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Effect of Exercise on Depression
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In the citing paper
“The size of the effect of exercise compared with no treatment in the studies we analysed is similar to those found by three previous meta-analyses.[9][10][11]”
In the citing paper
“Three meta-analyses have looked at the effect of exercise on depression, and all found a benefit.[9][10][11]”
In the citing paper
“However, these analyses pooled data from a range of study types that included uncontrolled studies and randomised as well as non-randomised controlled trials.They also pooled data from trials that compared exercise and no treatment with data from trials that compared exercise and other forms of treatment, and they did not explicitly assess the quality of the studies.”
In the citing paper
“However, three of these reviews pooled data from a range of study types that included uncontrolled studies and randomised as well as non-randomised controlled trials, and pooled data from trials that compared exercise and no treatment with data from trials that compared exercise and other forms of treatment (Craft 1998;Carlson 1991;North 1990).”
From Exercise for depression (2009) · cites this paper as North 1990
In the citing paper
“Several meta-analyses (Craft 1998;Carlson 1991;North 1990;Lawlor 2001;Stathopoulou 2006;Sjosten 2006) have looked at the effect of exercise on depression and all found that exercise was of benefit.”
From Exercise for depression (2009) · cites this paper as North 1990
In the citing paper
“Previous systematic reviews which found that exercise improved depression included uncontrolled trials (North 1990;Craft 1998;Carlson 1991, so the results of these reviews are probably biased in favour of exercise.”
From Exercise for depression (2009) · cites this paper as North 1990
In the citing paper
“This was partly consistent with previous meta-analyses in which the length of exercise was the only characteristic related to the effect size for depression treatment [168, 169], and where 9–12 weeks were associated with the largest reduction.”
From Comparative Effectiveness of Multiple Exercise Interventions in the Treatment of Mental Health Disorders: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis (2022) · cites this paper as [169]
Citations
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Items 301–400 of 650
Physical Activity as a Helpful Adjunct to Substance Abuse Treatment
Williams, D. J., & Strean, W. B. (2004) · Journal of Social Work Practice in the Addictions · doi:10.1300/j160v04n03_06 · Cited by 21
Farr, S. L., Dietz, P. M., Williams, J. R., Gibbs, F. A., & Tregear, S. (2011) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 20
Ansiedad, depresión y práctica de ejercicio físico en estudiantes universitarias
Zafra, A. O., Ortega, E., & Candel, N. (2010) · Apunts Sports Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.apunts.2010.03.001 · Cited by 20
Physical Activity Promotion in Social Work
Williams, D. J., & Strean, W. B. (2006) · Social Work · doi:10.1093/sw/51.2.180 · Cited by 22
Zhang, D., Gabriel, K. P., Sidney, S., Sternfeld, B., Jacobs, D. R., & Whitaker, K. M. (2021) · Preventive Medicine Reports · doi:10.1016/j.pmedr.2021.101489 · Cited by 21
“…been widely used to record and capture (primarily ambulatory) movement; however, certain activities that may relate to depressive symptoms may not be accurately detected depending on the location of device and instructions to remove devices during water-based activities (Pedisic and Bauman, 2015).”
BackgroundCao, Y., & Huang, L.-H. (2023) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su15108369 · Cited by 23
Tobin, D. E., & Thow, M. (1999) · Coronary Health Care · doi:10.1016/s1362-3265(99)80028-5 · Cited by 19
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“Meta-analyses that have tested exercise training as an intervention for depression have consistently shown that exercise training decreases depressive symptoms as compared to control groups (Craft and Landers 1998; Doyne et al. 1983; McDonald and Hogdon 1991; North et al. 1990).”
BackgroundPhysical activity during pregnancy and postpartum depressive symptoms
Demissie, Z., Siega‐Riz, A. M., Evenson, K. R., Herring, A. H., Dole, N., & Gaynes, B. N. (2012) · Midwifery · doi:10.1016/j.midw.2011.12.006 · Cited by 21
“One possible mechanism of physical activity’s effect on depression is that it serves as a distraction from life stressors (North et al., 1990; Craft and Perna, 2004).”
