Cited by 15,011Multiple Sclerosis Research StudiesHealth Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of LifeVoice and Speech Disorders

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 12 of the 13 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Rating neurologic impairment in multiple sclerosis: An expanded disability status scale (EDSS)

Kurtzke, John F.·1983·Neurology

DOI 10.1212/wnl.33.11.1444

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

One method of evaluating the degree of neurologic impairment in MS has been the combination of grades (0 = normal to 5 or 6 = maximal impairment) within 8 Functional Systems (FS) and an overall Disability Status Scale (DSS) that had steps from 0 (normal) to 10 (death due to MS). A new Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) is presented, with each of the former steps (1,2,3 . . . 9) now divided into two (1.0, 1.5, 2.0 . . . 9.5). The lower portion is obligatorily defined by Functional System grades. The FS are Pyramidal, Cerebellar, Brain Stem, Sensory, Bowel & Bladder, Visual, Cerebral, and Other; the Sensory and Bowel & Bladder Systems have been revised. Patterns of FS and relations of FS by type and grade to the DSS are demonstrated.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1212/wnl.33.11.1444

Cites

12 of 12 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

On the evaluation of disability in multiple sclerosis
Kurtzke, J. F. (1961) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.11.8.686 · Cited by 330
Further notes on disability evaluation in multiple sclerosis, with scale modifications
Kurtzke, J. F. (1965) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.15.7.654 · Cited by 309
A New Scale for Evaluating Disability in Multiple Sclerosis
Kurtzke, J. F. (1955) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.5.8.580 · Cited by 305
Appreciating the consequences of disease: the international classification of impairments, disabilities, and handicaps.
Wood, P. (1980) · PubMed · Cited by 247
NEUROLOGIC IMPAIRMENT IN MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS AND THE DISABILITY STATUS SCALE
Kurtzke, J. F. (1970) · Acta Neurologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1970.tb05808.x · Cited by 156
A PROPOSAL FOR A UNIFORM MINIMAL RECORD OF DISABILITY IN MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS
Kurtzke, J. F. (1981) · Acta Neurologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1981.tb05548.x · Cited by 127
STUDIES ON THE NATURAL HISTORY OF MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS 6. Clinical and Laboratory Findings at First Diagnosis
Kurtzke, J. F., Beebe, G. W., Nagler, B., Auth, T. L., Kurland, L. T., & Nefzger, M. D. (1972) · Acta Neurologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1972.tb07525.x · Cited by 68
THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC SCALE
Mellerup, E., Fog, T., Raun, N. E., Colville, P., de Rham, B., Hannah, B., & Kurtzke, J. F. (1981) · Acta Neurologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1981.tb05549.x · Cited by 53
The effects of isoniazid on patients with multiple sclerosis; preliminary report.
Kurtzke, J. F., & Berlin, L. (1954) · PubMed · doi:10.1164/art.1954.70.4.577 · Cited by 23
ACUTE RESPIRATORY FAILURE IN MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS AND ITS MANAGEMENT
Guthrie, T. C., Kurtzke, J. F., & BERLIN, L. (1952) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-37-6-1197 · Cited by 20

