CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 37Cardiovascular and exercise physiologyExercise and Physiological ResponsesMuscle metabolism and nutrition

The Effects of Dietary Nitrate Supplementation on Explosive Exercise Performance: A Systematic Review

Open access
Tan, Rachel, Cano, Leire, Lago-Rodríguez, Ángel, Domínguez, Raúl·2022·International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
DOI 10.3390/ijerph19020762PMC PMC8775572
Open this paper in CoChat — free accountOpen PDF

Abstract

Dietary nitrate supplementation is evidenced to induce physiological effects on skeletal muscle function in fast-twitch muscle fibers and may enhance high-intensity exercise performance. An important component of sport-specific skills is the ability to perform explosive movements; however, it is unclear if nitrate supplementation can impact explosive efforts. We examined the existing evidence to determine whether nitrate supplementation improves explosive efforts lasting ≤ 6 s. PubMed, Scopus and Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) were searched for articles using the following search strategy: (nitrate OR nitrite OR beetroot) AND (supplement OR supplementation) AND (explosive OR power OR high intensity OR high-intensity OR sprint* OR “athletic performance”). Out of 810 studies, 18 were eligible according to inclusion criteria. Results showed that 4 of the 10 sprint-type studies observed improved sprint time, power output, and total work in cycling or running, whereas 4 of the 10 resistance-based exercise studies observed improvements to power and velocity of free-weight bench press as well as isokinetic knee extension and flexion at certain angular velocities. These results suggest that nitrate potentially improves explosive exercise performance, but further work is required to clarify the factors influencing the efficacy of nitrate in different exercise modalities.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.3390/ijerph19020762

Cites

29 of 29 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Recommended nitrate dosages generally range between 300-600 mg ingested 1-2 h prior to exercise.

    “Recommended dosages generally range between 300–600 mg ingested 1–2 h prior to exercise [204,205,206].”

    From Bioavailability, Efficacy, Safety, and Regulatory Status of Creatine and Related Compounds: A Critical Review (2022) · cites this paper as [204]

    The Introduction (page unavailable) recommends at least ~6 mmol of nitrate, a dose within the claimed 300–600 mg range. But it specifies ingestion 2–3 hours before exercise, not 1–2 hours, and does not recommend 300–600 mg as a general dosage range. (LLM, conf=0.88)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Dietary nitrates, typically ingested as beet root juice or nitrate powder, can improve endurance and explosive exercise capacity.

    “A number of studies have indicated that dietary nitrates, typically ingested in the form of beet root juice or nitrate powder, can improve endurance [203] and explosive exercise capacity [204].”

    From Bioavailability, Efficacy, Safety, and Regulatory Status of Creatine and Related Compounds: A Critical Review (2022) · cites this paper as [204]

