Effect of load, cadence, and fatigue on tibio-femoral joint force during a half squat
Abstract
Ten male university student volunteers were selected to investigate the 3D articular force at the tibio-femoral joint during a half squat exercise, as affected by cadence, different barbell loads, and fatigue. Each subject was required to perform a half squat exercise with a barbell weight centered across the shoulders at two different cadences (1 and 2 s intervals) and three different loads (15, 22 and 30% of the one repetition maximum). Fifty repetitions at each experimental condition were recorded with an active optoelectronic kinematic data capture system (WATSMART) and a force plate (Kistler). Processing the data involved a photogrammetric technique to obtain subject tailored anthropometric data. The findings of this study were: 1) the maximal antero-posterior shear and compressive force consistently occurred at the lowest position of the weight, and the forces were very symmetrically disposed on either side of this halfway point; 2) the medio-lateral shear forces were small over the squat cycle with few peaks and troughs; 3) cadence increased the antero-posterior shear (50%) and the compressive forces (28%); 4) as a subject fatigues, load had a significant effect on the antero-posterior shear force; 5) fatigue increased all articular force components but it did not manifest itself until about halfway through the 50 repetitions of the exercise; 6) the antero-posterior shear force was most affected by fatigue; 7) cadence had a significant effect on fatigue for the medio-lateral shear and compressive forces.
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Squat cadence influences fatigue in the medio-lateral shear and compressive forces of the knee joint.
“A previous study explored the influence of two different cadences (i.e., 1 s and 2 s) on tibiofemoral joint force during a half squat reporting that squat cadence influences fatigue in the medio-lateral shear and compressive forces of the knee joint (43).”
From Kinematic analysis of the back squat at different load intensities in powerlifters and weightlifters (2024) · cites this paper as [43]
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- Authors
- HATTIN, H. C., PIERRYNOWSKI, M. R., & BALL, K. A.
- Affiliations
- University of Toronto (CA)
- ORCID
- BALL, KEVIN A.
- Venue
- Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise
- Published
- 1989-10
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 613???618
- ISSN
- 0195-9131 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2080299013
- Cited by
- 59
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 2 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 0.43
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Lower Extremity Biomechanics and Pathologies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Knee injuries and reconstruction techniques
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
- Keywords
- half squat, cadence, exercise fatigue, compression force, knee joint loading, squatting
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Biomechanical Phenomena, Femur, Humans, Knee Joint, Male, Tibia, Weight Lifting, Exercise
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