Show all 13 references

Sorted by citations

Items 801–900 of 1,135

Benign multiple sclerosis
Amato, M. P., Zipoli, V., Goretti, B., Portaccio, E., Caro, M. F. D., Ricchiuti, L., Siracusa, G., Masini, M., Sorbi, S., & Trojano, M. (2006) · Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1007/s00415-006-0161-8 · Cited by 164
Work Productivity in Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis: Associations with Disability, Depression, Fatigue, Anxiety, Cognition, and Health-Related Quality of Life
Glanz, B. I., Degano, I. R., Rintell, D. J., Chitnis, T., Weiner, H. L., & Healy, B. C. (2012) · Value in Health · doi:10.1016/j.jval.2012.07.010 · Cited by 170
Quality of life and lifestyle disruption in euthymic bipolar disorder
Robb, J. C., Cooke, R. G., Devins, G. M., Young, L. T., & Joffe, R. T. (1997) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-3956(97)00030-7 · Cited by 164
A randomized trial of intravenous immunoglobulin in inflammatory demyelinating optic neuritis
Noseworthy, J. H., O’Brien, P. C., Petterson, T. M., Weis, J. A., Stevens, L., Peterson, W. K., Sneve, D., Cross, S. A., Leavitt, J. A., Auger, R. G., et al. (2001) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.56.11.1514 · Cited by 164
Natural history of multiple sclerosis
Kantarci, O. H., & Weinshenker, B. G. (2005) · Neurologic Clinics · doi:10.1016/j.ncl.2004.10.002 · Cited by 164
Evidence of an abnormal intramuscular component of fatigue in multiple sclerosis
Sharma, K. R., Kent‐Braun, J. A., Mynhier, M. A., Weiner, M. W., & Miller, R. G. (1995) · Muscle & Nerve · doi:10.1002/mus.880181210 · Cited by 164
Cognitive Impairment in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis and Mild Physical Disability
van den Burg, W., van Zomeren, A. H., Minderhoud, J. M., Prange, A. J. A., & Meijer, N. S. A. (1987) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.1987.00520170024017 · Cited by 167
Relating neocortical pathology to disability progression in multiple sclerosis using MRI
Chen, J.-T., Narayanan, S., Collins, D., Smith, S. M., Matthews, P., & Arnold, D. (2004) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2004.07.046 · Cited by 169
Gender-related effect of clinical and genetic variables on the cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis
Savettieri, G., Messina, D., Andreoli, V., Bonavita, S., Caltagirone, C., Cittadella, R., Farina, D., Fazio, M. C., Girlanda, P., Pira, F. L., et al. (2004) · Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1007/s00415-004-0508-y · Cited by 163
New low-contrast vision charts: reliability and test characteristics in patients with multiple sclerosis
Balcer, L. J., Baier, M. L., Pelak, V. S., Fox, R. J., Shuwairi, S. M., Galetta, S. L., Cutter, G., & Maguire, M. G. (2000) · Multiple Sclerosis Journal · doi:10.1177/135245850000600305 · Cited by 163
Contribution of impaired mobility to patient burden in multiple sclerosis
Sutliff, M. H. (2009) · Current Medical Research and Opinion · doi:10.1185/03007990903433528 · Cited by 167
Temporal changes and geographical differences in multiple sclerosis phenotypes in Japanese: nationwide survey results over 30 years
Osoegawa, M., Kira, J., Fukazawa, T., Fujihara, K., Kikuchi, S., Matsui, M., Kohriyama, T., Sobue, G., Yamamura, T., Itoyama, Y., et al. (2008) · Multiple Sclerosis Journal · doi:10.1177/1352458508098372 · Cited by 162
Nitric oxide synthase is present in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with active multiple sclerosis and is associated with increases in cerebrospinal fluid protein nitrotyrosine and S‐nitrosothiols and with changes in glutathione levels
Calabrese, V., Scapagnini, G., Ravagna, A., Bella, R., Foresti, R., Bates, T. E., Stella, A. G., & Pennisi, G. (2002) · Journal of Neuroscience Research · doi:10.1002/jnr.10408 · Cited by 163
Increased transforming growth factor‐β, interleukin‐4, and interferon‐γ in multiple sclerosis
Link, J., Söderström, M. B., Olsson, T. P., Höjeberg, B., Ljungdahl, Å., & Link, H. (1994) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.410360309 · Cited by 162
Natural history of multiple sclerosis in a population‐based cohort
Debouverie, M., Pittion‐Vouyovitch, S., Léonard-Louis, S., Guillemin, F., & for the LORSEP Group (2008) · European Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1111/j.1468-1331.2008.02241.x · Cited by 174
Exercise, Functional Limitations, and Quality of Life: A Longitudinal Study of Persons With Multiple Sclerosis
Stuifbergen, A. M., Blozis, S. A., Harrison, T. C., & Becker, H. (2006) · Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2006.04.003 · Cited by 161
Predicting habitual walking performance in multiple sclerosis: relevance of capacity and self-report measures
