β-Alanine Dose for Maintaining Moderately Elevated Muscle Carnosine Levels
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Chronic β-alanine (BA) supplementation is an increasingly popular nutritional strategy, because it can elevate muscle carnosine content and thereby enhance high-intensity exercise performance. The current study investigated 1) whether sex and body mass are determinants of BA-induced muscle carnosine loading and 2) the optimal maintenance dose for ensuring constantly elevated muscle carnosine stores. METHODS: During the loading phase, 34 participants (men and women) were supplemented with 3.2 g (4 × 800 mg) BA per day for 46 d (slightly different loading strategies were applied concerning the effect of meal timing and supplementation form). Thereafter, 19 participants (men and women) continued taking free-powder BA for six more weeks (maintenance phase). The participants were matched and redivided into three groups receiving 0.4, 0.8, and 1.2 g·d(-1) BA, respectively. Muscle carnosine content was measured in the soleus and gastrocnemius muscles using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. RESULTS: Body mass and sex had only minimal effect on the absolute increase in muscle carnosine. Given the lower baseline values in women, the relative increase for women was higher, indicating that women required less BA for the same relative increase. In addition, a significant negative correlation was observed between body mass and the relative increase in muscle carnosine (r = -0.45, P = 0.007). A maintenance dose of ∼1.2 g·d(-1) BA was the most effective in keeping muscle carnosine content elevated at the postsupplementation level. CONCLUSIONS: Sex and body mass did not markedly affect the absolute increase during muscle carnosine loading, although they are determinants for the relative increase. In addition, we established for the first time an effective maintenance dose of ∼1.2 g·d(-1) BA to keep muscle carnosine content elevated at 30%-50% above baseline for a prolonged period.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
A daily intake of approximately 1.2 g appears to maintain muscle carnosine elevations and a return to baseline may require 6-20 weeks of supplement withdrawal.
“To date, no threshold for carnosine concentrations has been found, but a daily intake of ~ 1.2 g appears to maintain muscle carnosine elevations and a return to baseline may require 6-20 weeks of supplement withdrawal [137].”
From New strategies in sport nutrition to increase exercise performance (2016) · cites this paper as [137]
Cites
Skeletal muscle mass and distribution in 468 men and women aged 18–88 yr
Janssen, I., Heymsfield, S. B., Wang, Z., & Ross, R. (2000) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/jappl.2000.89.1.81 · Cited by 3,087 · see citing works
Elevation of creatine in resting and exercised muscle of normal subjects by creatine supplementation
Harris, R. C., Söderlund, K., & Hultman, E. (1992) · Clinical Science · doi:10.1042/cs0830367 · Cited by 1,141 · see citing works
Physiology and Pathophysiology of Carnosine
Болдырев, А. А., Aldini, G., & Derave, W. (2013) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00039.2012 · Cited by 1,123 · see citing works
Self-citationMuscle creatine loading in men
Hultman, E., Soderlund, K., Timmons, J. A., Cederblad, G., & Greenhaff, P. L. (1996) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/jappl.1996.81.1.232 · Cited by 822 · see citing works
Harris, R. C., Tallon, M. J., Dunnett, M., Boobis, L., Coakley, J., Kim, H. J., Fallowfield, J. L., Hill, C. A., Sale, C., & Wise, J. A. (2006) · Amino Acids · doi:10.1007/s00726-006-0299-9 · Cited by 534 · see citing works
Hill, C. A., Harris, R. C., Kim, H. J., Harris, B. D., Sale, C., Boobis, L. H., Kim, C. K., & Wise, J. A. (2007) · Amino Acids · doi:10.1007/s00726-006-0364-4 · Cited by 445 · see citing works
Derave, W., Özdemir, M. S., Harris, R. C., Pottier, A., Reyngoudt, H., Koppo, K., Wise, J. A., & Achten, E. (2007) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00397.2007 · Cited by 324 · see citing works
Self-citationEffects of β-alanine supplementation on exercise performance: a meta-analysis
Hobson, R. M., Saunders, B., Ball, G., Harris, R. C., & Sale, C. (2012) · Amino Acids · doi:10.1007/s00726-011-1200-z · Cited by 305 · see citing works
Bedside methodsversusdual energy X‐ray absorptiometry for body composition measurement in COPD
STEINER, M. C., Barton, R. L., Singh, S., & Morgan, M. D. (2002) · European Respiratory Journal · doi:10.1183/09031936.02.00279602 · Cited by 261 · see citing works
Buffering capacity of deproteinized human vastus lateralis muscle.