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 78

  1. [1]Stone M.H. Moir G. Glaister M. Sanders R. How much strength is necessary? Phys. Ther. Sport 2002 3 88 96 10.1054/ptsp.2001.0102 · DOI
  2. [2]Baker J.S. McCormick M.C. Robergs R.A. Interaction among Skeletal Muscle Metabolic Energy Systems during Intense Exercise J. Nutr. Metab. 2010 2010 905612 10.1155/2010/905612 21188163 PMC3005844 · DOI
  3. [4]Baker D. Nance S. The Relation Between Strength and Power in Professional Rugby League Players J. Strength Cond. Res. 1999 13 224 229 10.1519/1533-4287(1999)0132.0.co;2 · DOI
  4. [5]Bigland-Ritchie B. Woods J.J. Changes in muscle contractile properties and neural control during human muscular fatigue Muscle Nerve 1984 7 691 699 10.1002/mus.880070902 6100456 · DOI
  5. [6]Gibala M.J. Little J.P. MacDonald M.J. Hawley J.A. Physiological adaptations to low-volume, high-intensity interval training in health and disease J. Physiol. 2011 2011 10.1113/jphysiol.2011.224725 22289907 PMC3381816 · DOI · Paper page
  6. [7]Baker D. Nance S. Moore M. The load that maximizes the average mechanical power output during explosive bench press throws in highly trained athletes J. Strength Cond. Res. 2001 15 20 24 11708701
  7. [8]Maughan R.J. Burke L.M. Dvorak J. Larson-Meyer D.E. Peeling P. Phillips S.M. Rawson E.S. Walsh N.P. Garthe I. Geyer H. IOC consensus statement: Dietary supplements and the high-performance athlete Br. J. Sports Med. 2018 52 439 455 10.1136/bjsports-2018-099027 29540367 PMC5867441 · DOI · Paper page
  8. [10]Knapik J.J. Steelman R.A. Hoedebecke S.S. Austin K.G. Farina E.K. Lieberman H.R. Prevalence of Dietary Supplement Use by Athletes: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Sports Med. 2016 46 103 123 10.1007/s40279-015-0387-7 26442916 PMC4697915 · DOI · Paper page
  9. [11]Wylie L.J. Kelly J. Bailey S.J. Blackwell J.R. Skiba P.F. Winyard P.G. Jeukendrup A.E. Vanhatalo A. Jones A.M. Beetroot juice and exercise: Pharmacodynamic and dose-response relationships J. Appl. Physiol. 2013 115 325 336 10.1152/japplphysiol.00372.2013 23640589 · DOI · Paper page
  10. [13]Sacks F.M. Svetkey L.P. Vollmer W.M. Appel L.J. Bray G.A. Harsha D. Obarzanek E. Conlin P.R. Miller E.R. Simons-Morton D.G. Effects on Blood Pressure of Reduced Dietary Sodium and the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) Diet N. Engl. J. Med. 2001 344 3 10 10.1056/NEJM200101043440101 11136953 · DOI · Paper page
  11. [15]Stamler J.S. Meissner G. Physiology of nitric oxide in skeletal muscle Physiol. Rev. 2001 81 209 237 10.1152/physrev.2001.81.1.209 11152758 · DOI · Paper page
  12. [17]Spiegelhalder B. Eisenbrand G. Preussmann R. Influence of dietary nitrate on nitrite content of human saliva: Possible relevance to in vivo formation of N-nitroso compounds Food Cosmet. Toxicol. 1976 14 545 548 10.1016/S0015-6264(76)80005-3 1017769 · DOI · Paper page
  13. [19]Hogg N. The Biochemistry and Physiology of S-Nitrosothiols Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 2002 42 585 600 10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.42.092501.104328 11807184 · DOI · Paper page
  14. [21]Castello P.R. David P.S. McClure T. Crook Z. Poyton R.O. Mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase produces nitric oxide under hypoxic conditions: Implications for oxygen sensing and hypoxic signaling in eukaryotes Cell Metab. 2006 3 277 287 10.1016/j.cmet.2006.02.011 16581005 · DOI · Paper page
  15. [22]Hlinský T. Kumstát M. Vajda P. Effects of Dietary Nitrates on Time Trial Performance in Athletes with Different Training Status: Systematic Review Nutrients 2020 12 2734 10.3390/nu12092734 32911636 PMC7551808 · DOI · Paper page