Gijbels, D., Alders, G., Hoof, E. V., Charlier, C., Roelants, M., Broekmans, T., Eijnde, B. O., & Feys, P. (2010) · Multiple Sclerosis Journal · doi:10.1177/1352458510361357 · Cited by 161
Low-fat, plant-based diet in multiple sclerosis: A randomized controlled trial
Yadav, V., Marracci, G., Kim, E., Spain, R., Cameron, M. H., Overs, S. E., Riddehough, A., Li, D. K. B., McDougall, J., Lovera, J. F., et al. (2016) · Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.msard.2016.07.001 · Cited by 159
Cost of Illness of Multiple Sclerosis - A Systematic Review
Ernstsson, O., Gyllensten, H., Alexanderson, K. A. E., Tinghög, P., Friberg, E., & Norlund, A. (2016) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0159129 · Cited by 161
A study of oligoclonal band negative multiple sclerosis.
Zeman, A. Z., Kidd, D. P., McLean, B., Kelly, M. A., Francis, D. A., Miller, D. H., Kendall, B. E., Rudge, P., Thompson, E. J., & McDonald, W. I. (1996) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.60.1.27 · Cited by 161
Gabapentin effect on spasticity in multiple sclerosis: A placebo-controlled, randomized trial
Cutter, N. C., Scott, D. D., Johnson, J. C., & Whiteneck, G. G. (2000) · Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1016/s0003-9993(00)90135-7 · Cited by 161
The Clinical Course of Multiple Sclerosis During Pregnancy and the Puerperium
Birk, K., Ford, C., Smeltzer, S. C., Ryan, D., Miller, R. K., & Rudick, R. A. (1990) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.1990.00530070026007 · Cited by 161
Late‐Onset Multiple Sclerosis
Polliack, M., Barak, Y., & Achiron, A. (2001) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1046/j.1532-5415.2001.49038.x · Cited by 161
Aerobic Capacity in Persons with Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Langeskov‐Christensen, M., Heine, M., Kwakkel, G., & Dalgas, U. (2015) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-015-0307-x · Cited by 164
Multimodal evoked potentials to assess the evolution of multiple sclerosis: a longitudinal study
Leocani, L. (2006) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.2005.086280 · Cited by 160
Leg Power Asymmetry and Postural Control in Women with Multiple Sclerosis
Chung, L. H., Remelius, J. G., van Emmerik, R. E. A., & Kent‐Braun, J. A. (2008) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e31817e32a3 · Cited by 160
Fatigue in multiple sclerosis – Insights into evaluation and management
Ayache, S. S., & Chalah, M. A. (2017) · Neurophysiologie Clinique · doi:10.1016/j.neucli.2017.02.004 · Cited by 163
Epstein-Barr virus–specific T cell therapy for progressive multiple sclerosis
Pender, M. P., Csurhes, P. A., Smith, C., Douglas, N. L., Neller, M. A., Matthews, K. K., Beagley, L., Rehan, S., Crooks, P., Hopkins, T. J., et al. (2018) · JCI Insight · doi:10.1172/jci.insight.124714 · Cited by 160
Nocturnal sleep study in multiple sclerosis: Correlations with clinical and brain magnetic resonance imaging findings
Ferini‐Strambi, L., Filippi, M., Martinelli, V., Oldani, A., Rovaris, M., Zucconi, M., Comı, G., & Smirne, S. (1994) · Journal of the Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1016/0022-510x(94)90035-3 · Cited by 160
Sensory symptoms of multiple sclerosis: a hidden reservoir of morbidity
Rae-Grant, A., Eckert, N., Bartz, S., & REED, J. F. (1999) · Multiple Sclerosis Journal · doi:10.1177/135245859900500307 · Cited by 160
Change in MS-related disability in a population-based cohort
Pittock, S. J., Mayr, W. T., McClelland, R. L., Jorgensen, N. W., Weigand, S. D., Noseworthy, J. H., Weinshenker, B. G., & Rodriguez, M. (2004) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000101724.93433.00 · Cited by 160
Absolute quantification of brain metabolites by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in normal-appearing white matter of multiple sclerosis patients
Sarchielli, P., Presciutti, O., Pelliccioli, G. P., Tarducci, R., Gobbi, G., Chiarini, P., Alberti, A., Vicinanza, F., & Gallai, V. (1999) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/122.3.513 · Cited by 160
Health‐related quality of life in multiple sclerosis: effects of natalizumab
Rudick, R. A., Miller, D., Hass, S., Hutchinson, M., Calabresi, P. A., Confavreux, C., Galetta, S. L., Giovannoni, G., Havrdova, E., Kappos, L., et al. (2007) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.21163 · Cited by 195
Self-administered Expanded Disability Status Scale with functional system scores correlates well with a physician-administered test
Bowen, J., Gibbons, L., Gianas, A., & Kraft, G. H. (2001) · Multiple Sclerosis Journal · doi:10.1177/135245850100700311 · Cited by 182
Gait Abnormalities in Multiple Sclerosis: Pathogenesis, Evaluation, and Advances in Treatment