Parkhouse, W., Mckenzie, D., Hochachka, P., & Ovalle, W. K. (1985) · Journal of applied physiology · doi:10.1152/jappl.1985.58.1.14 · Cited by 200 · see citing works
Aldini, G., Facino, R. M., Beretta, G., & Carini, M. (2005) · BioFactors · doi:10.1002/biof.5520240109 · Cited by 197 · see citing works
Carnosine loading and washout in human skeletal muscles
Baguet, A., Reyngoudt, H., Pottier, A., Everaert, I., Callens, S., Achten, E., & Derave, W. (2009) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.91357.2008 · Cited by 192 · see citing works
Self-citationStout, J. R., Cramer, J. T., Zoeller, R. F., Torok, D. J., Costa, P. B., Hoffman, J. R., Harris, R. C., & OʼKroy, J. A. (2006) · Amino Acids · doi:10.1007/s00726-006-0474-z · Cited by 186 · see citing works
Important role of muscle carnosine in rowing performance
Baguet, A., Bourgois, J., Vanhee, L., Achten, E., & Derave, W. (2010) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00141.2010 · Cited by 182 · see citing works
Self-citationCarnosine: from exercise performance to health
Sale, C., Artioli, G. G., Gualano, B., Saunders, B., Hobson, R. M., & Harris, R. C. (2013) · Amino Acids · doi:10.1007/s00726-013-1476-2 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Everaert, I., Mooyaart, A., Baguet, A., Zutinic, A., Baelde, H., Achten, E., Taes, Y., De Heer, E., & Derave, W. (2011) · Amino Acids · doi:10.1007/s00726-010-0749-2 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Self-citationEffect of two β-alanine dosing protocols on muscle carnosine synthesis and washout
Stellingwerff, T., Anwander, H., Egger, A., Buehler, T., Kreis, R., Décombaz, J., & Boesch, C. (2011) · Amino Acids · doi:10.1007/s00726-011-1054-4 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Dutka, T. L., Lamboley, C., McKenna, M. J., Murphy, R. M., & Lamb, G. D. (2012) · Journal of applied physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.01331.2011 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Effects of Ingestion of Bicarbonate, Citrate, Lactate, and Chloride on Sprint Running
VAN MONTFOORT, M. C. E., VAN DIEREN, L., HOPKINS, W. G., & SHEARMAN, J. P. (2004) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/01.mss.0000132378.73975.25 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Stout, J. R., Graves, B. S., Smith‐Ryan, A. E., Hartman, M. J., Cramer, J. T., Beck, T. W., & Harris, R. C. (2008) · Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · doi:10.1186/1550-2783-5-21 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Gene expression of carnosine-related enzymes and transporters in skeletal muscle
Everaert, I., Naeyer, H. D., Taes, Y., & Derave, W. (2012) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-012-2540-4 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Self-citationBaguet, A., Everaert, I., Naeyer, H. D., Reyngoudt, H., Stegen, S., Beeckman, S., Achten, E., Vanhee, L., Volkaert, A., Petrović, M., et al. (2011) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-011-1877-4 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Self-citationEffect of Beta-Alanine and Carnosine Supplementation on Muscle Contractility in Mice
Everaert, I., Stegen, S., Vanheel, B., Taes, Y., & Derave, W. (2013) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e31826cdb68 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Self-citationCarnosine: New concept for the function of an old molecule
Болдырев, А. А. (2012) · Biochemistry (Moscow) · doi:10.1134/s0006297912040013 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Meal and Beta-Alanine Coingestion Enhances Muscle Carnosine Loading
Stegen, S., Blancquaert, L., Everaert, I., Bex, T., Taes, Y., Calders, P., Achten, E., & Derave, W. (2013) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e31828ab073 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Self-citationGender-related differences in carnosine, anserine and lysine content of murine skeletal muscle
Peñafiel, R., Ruzafa, C., Monserrat, F., & Cremades, A. (2003) · Amino Acids · doi:10.1007/s00726-003-0034-8 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Reduced muscle carnosine content in type 2, but not in type 1 diabetic patients
Gualano, B., Everaert, I., Stegen, S., Artioli, G. G., Taes, Y., Roschel, H., Achten, E., Otaduy, M. C. G., Lancha, A. H., Harris, R. C., et al. (2011) · Amino Acids · doi:10.1007/s00726-011-1165-y · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Self-citationThe influence of sex, age and heritability on human skeletal muscle carnosine content
