Neurodegeneration and sport
Abstract
The recent interest in concussion in sport has resulted in significant media focus about chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), although a direct causative link(s) between concussion and CTE is not established. Typically, sport-related CTE occurs in a retired athlete with or without a history of concussion(s) who presents with a constellation of cognitive, mood, and/or behavioral symptoms and who has postmortem findings of tau deposition within the brain. There are many confounding variables, however, that can account for brain tau deposition, including genetic mutations, drugs, normal aging, environmental factors, postmortem brain processing, and toxins. To understand the roles of such factors in neurodegenerative diseases that may occur in athletes, this article reviews some neurodegenerative diseases that may present with similar findings in nonathletes. The article also reviews pathological changes identified with normal aging, and reviews the pathological findings of CTE in light of all these factors. While many of these athletes have a history of exposure to head impacts as a part of contact sport, there is insufficient evidence to establish causation between sports concussion and CTE. It is likely that many of the cases with neuropathological findings represent the normal aging process, the effects of opiate abuse, or a variant of frontotemporal lobar degeneration. Whether particular genetic causes may place athletes at greater risk of neurodegenerative disease is yet to be determined.
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Most of the gross and microscopic features described as characteristic of CTE have not been independently verified as specific to CTE, and virtually all are associated with aging, other neurological diseases, or both.
“Most of the above-mentioned gross and microscopic features have not, as yet, been independently verified as specific to CTE [27–30], and virtually all are associated with aging, other neurological diseases, or both.”
From The Need to Separate Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy Neuropathology from Clinical Features (2017) · cites this paper as [28]
Involvement in contact sports and a history of multiple concussions causes long-term effects on brain health.
“Involvement in contact sports and a history of multiple concussions has been shown to cause long-term effects on brain health [27, 88, 95]”
From DNA repair deficiency and senescence in concussed professional athletes involved in contact sports (2019) · cites this paper as [27]
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Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy
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Versorgung von Kopfverletzungen
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7 Concussion: Long-term Sequelae Concussion
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Spectacles of Violence in Sport
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From Criminal Minds to Deviant Brains
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Repeated mild spinal cord contusions exacerbate tauopathy development in PS19 mice
Halloin, N., Debortoli, N., Lopez‐Gutierrez, L., COLLIGNON, H., Marlier, Z., Ando, K., Suain, V., Conrard, L., Mignolet, M., Sprimont, L., et al. (2026) · Acta Neuropathologica Communications · doi:10.1186/s40478-026-02378-9
- Authors
- Davis, G. A., Castellani, R. J., & McCrory, P.
- Affiliations
- University of Maryland, Baltimore (US)
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Davis, Gavin A.
- Venue
- Neurosurgery
- Published
- 2015-06
- Volume
- 76
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 643-656
- ISSN
- 0148-396X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2028142689
- Cited by
- 47
- References
- 99
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 13 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 5
- FWCI
- 1.04
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Neurosurgery (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Traumatic Brain Injury Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Keywords
- chronic traumatic encephalopathy, sports-related concussion, neurodegeneration, tau deposition, normal aging, opiate abuse, frontotemporal lobar degeneration, contact sports, head impact, genetic risk factors, postmortem neuropathology
- MeSH terms
- Aging, Athletic Injuries, Brain, Brain Concussion, Humans, Sports, Neurodegenerative Diseases, Brain Injury, Chronic, Athletes
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