Cameron, M. H., & Wagner, J. M. (2011) · Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports · doi:10.1007/s11910-011-0214-y · Cited by 159
Atrophy mainly affects the limbic system and the deep grey matter at the first stage of multiple sclerosis
Audoin, B., Zaaraoui, W., Françoise Reuter, A., Rico, A., Irina Malikova, A., Sylviane Confort-gouny, A., Cozzone, P. J., Pelletier, J., & Ranjeva, J. (2010) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.2009.188748 · Cited by 168
Clinically meaningful performance benchmarks in MS
Goldman, M. D., Motl, R. W., Scagnelli, J., Pula, J. H., Sosnoff, J. J., & Cadavid, D. (2013) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000436065.97642.d2 · Cited by 159
Upper and Lower Extremity Motor Function and Cognitive Impairment in Multiple Sclerosis
Benedict, R. H. B., Holtzer, R., Motl, R. W., Foley, F. W., Kaur, S., Hojnacki, D. W., & Weinstock‐Guttman, B. (2011) · Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society · doi:10.1017/s1355617711000403 · Cited by 159
The effect of exercise training in adults with multiple sclerosis with severe mobility disability: A systematic review and future research directions
Edwards, T. A., & Pilutti, L. A. (2017) · Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.msard.2017.06.003 · Cited by 163
Vitamin D for the management of multiple sclerosis
Jagannath, V. A., Filippini, G., do Nascimento, I. J. B., Pietrantonj, C. D., Robak, E. W., & Whamond, L. (2018) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd008422.pub3 · Cited by 159
Promoting remyelination in multiple sclerosis
Cunniffe, N. G., & Coles, A. J. (2019) · Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1007/s00415-019-09421-x · Cited by 172
The National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire: experience of the ONTT. Optic Neuritis Treatment Trial.
Cole, S. R., Beck, R. W., Moke, P. S., Gal, R. L., & Long, D. T. (2000) · PubMed · Cited by 159
Spinal MRI in patients with suspected multiple sclerosis and negative brain MRI
Thorpe, J. W., Kidd, D. P., MOSELEY, I. F., Thompson, A. J., MacManus, D. G., Compston, D. A. S., McDonald, W. I., & Miller, D. H. (1996) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/119.3.709 · Cited by 159
Cognitive impairment is associated with subcortical magnetic resonance imaging grey matter T2 hypointensity in multiple sclerosis
Brass, S. D., Benedict, R. H. B., Weinstock‐Guttman, B., Munschauer, F., & Bakshi, R. (2006) · Multiple Sclerosis Journal · doi:10.1191/135248506ms1301oa · Cited by 156
MRI correlates of cognitive impairment in childhood-onset multiple sclerosis.
Till, C., Ghassemi, R., Aubert-Broche, B., Kerbrat, A., Collins, D. L., Narayanan, S., Arnold, D. L., Desrocher, M. E., Sled, J. G., & Banwell, B. (2011) · Neuropsychology · doi:10.1037/a0022051 · Cited by 158
MS and neuromyelitis optica in Martinique (French West Indies)
Cabre, P., Heinzlef, O., Merle, H., Buisson, G.-G., Béra, O., Bellance, R., Vernant, J. C., & Smadja, D. (2001) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.56.4.507 · Cited by 158
Progressive ventricular enlargement in patients with clinically isolated syndromes is associated with the early development of multiple sclerosis
Dalton, C. M. (2002) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.73.2.141 · Cited by 158
Neuropsychologic Status in Multiple Sclerosis After Treatment With Glatiramer
Weinstein, A., Schwid, S. I. L., Schiffer, R. B., McDermott, M., Giang, D., & Goodman, A. D. (1999) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.56.3.319 · Cited by 158
Optic neuromyelitis syndrome in Brazilian patients
Alvarenga, R. M. P., Miranda-Santos, C. M., Puccioni‐Sohler, M., Almeida, A., de Oliveira, S. G. S. B., Oliveira, C. A. B. D., Alvarenga, H., & Poser, C. M. (2002) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.73.4.429 · Cited by 157
Specialist palliative care improves the quality of life in advanced neurodegenerative disorders: NE-PAL, a pilot randomised controlled study
Veronese, S., Gallo, G., Valle, A., Cugno, C., Chiò, A., Calvo, A., Cavalla, P., Zibetti, M., Rivoiro, C., & Oliver, D. (2015) · BMJ Supportive & Palliative Care · doi:10.1136/bmjspcare-2014-000788 · Cited by 157
Blood transcriptional signatures of multiple sclerosis: Unique gene expression of disease activity
Achiron, A., Gurevich, M., Friedman, N., Kaminski, N., & Mandel, M. (2004) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.20008 · Cited by 153
Multiple sclerosis in children under 6 years of age
Ruggieri, M., Polizzi, A., Pavone, L., & Grimaldi, L. M. E. (1999) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.53.3.478 · Cited by 157