  16. [23]Rojas-Valverde D. Montoya-Rodríguez J. Azofeifa-Mora C. Sanchez-Urena B. Effectiveness of beetroot juice derived nitrates supplementation on fatigue resistance during repeated-sprints: A systematic review Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. 2020 61 3395 3406 10.1080/10408398.2020.1798351 32715742 · DOI
  17. [25]Senefeld J.W. Wiggins C.C. Regimbal R.J. Dominelli P.B. Baker S.E. Joyner M.J. Ergogenic Effect of Nitrate Supplementation: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 2020 52 2250 2261 10.1249/MSS.0000000000002363 32936597 PMC7494956 · DOI
  18. [26]Domínguez R. Maté-Muñoz J.L. Cuenca E. García-Fernández P. Mata-Ordoñez F. Lozano-Estevan M.C. Veiga-Herreros P. da Silva S.F. Garnacho-Castaño M.V. Effects of beetroot juice supplementation on intermittent high-intensity exercise efforts J. Int. Soc. Sports Nutr. 2018 15 2 10.1186/s12970-017-0204-9 29311764 PMC5756374 · DOI · Paper page
  19. [27]Calvo J.L. Alorda-Capo F. Pareja-Galeano H. Jiménez S.L. Influence of Nitrate Supplementation on Endurance Cyclic Sports Performance: A Systematic Review Nutrients 2020 12 1796 10.3390/nu12061796 PMC7353291 32560317 · DOI
  20. [32]Ferguson S.K. Hirai D.M. Copp S.W. Holdsworth C.T. Allen J.D. Jones A.M. Musch T.I. Poole D.C. Impact of dietary nitrate supplementation via beetroot juice on exercising muscle vascular control in rats J. Physiol. 2013 591 547 557 10.1113/jphysiol.2012.243121 23070702 PMC3577528 · DOI · Paper page
  21. [33]Bailey S.J. Varnham R.L. DiMenna F.J. Breese B.C. Wylie L.J. Jones A.M. Inorganic nitrate supplementation improves muscle oxygenation, O2 uptake kinetics, and exercise tolerance at high but not low pedal rates J. Appl. Physiol. 2015 118 1396 1405 10.1152/japplphysiol.01141.2014 25858494 · DOI
  22. [34]Breese B.C. McNarry M. Marwood S. Blackwell J.R. Bailey S. Jones A.M. Beetroot juice supplementation speeds O2 uptake kinetics and improves exercise tolerance during severe-intensity exercise initiated from an elevated metabolic rate Am. J. Physiol. Integr. Comp. Physiol. 2013 305 R1441 R1450 10.1152/ajpregu.00295.2013 24089377 · DOI
  23. [35]Coggan A.R. Peterson L. Dietary Nitrate Enhances the Contractile Properties of Human Skeletal Muscle Exerc. Sport Sci. Rev. 2018 46 254 261 10.1249/JES.0000000000000167 30001275 PMC6138552 · DOI · Paper page
  24. [36]Wong T.H. Sim A. Burns S.F. The Effect of Beetroot Ingestion on High-Intensity Interval Training: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Nutrients 2021 13 3674 10.3390/nu13113674 34835931 PMC8618171 · DOI
  25. [37]Coggan A.R. Leibowitz J.L. Kadkhodayan A. Thomas D.P. Ramamurthy S. Spearie C.A. Waller S. Farmer M. Peterson L. Effect of acute dietary nitrate intake on maximal knee extensor speed and power in healthy men and women Nitric Oxide 2015 48 16 21 10.1016/j.niox.2014.08.014 25199856 PMC4362985 · DOI · Paper page
  26. [38]Coggan A.R. Leibowitz J.L. Spearie C.A. Kadkhodayan A. Thomas D.P. Ramamurthy S. Mahmood K. Park S. Waller S. Farmer M. Acute Dietary Nitrate Intake Improves Muscle Contractile Function in Patients with Heart Failure: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Randomized Trial Circ. Hearth Fail 2015 8 914 920 10.1161/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.115.002141 PMC4573847 26179185 · DOI · Paper page
  27. [40]Jonvik K.L. Hoogervorst D. Peelen H.B. De Niet M. Verdijk L.B. Van Loon L.J.C. Van Dijk J.-W. The impact of beetroot juice supplementation on muscular endurance, maximal strength and countermovement jump performance Eur. J. Sport Sci. 2021 21 871 878 10.1080/17461391.2020.1788649 32594854 · DOI