Baguet, A., Everaert, I., Achten, E., Thomis, M. A., & Derave, W. (2011) · Amino Acids · doi:10.1007/s00726-011-1197-3 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Self-citationFavero, S. D., Roschel, H., Solis, M., Hayashi, A. P., Artioli, G., Otaduy, M., Benatti, F., Harris, R., Wise, J., Leite, C., et al. (2011) · Amino Acids · doi:10.1007/s00726-011-1190-x · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Plasma carnosine concentration: diurnal variation and effects of age, exercise and muscle damage
Dunnett, M., Harris, R. C., Dunnett, C. E., & Harris, P. A. (2002) · Equine Veterinary Journal · doi:10.1111/j.2042-3306.2002.tb05434.x · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
International society of sports nutrition position stand: Beta-Alanine
Trexler, E. T., Smith-Ryan, A. E., Stout, J. R., Hoffman, J. R., Wilborn, C. D., Sale, C., Kreider, R. B., Jäger, R., Earnest, C. P., Bannock, L., et al. (2015) · Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · doi:10.1186/s12970-015-0090-y · Cited by 315 · see citing works
New strategies in sport nutrition to increase exercise performance
Close, G. L., Hamilton, D. L., Philp, A., Burke, L. M., & Morton, J. P. (2016) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.01.016 · Cited by 221 · see citing works
Athletes’ nutritional demands: a narrative review of nutritional requirements
Amawi, A. T., Alkasasbeh, W. J., Jaradat, M., Almasri, A., Alobaidi, S., Hammad, A. A., Bishtawi, T., Fataftah, B., Turk, N., Saoud, H. A., et al. (2024) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2023.1331854 · Cited by 191 · see citing works
Sex differences and considerations for female specific nutritional strategies: a narrative review
Wohlgemuth, K. J., Arieta, L. R., Brewer, G. J., Hoselton, A. L., Gould, L. M., & Smith-Ryan, A. E. (2021) · Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · doi:10.1186/s12970-021-00422-8 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Beta-alanine supplementation, muscle carnosine and exercise performance
Blancquaert, L., Everaert, I., & Derave, W. (2015) · Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care · doi:10.1097/mco.0000000000000127 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Self-citationNaderi, A., de Oliveira, E. P., Ziegenfuss, T. N., & Willems, M. E. T. (2016) · Physical Activity and Nutrition · doi:10.20463/jenb.2016.0031 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Advances in biotechnological production of β-alanine
Wang, L., Mao, Y., Wang, Z., Ma, H., & Chen, T. (2021) · World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology · doi:10.1007/s11274-021-03042-1 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Kresta, J. Y., Oliver, J. M., Jagim, A. R., Fluckey, J. D., Riechman, S. E., Kelly, K. A., Meininger, C. J., Mertens‐Talcott, S. U., Rasmussen, C. J., & Kreider, R. B. (2014) · Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · doi:10.1186/s12970-014-0055-6 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Li, G., Li, Z., & Liu, J. (2024) · Nutrition & Metabolism · doi:10.1186/s12986-024-00820-0 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Effects of Acute Beta-Alanine Supplementation on Anaerobic Performance in Trained Female Cyclists
GLENN, J. M., SMITH, K., MOYEN, N. E., BINNS, A., & GRAY, M. (2015) · Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology · doi:10.3177/jnsv.61.161 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Varanoske, A. N., Hoffman, J. R., Church, D. D., Coker, N. A., Baker, K. M., Dodd, S. J., Oliveira, L. P., Dawson, V. L., Wang, R., Fukuda, D. H., et al. (2017) · Nutrition Research · doi:10.1016/j.nutres.2017.10.002 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Ojeda, Á. H., Cerda, C. T., Salvatierra, M. F. P., Barahona-Fuentes, G. D. F., & Aguilera, C. J. (2020) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu12092490 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Torres, O. L., Rodríguez-Longobardo, C., Capel-Escoriza, R., & Fernández-Elías, V. E. (2022) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu15010081 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Muscle Histidine-Containing Dipeptides Are Elevated by Glucose Intolerance in Both Rodents and Men
Stegen, S., Everaert, I., Deldicque, L., Vallova, S., de Courten, B. V., Ukropcová, B., Ukropec, J., & Derave, W. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0121062 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Self-citationThe effect of β‐alanine supplementation on cycling time trials of different length