Disability and prognosis in multiple sclerosis: demographic and clinical variables important for the ability to walk and awarding of disability pension
Myhr, K., Riise, T., Vedeler, C., Nortvedt, M. W., Grønning, M., Midgard, R., & Nyland, H. (2001) · Multiple Sclerosis · doi:10.1177/135245850100700110 · Cited by 179
Magnetization transfer MRI metrics predict the accumulation of disability 8 years later in patients with multiple sclerosis.
Agosta, F., Rovaris, M., Pagani, E., Sormani, M., Comi, G., & Filippi, M. (2006) · Brain : a journal of neurology · doi:10.1093/brain/awl208 · Cited by 162
Epidemiology and natural history of multiple sclerosis: new insights
Kantarci, O., & Wingerchuk, D. (2006) · Current Opinion in Neurology · doi:10.1097/01.wco.0000227033.47458.82 · Cited by 156
Mitoxantrone for multiple sclerosis
Boneschi, F. M., Vacchi, L., Rovaris, M., Capra, R., & Comi, G. (2013) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd002127.pub3 · Cited by 160
Treatment of Optic Neuritis by Plasma Exchange (Add-On) in Neuromyelitis Optica
Merle, H., Olindo, S., Jeannin, S., Valentino, R., Mehdaoui, H., Cabot, F. A., Donnio, A., Hage, R., Richer, R., Smadja, D., et al. (2012) · Archives of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1001/archophthalmol.2012.1126 · Cited by 156
In vivo assessment of cervical cord damage in MS patients: a longitudinal diffusion tensor MRI study.
Agosta, F., Absinta, M., Sormani, M., Ghezzi, A., Bertolotto, A., Montanari, E., Comi, G., & Filippi, M. (2007) · Brain : a journal of neurology · doi:10.1093/brain/awm110 · Cited by 160
Relevance of Spinal Cord Abnormalities to Clinical Disability in Multiple Sclerosis: MR Imaging Findings in a Large Cohort of Patients
Lukas, C., Sombekke, M. H., Bellenberg, B., Hahn, H. K., Popescu, V., Bendfeldt, K., Radue, E. W., Gass, A., Borgwardt, S., Kappos, L., et al. (2013) · Radiology · doi:10.1148/radiol.13122566 · Cited by 156
Brain atrophy and lesion load in a large population of patients with multiple sclerosis
Tedeschi, G., Lavorgna, L., Russo, P., Prinster, A., Dinacci, D., Savettieri, G., Quattrone, A., Livrea, P., Messina, C., Reggio, A., et al. (2005) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000168837.87351.1f · Cited by 167
Depression in Multiple Sclerosis: Epidemiology, Aetiology, Diagnosis and Treatment
Solaro, C. M., Gamberini, G., & Masuccio, F. G. (2018) · CNS Drugs · doi:10.1007/s40263-018-0489-5 · Cited by 171
Longitudinal Assessment of Multiple Sclerosis with the Brain‐Age Paradigm
Cole, J. H., Raffel, J., Friede, T., Eshaghi, A., Brownlee, W. J., Chard, D., Stefano, N. D., Enzinger, C., Pirpamer, L., Filippi, M., et al. (2020) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.25746 · Cited by 158
Genetic basis for clinical expression in multiple sclerosis
The Multiple Sclerosis Genetics Group, Barcellos, L. F., Oksenberg, J. R., Green, A. J., Bucher, P., Rimmler, J. B., Schmidt, S., Garcia, M., Lincoln, R., Pericak‐Vance, M. A., et al. (2002) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awf009 · Cited by 154
The use of mitoxantrone (Novantrone) for the treatment of multiple sclerosis [RETIRED]
Goodin, D. S., Arnason, B. G. W., Coyle, P. K., Frohman, E. M., & Paty, D. W. (2003) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000095425.84407.39 · Cited by 156
Correlations between monthly enhanced MRI Lesion rate and changes in T2 Lesion volume in multiple sclerosis
Molyneux, P. D., Filippi, M., Barkhof, F., Gasperini, C., Yousry, T. A., Lruyen, L., Lai, H. M., Rocca, M. A., MOSELEY, I. F., & Miller, D. H. (1998) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.410430311 · Cited by 156
Tobacco smoking and disability progression in multiple sclerosis: United Kingdom cohort study
Manouchehrinia, A., Tench, C. R., Maxted, J., Bibani, R. H., Britton, J., & Constantinescu, C. S. (2013) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awt139 · Cited by 184
Improving Gait in Multiple Sclerosis Using Robot-Assisted, Body Weight Supported Treadmill Training
Lo, A., & Triche, E. W. (2008) · Neurorehabilitation and neural repair · doi:10.1177/1545968308318473 · Cited by 155
Altered diffusion tensor in multiple sclerosis normal‐appearing brain tissue: Cortical diffusion changes seem related to clinical deterioration
Vrenken, H., Pouwels, P. J. W., Geurts, J. J. G., Knol, D. L., Polman, C. H., Barkhof, F., & Castelijns, J. A. (2006) · Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging · doi:10.1002/jmri.20564 · Cited by 153
Deep gray matter perfusion in multiple sclerosis: dynamic susceptibility contrast perfusion magnetic resonance imaging at 3 T.
