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Cited by 10Lower Extremity Biomechanics and PathologiesSports Performance and TrainingSports Dynamics and Biomechanics

The effects of fatigue on linear and angular kinematics during bilateral squat

Open access
Erman, Berkant, Vural, Faik, Dopsaj, Milivoj, Ozkol, Mehmet Zeki, Kose, Damla Ercan, Aksit, Tolga·2023·PLoS ONE
DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0289089PMC PMC10681224
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Abstract

This study was aimed to analyze in detail how the fatigue effects to kinematic parameters of body weight squat exercise (BSQ) by dividing a squat cycle into four different regions. Twenty-one male athletes participated in this study. Participants were divided into two groups according to their lower limb muscle ratio (LLMR). The BSQ was performed until participants were unable to continue the exercise due to the fatigue. Linear and angular kinematics were obtained by motion analysis software which has high validity and reliability. There was no significant but had large effect size interaction between fatigue conditions and LLMR groups in terms of knee ROM in the extension phase and hip angular velocity in braking phase of the flexion (0.08 > p >0.05, 0.18 > [Formula: see text] > 0.16). Fatigue condition did not have a significant effect on the duration in the acceleration and braking phases of BSQ (p > 0.05). There were many significant main effects on kinematics in the different regions due to the fatigue (0.01 < p <0.05, 0.44 > [Formula: see text] > 0.14). In the fatigue condition, there was a polynomial relationship between velocity of shoulder and hip joints (R2flex = 0.82, R2ext = 0.72) rather than linear (R2flex = 0.64, R2ext = 0.53) and coefficient correlations also decreased (rflex = 0.88 to 0.80, rext = 0.92 to 0.73). The sticking region was observed in the non-fatigue condition and disappeared when fatigue occurred. These results suggest that LLMR may be taken into consideration in the squat exercises, joint tracking may vary for velocity-based squat training and pre-test for sticking region observation may be apply with the BSQ.

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  • To the best of the authors' knowledge, no previous study has considered how angular and linear kinematics of the back squat vary at different load intensities.

    “However, these studies have evaluated the biomechanics of different types of squats but, to the best of our knowledge, none of these have considered how these can vary at different load intensities.”

    From Kinematic analysis of the back squat at different load intensities in powerlifters and weightlifters (2024) · cites this paper as [31]

    The Introduction identifies a research gap concerning joint-velocity kinematics during body-weight squats, not whether back-squat kinematics have been studied at different load intensities. The Discussion likewise compares fatigue conditions using body-weight squats. I found no passage in our copy stating the claimed absence of prior load-intensity studies. (LLM, conf=0.72)

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  1. [25]Cohen J. The t test for means. Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. 1988; 2: 20– 6.

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Related

Authors
Erman, B., Vural, F., Dopsaj, M., Ozkol, M. Z., Kose, D. E., & Aksit, T.
Affiliations
  • Ege University (TR)
  • South Ural State University (RU)
  • Istanbul Technical University (TR)
Corresponding author
Erman, Berkant
ORCID
Venue
PLoS ONE
Publisher
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Published
2023-11-27
Volume
18
Issue
11
Pages
e0289089
ISSN
1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1371/journal.pone.0289089
PMC
PMC10681224
OpenAlex
W4389042866
Cited by
10
References
46
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 4
FWCI
0.79
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
  • Istanbul Technical University Academic Open Archive (Istanbul Technical University) (submittedVersion)
  • OSF Preprints (OSF Preprints) (submittedVersion)
  • Greater South Information System
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Lower Extremity Biomechanics and Pathologies
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Sports Dynamics and Biomechanics
Keywords
squatting, exercise fatigue, squat kinematics, knee range of motion, hip angular velocity, velocity-based training, joint tracking
MeSH terms
Biomechanical Phenomena, Humans, Knee, Knee Joint, Male, Reproducibility of Results, Range of Motion, Articular, Lower Extremity

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