  28. [41]Cuenca E. Jodra P. Pérez-López A. González-Rodríguez L.G. Fernandes Da Silva S. Veiga-Herreros P. Domínguez R. Effects of beetroot juice supplementation on performance and fatigue in a 30-s all-out sprint exercise: A randomized, double-blind cross-over study Nutrients 2018 10 1222 10.3390/nu10091222 PMC6164999 30181436 · DOI · Paper page
  29. [42]Domínguez R. Cuenca E. Maté-Muñoz J.L. García-Fernández P. Serra-Paya N. Estevan M.C.L. Herreros P.V. Garnacho-Castaño M.V. Effects of Beetroot Juice Supplementation on Cardiorespiratory Endurance in Athletes. A Systematic Review Nutrients 2017 9 43 10.3390/nu9010043 28067808 PMC5295087 · DOI · Paper page
  30. [43]Jodra P. Domínguez R. Sanchez-Oliver A.J. Veiga-Herreros P. Bailey S.J. Effect of Beetroot Juice Supplementation on Mood, Perceived Exertion, and Performance During a 30-Second Wingate Test Int. J. Sports Physiol. Perform. 2020 15 243 248 10.1123/ijspp.2019-0149 31172827 · DOI
  31. [45]Jonvik K. Nyakayiru J. Van Dijk J. Maase K. Ballak S. Senden J. van Loon L.J. Verdijk L. Repeated-sprint performance and plasma responses following beetroot juice supplementation do not differ between recreational, competitive and elite sprint athletes Eur. J. Sport Sci. 2018 18 524 533 10.1080/17461391.2018.1433722 29412076 · DOI · Paper page
  32. [48]Henneman E. Somjen G. Carpenter D.O. Excitability and Inhibitibility of Motoneurons of Different Sizes J. Neurophysiol. 1965 28 599 620 10.1152/jn.1965.28.3.599 5835487 · DOI
  33. [49]Wylie L. Bailey S. Kelly J. Blackwell J.R. Vanhatalo A. Jones A.M. Influence of beetroot juice supplementation on intermittent exercise performance Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. 2016 116 415 425 10.1007/s00421-015-3296-4 26614506 PMC4717163 · DOI · Paper page
  34. [50]Moher D. Liberati A. Tetzlaff J. Altman D.G. The PRISMA Group Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: The PRISMA Statement PLoS Med. 2009 6 e1000097 10.1371/journal.pmed.1000097 19621072 PMC2707599 · DOI · Paper page
  35. [51]Maher C.G. Sherrington C. Herbert R.D. Moseley A.M. Elkins M. Reliability of the PEDro Scale for Rating Quality of Randomized Controlled Trials Phys. Ther. 2003 83 713 721 10.1093/ptj/83.8.713 12882612 · DOI · Paper page
  36. [52]Grgic J. Caffeine ingestion enhances Wingate performance: A meta-analysis Eur. J. Sport Sci. 2018 18 219 225 10.1080/17461391.2017.1394371 29087785 · DOI
  37. [53]Van Tulder M. Furlan A. Bombardier C. Bouter L. Updated Method Guidelines for Systematic Reviews in the Cochrane Collaboration Back Review Group Spine 2003 28 1290 1299 10.1097/01.BRS.0000065484.95996.AF 12811274 · DOI · Paper page
  38. [54]McCrary J.M. Ackermann B. Halaki M. A systematic review of the effects of upper body warm-up on performance and injury Br. J. Sports Med. 2015 49 935 942 10.1136/bjsports-2014-094228 25694615 · DOI
  39. [55]Cohen J. Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences 2nd ed. Routledge Academic New York, NY, USA 1988
  40. [57]López-Samanes Á. Pérez-López A. Moreno-Pérez V. Nakamura F.Y. Acebes-Sánchez J. Quintana-Milla I. Sánchez-Oliver A.J. Moreno-Pérez D. Fernández-Elías V.E. Domínguez R. Effects of Beetroot Juice Ingestion on Physical Performance in Highly Competitive Tennis Players Nutrients 2020 12 584 10.3390/nu12020584 32102263 PMC7071491 · DOI
  41. [58]Shamseer L. Moher D. Clarke M. Ghersi D. Liberati A. Petticrew M. Shekelle P. Stewart L.A. The PRISMA-P Group Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015: Elaboration and explanation BMJ 2015 349 g7647 10.1136/bmj.g7647 25555855 · DOI · Paper page