Inglese, M., Park, S.-J., Johnson, G., Babb, J., Miles, L., Jaggi, H., Herbert, J., & Grossman, R. (2007) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.64.2.196 · Cited by 161
Widespread cortical thinning characterizes patients with MS with mild cognitive impairment
Calabrese, M., Rinaldi, F., Mattisi, I., Grossi, P., Favaretto, A., Atzori, M., Bernardi, V., Barachino, L., Romualdi, C., Rinaldi, L., et al. (2010) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0b013e3181cbcd03 · Cited by 167
Improved in vivo detection of cortical lesions in multiple sclerosis using double inversion recovery MR imaging at 3 Tesla
Simon, B., Schmidt, S., Lukas, C., Gieseke, J., Träber, F., Knol, D. L., Willinek, W. A., Geurts, J. J. G., Schild, H. H., Barkhof, F., et al. (2010) · European Radiology · doi:10.1007/s00330-009-1705-y · Cited by 159
Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders
Sepúlveda, M., Armangué, T., Solà‐Valls, N., Arrambide, G., Meca-Lallana, J. E., Oreja‐Guevara, C., Mendibe, M., de Arcaya, A. Á., Aladro, Y., Casanova, B., et al. (2016) · Neurology Neuroimmunology & Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1212/nxi.0000000000000225 · Cited by 155
Risk of new disease activity in patients with multiple sclerosis who continue or discontinue disease-modifying therapies (DISCOMS): a multicentre, randomised, single-blind, phase 4, non-inferiority trial
Corboy, J. R., Fox, R. J., Kister, I., Cutter, G., Morgan, C. J., Seale, R., Engebretson, E., Gustafson, T., Miller, A., Bourdette, D., et al. (2023) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(23)00154-0 · Cited by 160
How to detect cognitive dysfunction at early stages of multiple sclerosis?
Deloire, M. S. A., Bonnet, M., Salort‐Campana, E., Arimone, Y., Boudineau, M., Petry, K. G., & Brochet, B. (2006) · Multiple Sclerosis Journal · doi:10.1191/1352458506ms1289oa · Cited by 155
Natural History of the Visual Impairment of Relapsing Neuromyelitis Optica
Merle, H., Olindo, S., Bonnan, M., Donnio, A., Richer, R., Smadja, D., & Cabre, P. (2006) · Ophthalmology · doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2006.06.060 · Cited by 155
A comparison of memory performance in relapsing-remitting, primary progressive and secondary progressive, multiple sclerosis.
Gaudino, E. A., Chiaravalloti, N. D., DeLuca, J., & Diamond, B. J. (2001) · PubMed · Cited by 155
Increases in soluble VCAM‐1 correlate with a decrease in MRI lesions in multiple sclerosis treated with interferon β‐1b
Calabresi, P. A., Tranquill, L. R., Dambrosia, J. M., Stone, L. A., Maloni, H. W., Bash, C. N., Frank, J. A., & McFarland, H. F. (1997) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.410410517 · Cited by 155
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) for fatigue in multiple sclerosis
Ferrucci, R., Vergari, M., Cogiamanian, F. M., Bocci, T., Ciocca, M., Tomasini, E., Riz, M. A. D., Scarpini, E. A., & Priori, A. (2014) · Neurorehabilitation · doi:10.3233/nre-131019 · Cited by 154
Motor cortex excitability and fatigue in multiple sclerosis: a transcranial magnetic stimulation study
Liepert, J., Mingers, D., Heesen, C., Bäumer, T., & Weiller, C. (2005) · Multiple Sclerosis Journal · doi:10.1191/1352458505ms1163oa · Cited by 154
Retinal Damage in Multiple Sclerosis Disease Subtypes Measured by High-Resolution Optical Coherence Tomography
Oberwahrenbrock, T., Schippling, S., Ringelstein, M., Kaufhold, F., Zimmermann, H. G., Keser, N., Young, K. L., Harmel, J., Hartung, H., Martinꝉ, R., et al. (2012) · Multiple Sclerosis International · doi:10.1155/2012/530305 · Cited by 156
Multiple Sclerosis–Related Fatigue
MacAllister, W. S., & Krupp, L. (2005) · Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.pmr.2005.01.014 · Cited by 152
Serum interleukin‐2 concentrations in Guillain‐Barré syndrome and chronic idiopathic demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy: Comparison with other neurological diseases of presumed immunopathogenesis
Hartung, H., Reiners, K., Schmidt, B. G., Stoll, G., & Toyka, K. V. (1991) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.410300110 · Cited by 154
Cerebrospinal fluid and serum levels and intrathecal production of active matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) as markers of disease activity in patients with multiple sclerosis
Fainardi, E., Castellazzi, M., Bellini, T., Manfrinato, M. C., Baldi, E., Casetta, I., Paolino, E., Granieri, E., & Dallocchio, F. (2006) · Multiple Sclerosis Journal · doi:10.1191/135248506ms1274oa · Cited by 145
The predictive value of gray matter atrophy in clinically isolated syndromes
Calabrese, M., Rinaldi, F., Mattisi, I., Bernardi, V., Favaretto, A. G., de Perini, P., & Gallo, P. (2011) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0b013e318220abd4 · Cited by 153
