aβ production. All APP-cleaving secretases as well as APP are transmembrane proteins, further illustrating the impact of lipids on Aβ generation. Beside the pathological impact of Aβ, accumulating evidence suggests that Aβ and the APP intracellular domain (AICD) play an important role in regulating lipid homeostasis, either by direct effects or by affecting gene expression or protein stability of enzymes involved in the de novo synthesis of different lipid classes. This review summarizes the current literature addressing the complex bidirectional link between lipids and AD and APP processing including lipid alterations found in AD post mortem brains, lipids that alter APP processing and the physiological functions of Aβ and AICD in the regulation of several lipid metabolism pathways.

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Crossref · 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00063

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  • There is evidence that alternative APP-derived fragments as well as APP itself play important roles in the modulation of immune cell activation, protein clearance, and lipid homeostasis.

    “Indeed, there is evidence that alternative APP-derived fragments as well as APP itself play important roles in the modulation of immune cell activation [160], protein clearance [161], and lipid homeostasis [162].”

    From Genetic architecture of Alzheimer's disease (2020) · cites this paper as [162]

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Authors
Grimm, M. O. W., Mett, J., Grimm, H. S., & Hartmann, T.
Affiliations
Saarland University (DE)
Corresponding author
Grimm, Marcus O. W.
Venue
Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience
Published
2017-03-10
Volume
10
Pages
63-63
ISSN
1662-5099 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2594288299
Cited by
104
References
265
Citations by year
2026: 6 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 4
FWCI
1.34
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
cc-by
Locations
  • Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
EU Joint Programme – Neurodegenerative Disease Research
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
Keywords
Alzheimer's disease, amyloid-beta, amyloid precursor protein, APOE ε4, lipid metabolism, beta-secretase, gamma-secretase, alpha-secretase, APP intracellular domain, lipid homeostasis, fatty acids, neuritic plaques, lipid dysregulation

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