BackgroundThe Relationship Between Depression and Occupational, Household, and Leisure-Time Physical Activity
Lin, L., Halgin, R. P., Well, A. D., & Ockene, I. S. (2008) · Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology · doi:10.1123/jcsp.2.2.95 · Cited by 19
“A number of literature reviews on physical activity and depression exist in both narrative format (Biddle, 2000; Martinsen, 1990; Morgan, 1994; Salmon, 2001; Sime, 1987; Taylor, Sallis, & Needle, 1985) and meta-analysis format (McDonald & Hodgdon, 1991; North, McCullagh, & Tran, 1990; Stich, 1999).”
Mood changes in women after an aerobics class: A preliminary study
Choi, P. Y. L., Horn, J. D. V., Picker, D. E., & Roberts, H. I. (1993) · Health Care For Women International · doi:10.1080/07399339309516038 · Cited by 19
A mental health informatics study on the mediating effect of the regulatory emotional self-efficacy
Xu, Z., & Du, J. (2021) · Mathematical Biosciences & Engineering · doi:10.3934/mbe.2021141 · Cited by 17
The Utilization of Exercise to Decrease Depressive Symptoms in Young Adult Women
Balkin, R. S., Tietjen-Smith, T., Caldwell, C., & Shen, Y.-P. (2007) · Adultspan Journal · doi:10.1002/j.2161-0029.2007.tb00027.x · Cited by 18
Högberg, G., & Hällström, T. (2008) · Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/1359104507088348 · Cited by 19
Annesi, J. J. (2005) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.2466/pr0.96.3.891-898 · Cited by 18
Samadzadeh, M., Abbasi, M., & Shahbazzadegan, B. (2011) · Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.04.032 · Cited by 18
Annesi, J. J., Westcott, W., & Gann, S. (2004) · Perceptual and Motor Skills · doi:10.2466/pms.98.1.163-170 · Cited by 18
Mao, F., Yin, A., Zhao, S., & Fang, Q. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1449612 · Cited by 29
“Some instances in this context include increased VO 2 max, elevated brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and enhanced cerebral blood flow (North et al., 1990).”
A fizikai aktivitás, mint egészségbefektetés
Pfau, C. S., Pető, K., & Bába, É. B. (2019) · Egészségfejlesztés · doi:10.24365/ef.v60i1.354 · Cited by 17
The Endocannabinoid System as Modulator of Exercise Benefits in Mental Health
Amatriain‐Fernández, S., Budde, H., Gronwald, T., Quiroga, C., Carreón, C., Viana-Torre, G., Yamamoto, T., Imperatori, C., Machado, S. E. D. C., & Murillo‐Rodríguez, E. (2020) · Current Neuropharmacology · doi:10.2174/1570159x19666201218112748 · Cited by 18
“2174/1871527315666151111120714 PMID: 26556090 [169] North, T.”
BackgroundInfluentialA lifetime perspective on risk factors for cognitive decline with a special focus on early events
Kuhn, H. G., Skau, S., & Nyberg, J. (2024) · Cerebral Circulation - Cognition and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.cccb.2024.100217 · Cited by 24
“The available evidence also indicates several psychological benefits of physical activity, which encompass a decrease in symptoms of depression [139 – 142] and anxiety [139,143 – 145], as well as enhancements in self-esteem [143,146].”