Nabiximols (THC/CBD Oromucosal Spray, Sativex®) in Clinical Practice - Results of a Multicenter, Non-Interventional Study (MOVE 2) in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis Spasticity
Flachenecker, P., Henze, T., & Zettl, U. K. (2014) · European Neurology · doi:10.1159/000357427 · Cited by 155
Cognitive impairment and decline in different MS subtypes
Huijbregts, S. C. J., Kalkers, N. F., de Sonneville, L. M. J., de Groot, V., & Polman, C. H. (2006) · Journal of the Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.jns.2005.07.018 · Cited by 154
Effects of Bacille Calmette-Guérin after the first demyelinating event in the CNS
Ristori, G., Romano, S., Cannoni, S., Visconti, A., Tinelli, E., Mendozzi, L., Cecconi, P., Lanzillo, R., Quarantelli, M., Buttinelli, C., et al. (2013) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000438216.93319.ab · Cited by 153
Computer-Assisted Cognitive Rehabilitation of Attention Deficits for Multiple Sclerosis
Cerasa, A., Gioia, M. C., Valentino, P., Nisticò, R., Chiriaco, C., Pirritano, D., Tomaiuolo, F., Mangone, G., Trotta, M., Tallarico, T., et al. (2012) · Neurorehabilitation and neural repair · doi:10.1177/1545968312465194 · Cited by 153
Long-term effects of delayed-release dimethyl fumarate in multiple sclerosis: Interim analysis of ENDORSE, a randomized extension study
Gold, R., Arnold, D. L., Bar‐Or, A., Hutchinson, M., Kappos, L., Havrdová, E., MacManus, D. G., Yousry, T. A., Pozzilli, C., Selmaj, K. W., et al. (2016) · Multiple Sclerosis Journal · doi:10.1177/1352458516649037 · Cited by 153
Comparison of a generic to disease-targeted health-related quality-of-life measures for multiple sclerosis
Vickrey, B. G., Hays, R. D., Genovese, B., Myers, L. W., & Ellison, G. W. (1997) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/s0895-4356(97)00001-2 · Cited by 155
Lipoic acid in multiple sclerosis: a pilot study
Yadav, V., Marracci, G., Lovera, J. F., Woodward, W. R., Bogardus, K., Marquardt, W. E., Shinto, L. H., Morris, C. D., & BOURDETTE, D. N. (2005) · Multiple Sclerosis Journal · doi:10.1191/1352458505ms1143oa · Cited by 154
Short-term brain volume change in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: Effect of glatiramer acetate and implications
Rovaris, M. (2001) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/124.9.1803 · Cited by 153
Cognitive Functioning and Depression in Patients With Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and Multiple Sclerosis
Krupp, L., Sliwinski, M. J., Masur, D. M., Friedberg, F., & Coyle, P. K. (1994) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.1994.00540190089021 · Cited by 153
Longitudinal assessment of anxiety, depression, and fatigue in people with multiple sclerosis.
Brown, R. F., Valpiani, E. M., Tennant, C. C., Dunn, S. M., Sharrock, M., Hodgkinson, S., & Pollard, J. D. (2009) · Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice · doi:10.1348/147608308x345614 · Cited by 150
The relationship between perceived and objective cognitive functioning in multiple sclerosis
Middleton, L. S., Denney, D. R., Lynch, S. G., & Parmenter, B. A. (2006) · Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology · doi:10.1016/j.acn.2006.06.008 · Cited by 153
A model for the comprehensive investigation of a chronic autoimmune disease: The multiple sclerosis CLIMB study
Gauthier, S. A., Glanz, B. I., Mandel, M., & Weiner, H. L. (2006) · Autoimmunity Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2006.02.012 · Cited by 152
Assessing brain connectivity at rest is clinically relevant in early multiple sclerosis
Faivre, A., Rico, A., Zaaraoui, W., Crespy, L., Françoise Reuter, A., Wybrecht, D., Soulier, E., Irina Malikova, A., Sylviane Confort-gouny, A., Cozzone, P. J., et al. (2012) · Multiple Sclerosis Journal · doi:10.1177/1352458511435930 · Cited by 161
Fatigue in MS is associated with specific clinical features
Colosimo, C., Millefiorini, E., Grasso, M. G., Vinci, F., Fiorelli, M., Koudriavtseva, T., & Pozzilli, C. (2009) · Acta Neurologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1995.tb00145.x · Cited by 152
CCR5 Δ32, matrix metalloproteinase-9 and disease activity in multiple sclerosis
Sellebjerg, F. T., Madsen, H. O., Jensen, C. V., Jensen, J. S., & Garred, P. (2000) · Journal of Neuroimmunology · doi:10.1016/s0165-5728(99)00166-6 · Cited by 150
Circulating adhesion molecules and tumor necrosis factor receptor in multiple sclerosis: Correlation with magnetic resonance imaging
Hartung, H., Reiners, K., Archelos, J. J., MICHELS, M., Seeldrayers, P., Heidenreich, F., Pflughaupt, K. W., & Toyka, K. V. (1995) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.410380210 · Cited by 152