Bellinger, P., & MINAHAN, C. L. (2015) · European Journal of Sport Science · doi:10.1080/17461391.2015.1120782 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Ostfeld, I., & Hoffman, J. R. (2023) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu15041039 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Glenn, J. M., Gray, M., Stewart, R. W., Moyen, N. E., Kavouras, S. A., DiBrezzo, R., Turner, R. C., & Baum, J. (2015) · Amino Acids · doi:10.1007/s00726-015-2050-x · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Glenn, J. M., Gray, M., Stewart, R. W., Moyen, N. E., Kavouras, S. A., DiBrezzo, R., Turner, R. C., Baum, J., & Stone, M. S. (2015) · The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/jsc.0000000000001077 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Ilaiwy, A., Have, G. A. M. T., Bain, J. R., Muehlbauer, M. J., O’Neal, S., Berthiaume, J. M., Parry, T. L., Deutz, N. E. P., & Willis, M. S. (2019) · American Journal Of Pathology · doi:10.1016/j.ajpath.2019.05.021 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Black, M. I., JONES, A. M., Morgan, P. T., Bailey, S. J., Fulford, J., & Vanhatalo, A. (2018) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2018.00111 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Additive benefits of β-alanine supplementation and sprint-interval training
BELLINGER, P. M., & MINAHAN, C. L. (2016) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000001050 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Gholami, F., Ali, A., Hasani, A., & Zarei, A. (2022) · Journal of Human Kinetics · doi:10.2478/hukin-2022-0034 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Wei, W., Xiao, J., Huang, N., Xing, C., Wang, J., He, X., Xu, J., Wang, H., Guo, X., & Jiang, R. (2024) · Poultry Science · doi:10.1016/j.psj.2024.103436 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Sebastiá-Rico, J., Sanz, J. M. M., Sanchis-Chordà, J., Alonso-Calvar, M., López-Mateu, P., Romero-García, D., & Soriano, J. M. (2024) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare12040496 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Dietary supplements for consideration in elite female footballers
Sheridan, H. C., Parker, L. J. F., & Hammond, K. M. (2021) · European Journal of Sport Science · doi:10.1080/17461391.2021.1988149 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Huerta Ojeda, Á., Contreras-Montilla, O., Galdames-Maliqueo, S., Jorquera-Aguilera, C., Fuentes-Kloss, R., & Guisado-Barrilao, R. (2019) · Nutrición Hospitalaria · doi:10.20960/nh.02310 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
The Ergogenic Effects of Supplemental Nutritional Aids on Anaerobic Performance in Female Athletes
Glenn, J. M., Gray, M., Gualano, B., & Roschel, H. (2016) · Strength and conditioning journal · doi:10.1519/ssc.0000000000000207 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Schön, M., Just, I., Krumpolec, P., BLAŽÍČEK, P., Valkovič, L., Aldini, G., TSAI, C.-L., de Courten, B. V., Krššák, M., Ukropcová, B., et al. (2023) · Physiological Research · doi:10.33549/physiolres.934911 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Physiological Characteristics, Dietary Intake, and Supplement Use in Sport Climbing
Okoren, L., & Magkos, F. (2023) · Current Nutrition Reports · doi:10.1007/s13668-023-00511-x · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Fragmented Dosing of β-alanine Induces A Body Weight-Independent Pharmacokinetic Response
Stautemas, J., de Loock, A. V., der Stede, T. V., Pringels, L., & Derave, W. (2019) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu11122869 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Self-citationSnyder, M., Brewer, C. B., & Taylor, K. (2024) · International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance · doi:10.1123/ijspp.2023-0415 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Reduced Dose of Beta-Alanine Is Sufficient to Maintain Performance in Repeated Sprints
Zandoná, B. A., Ramos, R. A., de Oliveira, C. D. S., McAnulty, S. R., Ferreira, L. H. B., Smolarek, A. D. C., Enes, A. A. N., Urbinati, K. M. D. S. S., Aragon, A. A., Schoenfeld, B. J., et al. (2020) · The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/jsc.0000000000003715 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Maestre-Hernández, A.-B., Pérez-Piñero, S., López-Román, F. J., Andreu‐Caravaca, L., Luque-Rubia, A. J., Ramos‐Campo, D. J., Díaz-Silvestre, M. J., & Ávila-Gandía, V. (2023) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2023.1213105 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Muscle Carnosine Concentration with the Co-Ingestion of Carbohydrate with β-alanine in Male Rats