BackgroundThe effects of an outdoor exercise program on mood states among the elderly
Ματσούκα, Ο., Bebetsos, E., Trigonis, I., & Simakis, S. (2010) · World Leisure Journal · doi:10.1080/04419057.2010.9674620 · Cited by 17
Mandigo, J. (2010) · Revue phénEPS / PHEnex Journal · Cited by 16
Cutcliffe, J. R., & Travale, R. (2016) · Issues in Mental Health Nursing · doi:10.3109/01612840.2015.1119220 · Cited by 17
THE BENEFITS OF EXERCISE FOR WOMEN
Tanji, J. L. (2000) · Clinics in Sports Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0278-5919(05)70197-6 · Cited by 16
Sport and exercise as medicine in the prevention and treatment of depression
Lange, K. W., Nakamura, Y., & Lange, K. M. (2023) · Frontiers in Sports and Active Living · doi:10.3389/fspor.2023.1136314 · Cited by 22
“This confirmed findings of previous meta-analyses, which had shown that exercise length was the only characteristic related to the effect size for depression treatment (24, 25), with intervention periods of 9–12 weeks being associated with the largest reduction.”
ResultAnnesi, J. J., & Westcott, W. L. (2004) · Perceptual and Motor Skills · doi:10.2466/pms.99.1.107-115 · Cited by 16
Annesi, J. J. (2004) · Perceptual and Motor Skills · doi:10.2466/pms.99.5.191-194 · Cited by 16
Do Patients with Severe Traumatic Brain Injury Benefit from Physiotherapy? A Review of the Evidence
Watson, M. J. (2001) · Physical Therapy Reviews · doi:10.1179/ptr.2001.6.4.233 · Cited by 16
Annesi, J. J. (2002) · Perceptual and Motor Skills · doi:10.2466/pms.2002.95.3.719 · Cited by 19
Non-pharmacological modification of cardiac risk factors: part 1
Eagles, C. J., Gulati, R., & Martin, U. (1996) · Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2710.1996.tb00023.x · Cited by 15
Effect of physical activity on suicidal ideation differs by gender and activity level
Kim, H.-W., Shin, C., Han, K., & Han, C. (2019) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2019.07.043 · Cited by 14
Association between Type and Intensity of Physical Activity and Depression
Chang, Y., Park, K., Hwang, H., & Park, H.-K. (2022) · Korean Journal of Family Medicine · doi:10.4082/kjfm.21.0146 · Cited by 18
Correctional Recreation on Death Row
Williams, D., Walker, G. J., & Strean, W. B. (2005) · Journal of Offender Rehabilitation · doi:10.1300/j076v42n02_04 · Cited by 15
The relationship between exercise participation and depressed mood in women with fibromyalgia
Costa, D. D., Dobkin, P. L., Dritsa, M., & Fitzcharles, M. (2001) · Psychology Health & Medicine · doi:10.1080/13548500125537 · Cited by 14
“Moreover, despite a host of methodological shortcomings, a few studies in healthy and non-healthy samples have suggested that exercise may be bene cial for improving depressed mood (Moore & Blumenthal, 1998; North et al., 1990; Yeung, 1996).”
BackgroundThe Issues of the Relationship of Grandparents and Grandchildren in the Light of Physical Activity
Lakó, J. H. (2014) · European Journal of Mental Health · doi:10.5708/ejmh.9.2014.2.3 · Cited by 14
Brinsley, J., Smout, M., Girard, D., & Davison, K. (2022) · Mental health and physical activity · doi:10.1016/j.mhpa.2022.100450 · Cited by 18
Netz, Y. (2009) · European Review of Aging and Physical Activity · doi:10.1007/s11556-009-0043-z · Cited by 15
“One meta-analysis [ 55 ] indicated an association between resistance training and reducing depression, while no such association was indicated by those on anxiety [36, 59].”