  42. [59]Thompson C. Wylie L.J. Fulford J. Kelly J. Black M.I. McDonagh S.T. Jeukendrup A.E. Vanhatalo A. Jones A.M. Dietary nitrate improves sprint performance and cognitive function during prolonged intermittent exercise Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. 2015 115 1825 1834 10.1007/s00421-015-3166-0 25846114 · DOI · Paper page
  43. [61]Buck C.L. Henry T. Guelfi K. Dawson B. Mc Naughton L.R. Wallman K. Effects of sodium phosphate and beetroot juice supplementation on repeated-sprint ability in females Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. 2015 115 2205 2213 10.1007/s00421-015-3201-1 26077126 · DOI · Paper page
  44. [62]Smith K. Muggeridge D.J. Easton C. Ross M.D. An acute dose of inorganic dietary nitrate does not improve high-intensity, intermittent exercise performance in temperate or hot and humid conditions Graefe’s Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol. 2019 119 723 733 10.1007/s00421-018-04063-9 30617465 PMC6394696 · DOI
  45. [63]Kent G.L. Dawson B. McNaughton L.R. Cox G. Burke L.M. Peeling P. The effect of beetroot juice supplementation on repeat-sprint performance in hypoxia J. Sports Sci. 2019 37 339 346 10.1080/02640414.2018.1504369 30058956 · DOI
  46. [64]Clifford T. Berntzen B. Davison G.W. West D.J. Howatson G. Stevenson E.J. Effects of Beetroot Juice on Recovery of Muscle Function and Performance between Bouts of Repeated Sprint Exercise Nutrients 2016 8 506 10.3390/nu8080506 PMC4997419 27548212 · DOI
  47. [65]Rodríguez A. Castillo D. Raya-González J. Domínguez R. Bailey S.J. Beetroot juice supplementation increases concentric and eccentric muscle power output. Original investigation J. Sci. Med. Sport 2020 24 80 84 10.1016/j.jsams.2020.05.018 32507624 · DOI
  48. [67]Kramer S.J. Baur D.A. Spicer M.T. Vukovich M. Ormsbee M.J. The effect of six days of dietary nitrate supplementation on performance in trained CrossFit athletes J. Int. Soc. Sports Nutr. 2016 13 39 10.1186/s12970-016-0150-y 27822169 PMC5093951 · DOI
  49. [68]Haider G. Folland J.P. Nitrate Supplementation Enhances the Contractile Properties of Human Skeletal Muscle Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 2014 46 2234 2243 10.1249/MSS.0000000000000351 24681572 · DOI · Paper page
  50. [69]Porcelli S. Ramaglia M. Bellistri G. Pavei G. Pugliese L. Montorsi M. Rasica L. Marzorati M. Aerobic Fitness Affects the Exercise Performance Responses to Nitrate Supplementation Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 2015 47 1643 1651 10.1249/MSS.0000000000000577 25412295 · DOI · Paper page
  51. [71]Bond H. Morton L. Braakhuis A. Dietary Nitrate Supplementation Improves Rowing Performance in Well-Trained Rowers Int. J. Sport Nutr. Exerc. Metab. 2012 22 251 256 10.1123/ijsnem.22.4.251 22710356 · DOI · Paper page
  52. [72]Trappe S. Luden N. Minchev K. Raue U. Jemiolo B. Trappe T.A. Skeletal muscle signature of a champion sprint runner J. Appl. Physiol. 2015 118 1460 1466 10.1152/japplphysiol.00037.2015 25749440 PMC4469925 · DOI
  53. [74]Rodríguez-Rosell D. Blanco F.P. Aagaard P. González-Badillo J.J. Physiological and methodological aspects of rate of force development assessment in human skeletal muscle Clin. Physiol. Funct. Imaging 2018 38 743 762 10.1111/cpf.12495 29266685 · DOI
  54. [75]Wootton-Beard P.C. Ryan L. Combined use of Multiple Methodologies for the Measurement of Total Antioxidant Capacity in UK Commercially Available Vegetable Juices Plant Foods Hum. Nutr. 2012 67 142 147 10.1007/s11130-012-0287-z 22538528 · DOI · Paper page
  55. [76]Gago B. Lundberg J.O. Barbosa R.M. Laranjinha J. Red wine-dependent reduction of nitrite to nitric oxide in the stomach Free Radic. Biol. Med. 2007 43 1233 1242 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2007.06.007 17893036 · DOI · Paper page