Naderi, A., Sadeghi, M., Sarshin, A., Vahid, I., Nazeri, S. A., Farkhayi, F., & Willems, M. E. T. (2016) · Journal of Dietary Supplements · doi:10.1080/19390211.2016.1244585 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Safety of beta-alanine supplementation in humans: a narrative review
de Oliveira, E. P., Artioli, G. G., & Burini, R. C. (2023) · Sport Sciences for Health · doi:10.1007/s11332-023-01052-0 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
SUPPLEMENTS FOR CONSIDERATION IN FOOTBALL
Morton, J. P. (2014) · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Klessens, C. Q. F. (2015) · International Clinical Pathology Journal · doi:10.15406/icpjl.2015.01.00011 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Jaques, M., Glick, D., Greco-Henderson, D., & Ives, S. J. (2019) · Journal of Exercise and Nutrition · Cited by 1 · see citing works
NUTRITION ERGOGENIC SUPPLEMENTS REGULATE BLOOD PH. - AN UPDATE
Tambalis, K. D., & Arnaoutis, G. (2022) · European Journal of Fitness Nutrition and Sport Medicine Studies · doi:10.46827/ejfnsm.v3i1.113 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Rezagholizadeh, M. (2018) · Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise · doi:10.15314/tsed.347949
Nutrition for Strength Adaptations
Zbinden, H., Avey, A. M., & Baar, K. (2018) · Nutrition and Enhanced Sports Performance · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-813922-6.00029-1
NMR-based applications in elite sports performance
Bex, T. (2015) · Ghent University Academic Bibliography (Ghent University)
Self-citationProgress on the application of functional dietary supplement in sports science
Jian, N. (2021) · E3S Web of Conferences · doi:10.1051/e3sconf/202123302032
The Effect of β-Alanine Supplementation on Exercise Performance and Metabolism in Trained Cyclists
Bellinger, P. (2016) · Griffith Research Online · doi:10.25904/1912/414
Supplementation and Ergogenic Aids for Enhancing Muscular Strength Production
Domínguez, R., Naderi, A., & Sánchez-Oliver, A. J. (2021) · Lecture notes in bioengineering · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-81989-7_19
Dietary supplements in sports and special physical education
Amanović, Đ., & Milošević, M. (2024) · ЖУРНАЛ ЗА БЕЗБЈЕДНОСТ И КРИМИНАЛИСТИКУ · doi:10.5937/zurbezkrim2401039a
Top 5 Dietary Supplements for Bodybuilders
Haubenstricker, J. E., & Roberts, B. M. (2025) · Strength and conditioning journal · doi:10.1519/ssc.0000000000000925
Wohlgemuth, K. J., Arieta, L. R., Brewer, G. J., Hoselton, A. L., Gould, L. M., & Smith‐Ryan, A. E. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.14431715
Nutritional support for athletes: an overview of current principles and practical recommendations
Халитовна, Б. И., Maksimov, M. L., Kizlik, О. О., & Sidorova, A. D. (2026) · Glavvrač (Chief Medical Officer) · doi:10.33920/med-03-2606-08
- Authors
- STEGEN, S., BEX, T., VERVAET, C., VANHEE, L., ACHTEN, E., & DERAVE, W.
- Affiliations
- Ghent University (BE)
- Venue
- Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise
- Published
- 2014-07
- Volume
- 46
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 1426-1432
- ISSN
- 0195-9131 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2059705774
- Cited by
- 51
- References
- 30
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 4
- FWCI
- 4.43
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Ghent University Academic Bibliography (Ghent University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (G.0243.11, FWO G.0243.11, G.0352.13N)
- Vlaamse regering
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Biochemical effects in animals
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
- Keywords
- beta-alanine supplementation, muscle carnosine, maintenance dose, sex differences, body mass, soleus muscle, gastrocnemius, high-intensity exercise performance, meal timing
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Carnosine, Female, Humans, Male, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Sex Factors, beta-Alanine, Body Mass Index, Muscle, Skeletal, Dietary Supplements, Body Fat Distribution, Athletic Performance, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