ResultYoung Females in the Athletic Arena
Baum, A. L. (1998) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/s1056-4993(18)30209-8 · Cited by 14
Annesi, J. J. (2004) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.2466/pr0.94.3c.1337-1342 · Cited by 14
Janzon, E., Abidi, S. T., & Bahtsevani, C. (2015) · Scandinavian Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1111/sjop.12190 · Cited by 15
EFFECT OF DIET AND EXERCISE ON QUALITY OF LIFE AND FITNESS PARAMETERS AMONG OBESE INDIVIDUALS
Perna, F. M., Bryner, R. W., Donley, D., Kolar, M. M., Hornsby, W. G., Sauers, J., Ullrich, I. H., & YEATER, R. A. (1999) · Cited by 13
김예성, & HAWoongYong (2015) · Health and Social Welfare Review · doi:10.15709/hswr.2015.35.4.344 · Cited by 13
The Evolutionary Fitness Scale: A Measure of the Independent Criterion of Fitness
(2019) · EvoS Journal · doi:10.59077/uaol4054 · Cited by 13
Medilla-Zafra, A., & Ortega, E. (2009) · Universitas Psychologica · Cited by 13
García, F. G., Castro, J. J., & Guillén, M. (2007) · Cited by 13
Heart Failure: A Clinical Nursing Handbook
Nicholson, C. (2007) · Cited by 12
Interrelationship between Exercise and Diseases in young people: Review study
Uher, I., & Buková, A. (2018) · Physical Activity Review · doi:10.16926/par.2018.06.25 · Cited by 13
“The evidence also points to a number of psychological benefits of PA including the reduction of depression [27,28] and anxiety [29,30] symptomatology, and improvements in self-esteem [31].”
BackgroundÉcole interactionnelle de fibromyalgie : description et évaluation
de Souza, J. B., Charest, J., & Marchand, S. (2007) · Douleur et Analgésie · doi:10.1007/s11724-007-0059-y · Cited by 12
EJERCICIO FÍSICO REGULAR COMO UN MECANISMO DE PROTECCIÓN CONTRA LA DEPRESIÓN EN JÓVENES
Palenzuela, D. L., Calvo, M. G., & Avero, P. (1998) · Psicothema · Cited by 12
Flow in der Sporttherapie der Depression – ein beanspruchungsorientierter Ansatz
Reinhardt, C., Wiener, S., Heimbeck, A., Stoll, O., Lau, A., & Schliermann, R. (2008) · B&G Bewegungstherapie und Gesundheitssport · doi:10.1055/s-2008-1076899 · Cited by 12
Late-Life Depression: Detection, Risk Reduction, and Somatic Intervention
Delano‐Wood, L., & Abeles, N. (2005) · Clinical Psychology Science and Practice · doi:10.1093/clipsy.bpi028 · Cited by 13
Prevention of Disuse Muscle Atrophy in Chronic Arthritides
Jokl, P. (1990) · Rheumatic Disease Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/s0889-857x(21)00911-x · Cited by 12
Chen, C.-H., Rekik, G., Belkhir, Y., Huang, Y.-L., & Chen, Y. (2021) · Children · doi:10.3390/children8090822 · Cited by 17
“The benefits of supplementary activities via the FIFA 11+ for Kids intervention on attentional capacities could be explained following the “cardiovascular fitness hypothesis” [33].”
BackgroundElder abuse victimization, mental health, and protective factors
Yoon, S. (2024) · Aging & Mental Health · doi:10.1080/13607863.2024.2326992 · Cited by 12
“Previous research showed that exercise led to more relief from depression for older people than for younger people (North et al., 1990).”
Exercise and Cognitive Function: Can Working Out Train the Brain, Too?
Zoeller, R. F. (2010) · American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine · doi:10.1177/1559827610374413 · Cited by 14
“The cardiovascular fitness hypothesis holds that improvements in aerobic fitness are what mediate the exercise-induced improvements in cognitive function as well as the underlying morphological and physiological changes in the brain.(102-111) However, this hypothesis has been questioned recently.”