Authors: Kurtzke, J. F.
Affiliations: Georgetown University (US)
Corresponding author: Kurtzke, John F.
Venue: Neurology
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Published: 1983-11
Volume: 33
Issue: 11
Pages: 1444-1444
ISSN: 0028-3878 (ISSN-L)
1526-632X
DOI: 10.1212/wnl.33.11.1444
OpenAlex: W2112165124
Cited by: 15,011
References: 13
Citations by year: 2026: 474 · 2025: 622 · 2024: 692 · 2023: 648 · 2022: 722 · 2021: 781 · 2020: 764 · 2019: 648 · 2018: 603 · 2017: 592 · 2016: 657 · 2015: 634 · 2014: 632 · 2013: 586 · 2012: 581
FWCI: 9.57
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Neurology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Multiple Sclerosis Research Studies
Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life
Health Sciences › Health Professions › Speech and Hearing › Voice and Speech Disorders
Keywords: multiple sclerosis, Expanded Disability Status Scale, disability assessment, neurological deficit, functional systems, pyramidal system, cerebellar function, brainstem, sensory impairment, bowel and bladder dysfunction, visual impairment
MeSH terms: Humans, Multiple Sclerosis, Nervous System Diseases, Neurologic Examination

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Rating neurologic impairment in multiple sclerosis: An expanded disability status scale (EDSS)

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks