Longitudinal assessment of anxiety, depression, and fatigue in people with multiple sclerosis.
Abstract
Objectives. No longitudinal studies have concurrently evaluated predictors of anxiety, depression, and fatigue in people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS). This study determined factors that best predicted anxiety, depression, and fatigue in MS patients from a large pool of disease, cognitive, life‐event stressor (LES), psychosocial, life‐style, and demographic factors. Design. A 2‐year prospective longitudinal study evaluated predictors of psychological distress and fatigue in PwMS. Methods. One hundred and one consecutive participants with MS were recruited from two MS clinics in Sydney, Australia. LES, anxiety, depression, and fatigue were assessed at baseline and at 3‐monthly intervals for 2‐years. Disease, cognitive, demographic, psychosocial, and life‐style factors were assessed at baseline. Patient‐reported relapses were recorded and corroborated by neurologists or evaluated against accepted relapse criteria. Results. Depression strongly predicted anxiety and fatigue, and anxiety and fatigue strongly predicted later depression. Psychological distress (i.e. anxiety, depression) was also predicted by a combination of unhealthy behaviours (e.g. drug use, smoking, no exercise, or relaxation) and psychological factors (e.g. low optimism, avoidance coping), similar to the results of community‐based studies. However, state‐anxiety and fatigue were also predicted by immunotherapy status, and fatigue was also predicted by LES and demographics. Conclusions. These results suggest that similar factors might underpin psychological distress and fatigue in MS patients and community‐well samples, although MS treatment factors may also be important. These results might assist clinicians in determining which MS patients are at greatest risk of developing anxiety, depression, or fatigue.
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Depression in multiple sclerosis is strongly related to lower quality of life, cognitive dysfunction, elevated suicide risk and fatigue.
“It has also been shown that depression in MS is strongly related to lower quality of life, cognitive dysfunction, elevated suicide risk and fatigue (Fruehwald et al., 2001; Brown et al., 2009; Patrick et al., 2009; Fiest et al., 2016; Boeschoten et al., 2017), which is one of the most commonly reported and debilitating symptoms of MS (Wallin et al., 2006).”
From The effectiveness of a body-affective mindfulness intervention for multiple sclerosis patients with depressive symptoms: A randomized controlled clinical trial (2017) · cites this paper as Brown et al., 2009
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- Authors
- Brown, R. F., Valpiani, E. M., Tennant, C. C., Dunn, S. M., Sharrock, M., Hodgkinson, S., & Pollard, J. D.
- Affiliations
- University of New England (AU)
- The University of Sydney (AU)
- Liverpool Hospital (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Brown, R. F.
- Venue
- Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2009-03
- Volume
- 82
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 41-56
- ISSN
- 1476-0835 (ISSN-L)
- 2044-8341
- OpenAlex
- W2024367195
- Cited by
- 150
- References
- 45
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 4.26
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychology and Psychotherapy Theory Research and Practice (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- EPubDev Repository (submittedVersion)
- ANU Open Research (Australian National University) (submittedVersion)
- RUNE (Research UNE) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Multiple Sclerosis Australia
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Multiple Sclerosis Research Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer survivorship and care
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Keywords
- multiple sclerosis, anxiety, depression, fatigue, psychological distress, predictors of psychological distress, immunotherapy, optimism, avoidance coping, relapse, psychosocial factors
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Psychological, Adult, Anxiety Disorders, Depressive Disorder, Disability Evaluation, Fatigue, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Health Status, Humans, Life Style, Male, Motivation, Multiple Sclerosis, Prospective Studies, Psychology, Surveys and Questionnaires, Severity of Illness Index, Sleep Wake Disorders, Social Support
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