Nitrate supplement benefits contractile forces in fatigued but not unfatigued muscle
Abstract
PURPOSE: Evidence suggests dietary nitrate supplementation enhances low-frequency (≤20 Hz) involuntary, but not voluntary, forces in unfatigued human muscle. We investigated the hypotheses that nitrate supplementation would also attenuate low-frequency fatigue and the loss of explosive voluntary forces in fatigued conditions. METHODS: In a counterbalanced double-blinded order, 17 male participants completed two experimental trials after 7 d of dietary supplementation with either nitrate-rich (NIT) or nitrate-depleted (PLA) beetroot juice. Each trial consisted of measuring isometric knee extension forces during a series of explosive maximal voluntary contractions (MVC) and involuntary tetanic contractions (at 10, 20 50, and 100 Hz) in unfatigued conditions, followed by a fatigue protocol of 60 MVC and a repeat of the tetanic contractions immediately after the 60 MVC. RESULTS: In unfatigued conditions, there was no effect of NIT on any of the measured dependent variables, including maximal voluntary force, explosive impulse, and tetanic peak forces or peak rate of force developments at any frequency. In contrast, the percentage decline in explosive voluntary impulse from the first to the last 6 MVC in the fatigue protocol was lower in NIT (51.1% ± 13.9%) than in PLA (57.3% ± 12.4%; P = 0.039; d = 0.51). Furthermore, low-frequency fatigue determined via the percentage decline in the 20/50-Hz ratio was attenuated in NIT for tetanic peak force (NIT: 12.3% ± 12.0% vs PLA: 17.0% ± 10.1%; P = 0.110; d = 0.46) and tetanic peak rate force development (NIT: 12.3% ± 10.4% vs PLA: 20.3% ± 9.5%; P = 0.011; d = 0.83). CONCLUSIONS: Nitrate supplementation reduced the decline in explosive voluntary forces during a fatiguing protocol and attenuated low-frequency fatigue, likely due to reduced disruption of excitation-contraction coupling. However, contrary to previous findings, nitrate supplementation had no effect on contractile performance in unfatigued conditions.
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NO3− supplementation can lower the PCr cost of muscle force production at the end of a protocol comprising 50 MVIs of the knee extensors and is more effective at improving skeletal muscle contractile function after the muscle has become fatigued.
“In addition, it has been reported that NO3− supplementation can lower the PCr cost of muscle force production at the end of a protocol comprising 50 MVIs of the knee extensors [94] and is more effective at improving skeletal muscle contractile function after the muscle has become fatigued [103].”
From Effects of Dietary Nitrate Supplementation on Weightlifting Exercise Performance in Healthy Adults: A Systematic Review (2020) · cites this paper as [103]
Enhanced skeletal muscle contractile function has been observed during electrically stimulated contractions, and enhanced peak power output has been observed during isokinetic dynamometry and cycling exercise.
“Consistent with the potential for improved weightlifting exercise performance after NO3− supplementation, enhanced skeletal muscle contractile function has been observed during electrically stimulated contractions [95,96,103], and enhanced peak power output has been observed during isokinetic dynamometry [97,123,128] and cycling [45,57,60,129,130,131,132,133] exercise.”
From Effects of Dietary Nitrate Supplementation on Weightlifting Exercise Performance in Healthy Adults: A Systematic Review (2020) · cites this paper as [103]
Other studies have not observed changes in EMG after NO3− supplementation, and it is unclear whether NO3− supplementation alters neural drive.
“However, other studies have not observed changes in EMG after NO3− supplementation [95,103] and, as such, it is unclear whether NO3− supplementation alters neural drive.”
From Effects of Dietary Nitrate Supplementation on Weightlifting Exercise Performance in Healthy Adults: A Systematic Review (2020) · cites this paper as [103]
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- Authors
- TILLIN, N. A., MOUDY, S., NOURSE, K. M., & TYLER, C. J.
- Affiliations
- University of Roehampton (GB)
- Venue
- Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise
- Published
- 2018-10
- Volume
- 50
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 2122-2131
- ISSN
- 0195-9131 (ISSN-L)
- 1530-0315
- OpenAlex
- W2801187579
- Cited by
- 37
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 3
- FWCI
- 5.15
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Exercise and Physiological Responses
- Keywords
- nitrate supplementation, beetroot juice, muscle fatigue, low-frequency fatigue, tetanic force, rate of force development, excitation-contraction coupling, isometric knee extension, maximal voluntary contraction
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Double-Blind Method, Electromyography, Humans, Male, Muscle Contraction, Nitrates, Nitrites, Muscle, Skeletal, Muscle Fatigue, Dietary Supplements, Young Adult, Sports Nutritional Physiological Phenomena
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