  56. [77]Flueck J.L. Bogdanova A. Mettler S. Perret C. Is beetroot juice more effective than sodium nitrate? The effects of equimolar nitrate dosages of nitrate-rich beetroot juice and sodium nitrate on oxygen consumption during exercise Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab. 2016 41 421 429 10.1139/apnm-2015-0458 26988767 · DOI · Paper page
  57. [79]Reid M.B. Redox interventions to increase exercise performance J. Physiol. 2015 594 5125 5133 10.1113/JP270653 26584644 PMC5023705 · DOI
  58. [80]Jonvik K.L. Nyakayiru J. Van Dijk J.-W. Wardenaar F.C. Van Loon L.J. Verdijk L.B. Habitual Dietary Nitrate Intake in Highly Trained Athletes Int. J. Sport Nutr. Exerc. Metab. 2017 27 148 157 10.1123/ijsnem.2016-0239 27768510 · DOI
  59. [81]Glaister M. Pattison J.R. Muniz-Pumares D. Patterson S. Foley P. Effects of Dietary Nitrate, Caffeine, and Their Combination on 20-km Cycling Time Trial Performance J. Strength Cond. Res. 2015 29 165 174 10.1519/JSC.0000000000000596 24978834 · DOI
  60. [82]Karampelas D. Antonopoulos K. Michailidis Y. Mitrotasios M. Mandroukas A. Metaxas T. Comparison of Ergogenic Effects of Caffeine and Nitrate Supplementation on Speed, Power and Repeated Sprint Performance of Soccer Players Physiologia 2021 1 2 10.3390/physiologia1010002 · DOI
  61. [84]Callahan M.J. Parr E. Hawley J. Burke L.M. Single and Combined Effects of Beetroot Crystals and Sodium Bicarbonate on 4-km Cycling Time Trial Performance Int. J. Sport Nutr. Exerc. Metab. 2017 27 271 278 10.1123/ijsnem.2016-0228 27834492 · DOI · Paper page
  62. [85]Nyakayiru J. van Loon L.J. Verdijk L.B. Could intramuscular storage of dietary nitrate contribute to its ergogenic effect? A mini-review Free Radic. Biol. Med. 2020 152 295 300 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.03.025 32224084 · DOI
  63. [86]Gilliard C.N. Lam J.K. Cassel K.S. Park J.W. Schechter A.N. Piknova B. Effect of dietary nitrate levels on nitrate fluxes in rat skeletal muscle and liver Nitric Oxide 2018 75 1 7 10.1016/j.niox.2018.01.010 29378248 PMC5860979 · DOI · Paper page
  64. [88]Piknova B. Park J.W. Lam K.K.J. Schechter A.N. Nitrate as a source of nitrite and nitric oxide during exercise hyperemia in rat skeletal muscle Nitric Oxide 2016 55-56 54 61 10.1016/j.niox.2016.03.005 27000467 PMC4860042 · DOI · Paper page
  65. [93]Bailey S.J. Blackwell J.R. Wylie L.J. Holland T. Winyard P.G. Jones A.M. Improvement in blood pressure after short-term inorganic nitrate supplementation is attenuated in cigarette smokers compared to non-smoking controls Nitric Oxide 2016 61 29 37 10.1016/j.niox.2016.10.002 27744007 · DOI
  66. [94]Vanhatalo A. L’Heureux J.E. Kelly J. Blackwell J.R. Wylie L.J. Fulford J. Winyard P.G. Williams D.W. van der Giezen M. Jones A.M. Network analysis of nitrate-sensitive oral microbiome reveals interactions with cognitive function and cardiovascular health across dietary interventions Redox Biol. 2021 41 101933 10.1016/j.redox.2021.101933 33721836 PMC7970425 · DOI
  67. [95]Costello J. Bieuzen F. Bleakley C. Where are all the female participants in Sports and Exercise Medicine research? Eur. J. Sport Sci. 2014 14 847 851 10.1080/17461391.2014.911354 24766579 · DOI · Paper page
  68. [96]Wickham K.A. Spriet L.L. No longer beeting around the bush: A review of potential sex differences with dietary nitrate supplementation Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab. 2019 44 915 924 10.1139/apnm-2019-0063 31348674 · DOI
  69. [97]Baranauskas M.N. Freemas J.A. Tan R. Carter S.J. Moving beyond inclusion: Methodological considerations for the menstrual cycle and menopause in research evaluating effects of dietary nitrate on vascular function Nitric Oxide 2021 118 39 48 10.1016/j.niox.2021.11.001 34774755 · DOI