BackgroundPhysical fitness, physical activity, exercise training and cognitive function in older adults
Okura, T., Saghazadeh, M., Soma, Y., & Tsunoda, K. (2013) · The Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine · doi:10.7600/jpfsm.2.275 · Cited by 11
The Survey Compares Mental Health and Happiness of Athlete and Non-Athlete Employed People
Kiyani, R., Mohammadi, A., & Sattarzadeh, L. (2011) · Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.10.368 · Cited by 11
Impact of depressive mood on lifestyle changes in patients with coronary artery disease
Söderman, E., Lisspers, J., & Sundin, Ö. (2007) · Acta Dermato Venereologica · doi:10.2340/16501977-0064 · Cited by 11
“Although it could not be concluded that this decrease was caused by the rehabilitation intervention itself, it might be speculated, in line with some similar controlled studies (9–11), that the inclusion of exercise training may be important for the improved depressive mood as exercise has been found to be a high-qual…”
ResultVillalobos, F., Vinuesa, A., Pedret, R., Reche, A., Domínguez, E., & Arija, V. (2018) · Atención Primaria · doi:10.1016/j.aprim.2017.11.011 · Cited by 6
“Glucosa (mg/dl) 144,2 (54,7) 136,4 (37,8) 0,506 124,2 (41,7) 144,2 (37,6) 0,064 Dislipidemia 47/124”
INFLUENCE OF PHYSICAL AND SPORTS ACTIVITY ON MENTAL HEALTH
Arsović, N., Đurović, R., & Rakočević, R. (2020) · Facta Universitatis Series Physical Education and Sport · doi:10.22190/fupes190413050a · Cited by 11
“Research results show that depressed individuals have lower levels of secretion of noradrenaline, serotonin, and dopamine (Pytka et al., 2016; North et al., 1990; Morgan, 1985), while exercise stimulates the production of neurotransmitters that have a positive effect on mood.”
BackgroundResultPhysical Activity Effects on Depressive Symptoms in Black Adults.
Torres, E. R., Sampselle, C. M., Gretebeck, K. A., Ronis, D. L., & Neighbors, H. W. (2010) · PubMed · Cited by 11
Watters, C. M., Wright, S. J., Robinson, R. J., et al. (2001) · Psychology Health & Medicine · doi:10.1080/13548500123365 · Cited by 11
“Exercise has been found to have an antidepressant effect on patients with mild to moderate forms of depression (e.g. North et al., 1990).”
BackgroundExercise and Functioning Level of Individuals with Severe Mental Illness: A Comparison of Two Groups
Perham, A. S., & Accordino, M. P. (2007) · Journal of Mental Health Counseling · doi:10.17744/mehc.29.4.532r1874m15473jk · Cited by 12
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“The results replicate those of healthy populations suggesting that a single bout of exercise significantly influence mood states [12-15].”
Exercise for the Prevention and Treatment of Depression
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Sport and well-being: Frequency of physical activity and life satisfaction
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Effect of Pretesting on Feeling States and Self-Efficacy in Acute Exercise
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Exercise Addiction and Psychophysiological Health in Korean Collegiate Students
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“North et al. (1990) conducted a meta-analysis based on 80 studies conducted between 1969 and 1989, and included 290 effect sizes in their analysis.”
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“In addition, the cardiorespiratory endurance hypothesis strongly supports our view, positing that cardiorespiratory endurance serves as a physiological mediator that explains the mechanisms by which PA provides various mental health benefits [54].”
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The psychological benefits of physical exercise: Implications for women and the menstrual cycle
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Challenging Normative Orthodoxies in Depression: Huxley's Utopia or Dante's Inferno?
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Activity and Sleep Contribute to Levels of Anticipatory Distress in Breast Surgery Patients
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Personality does not influence exercise-induced mood enhancement among female exercisers.
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The physiatric approach to low back pain
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Physical Activity and Psychological Benefits
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Metadata
- Authors
- NORTH, T. C., McCULLAGH, P., & TRAN, Z. V.
- Venue
- Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews
- Published
- 1990-01
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 379???416
- ISSN
- 0091-6331 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1996444134
- Cited by
- 657
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 29 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 17 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 25 · 2012: 23
- FWCI
- 3.10
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Physical Activity and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Treatment of Major Depression
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Keywords
- physical activity, depression, mental health
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Child, Depressive Disorder, Exercise Therapy, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Meta-Analysis as Topic, Exercise
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Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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