  70. [98]Kapil V. Rathod K.S. Khambata R.S. Bahra M. Velmurugan S. Purba A. Watson D.S. Barnes M.R. Wade W.G. Ahluwalia A. Sex differences in the nitrate-nitrite-NO• pathway: Role of oral nitrate-reducing bacteria Free Radic. Biol. Med. 2018 126 113 121 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.07.010 30031863 · DOI
  71. [99]Mendez-Villanueva A. Bishop D. Hamer P. Reproducibility of a 6-s maximal cycling sprint test J. Sci. Med. Sport 2007 10 323 326 10.1016/j.jsams.2006.07.017 16949868 · DOI
  72. [101]Glaister M. Stone M.H. Stewart A.M. Hughes M. Moir G.L. The reliability and validity of fatigue measures during short-duration maximal-intensity intermittent cycling J. Strength Cond. Res. 2004 18 459 462 15320670
  73. [102]Sim A.Y. Dawson B.T. Guelfi K.J. E Wallman K. Young W.B. Effects of Static Stretching in Warm-Up on Repeated Sprint Performance J. Strength Cond. Res. 2009 23 2155 2162 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181b438f3 19855346 · DOI
  74. [103]Darrall-Jones J.D. Jones B. Roe G. Till K. Reliability and Usefulness of Linear Sprint Testing in Adolescent Rugby Union and League Players J. Strength Cond. Res. 2016 30 1359 1364 10.1519/JSC.0000000000001233 26466131 · DOI
  75. [104]Spencer M. Lawrence S. Rechichi C. Bishop D. Dawson B. Goodman C. Time-motion analysis of elite field hockey, with special reference to repeated-sprint activity J. Sports Sci. 2004 22 843 850 10.1080/02640410410001716715 15513278 · DOI
  76. [105]Spencer M. Bishop D. Dawson B. Goodman C. Physiological and Metabolic Responses of Repeated-Sprint Activities Sports Med. 2005 35 1025 1044 10.2165/00007256-200535120-00003 16336007 · DOI · Paper page
  77. [106]Stamler J.S. Redox signaling: Nitrosylation and related target interactions of nitric oxide Cell 1994 78 931 936 10.1016/0092-8674(94)90269-0 7923362 · DOI · Paper page
  78. [108]Vanhatalo A. Jones A.M. Blackwell J.R. Winyard P.G. Fulford J. Dietary nitrate accelerates postexercise muscle metabolic recovery and O2 delivery in hpoxia J. Appl. Physiol. 2014 117 1460 1470 10.1152/japplphysiol.00096.2014 25301896 PMC4269683 · DOI · Paper page

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Tan, R., Cano, L., Lago-Rodríguez, Á., & Domínguez, R.
Affiliations
  • Pepperdine University (US)
  • Independent Researcher, 48991 Getxo, Spain
  • Centro de Enseñanza Superior Alberta Giménez (ES)
  • Universidade Federal de Lavras (BR)
Corresponding author
Lago-Rodríguez, Ángel
ORCID
Venue
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2022-01-11
Volume
19
Issue
2
Pages
762
ISSN
1660-4601 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3390/ijerph19020762
PMC
PMC8775572
OpenAlex
W4205121381
Cited by
37
References
29
Citations by year
2026: 6 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 3
FWCI
1.72
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Pepperdine Digital Commons (Pepperdine University) (submittedVersion)
  • RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
  • Deposito de Investigacion Universidad de Sevilla (University of Seville) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Exercise and Physiological Responses
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
Keywords
nitrate supplementation, beetroot, sprint performance, output power, high-intensity exercise, resistance training, skeletal muscle function, fast-twitch muscle, isokinetic knee extension
MeSH terms
Double-Blind Method, Nitrates, Nitrites, Dietary Supplements, Explosive Agents, Athletic Performance

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review