Low-Intensity Exercise Exerts Beneficial Effects on Plasma Lipids via PPARγ
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: An important mechanism by which physical activity reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease is through regulating plasma lipids. We investigated whether low-intensity exercise modulates lipid metabolism and the transcription factors peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) and liver X receptor alpha (LXRalpha) responsible for controlling reverse cholesterol transport (RCT). METHODS: Thirty-four sedentary adults, mean age 45.6 +/- 11.1 yr, participated in an 8-wk low-intensity exercise program consisting of walking 10,000 steps, three times a week. Subjects were randomly allocated to either an exercise group or a sedentary control group, and serum lipid or lipoprotein concentrations were determined. RESULTS: Compared with controls, there was a significant decrease in total cholesterol (preexercise, 5.73 +/- 1.39 mmol x L; postexercise, 5.32 +/- 1.28 mmol x L) and a significant increase in HDL (preexercise, 1.46 +/- 0.47 mmol x L; postexercise, 1.56 +/- 0.50 mmol x L) after the exercise program. There was a significant increase in serum oxidized LDL (oxLDL) concentrations in the exercise group before and after exercise (0 wk, 554 +/- 107 ng x mL; 4 wk, 698 +/- 134 ng x mL; 8 wk, 588 +/- 145 ng x mL). A significant increase in leukocyte mRNA expression for PPARgamma (4 wk, 1.8 +/- 0.9-fold; 8 wk, 4.3 +/- 1.9-fold) was observed, which was reinforced by increased PPARgamma DNA-binding activity postexercise (preexercise, 0.22 +/- 0.09 OD units; postexercise, 1.13 +/- 0.29 OD units). A significant increase in gene expression was observed for the oxLDL scavenger receptor CD36 (4 wk, 3.8 +/- 0.6-fold; 8 wk, 2.7 +/- 0.5-fold) and LXRalpha (8 wk, 3.5 +/- 0.8-fold). Two LXRalpha-regulated genes involved in RCT, namely, ATP-binding cassette transporters A1 and GI (ABCA1 and ABCG1, respectively), were significantly up-regulated postexercise (8 wk: ABCA1, 3.46 +/- 0.56-fold; ABCG1, 3.06 +/- 0.47-fold). CONCLUSION: We propose that the net effect of these changes may be to increase oxLDL uptake, to stimulate RCT, and thus to promote clearance of proatherogenic lipids from the vasculature, ultimately contributing to the cardiovascular benefits of low-intensity aerobic exercise.
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Low intensity exercise results in a significant increase in LXR expression in humans.
“A study reported that low intensity exercise resulted in significant increase in LXR expression in human [71].”
From Effects of aerobic exercise on lipids and lipoproteins (2017) · cites this paper as [71]
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Performance analysis of walking of 10,000 regular users of a connected activity tracker
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- Authors
- BUTCHER, L. R., THOMAS, A., BACKX, K., ROBERTS, A., WEBB, R., & MORRIS, K.
- Affiliations
- Cardiff University (GB)
- Cardiff Metropolitan University (GB)
- Venue
- Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise
- Published
- 2008-07
- Volume
- 40
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 1263-1270
- ISSN
- 0195-9131 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1966394156
- Cited by
- 128
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 1.92
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Cardiff Metropolitan Research Repository (Cardiff Metropolitan University) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Cholesterol and Lipid Metabolism
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Clinical Biochemistry › Paraoxonase enzyme and polymorphisms
- Keywords
- low-intensity exercise, walking, plasma lipids, PPARγ, liver X receptor alpha, reverse cholesterol transport, HDL cholesterol, total cholesterol, oxidized LDL, CD36, ABCA1, ABCG1, leukocyte gene expression, lipid metabolism, cardiovascular risk, sedentary adults, transcription factors, DNA-binding activity, ABCA13, ABCG4
- MeSH terms
- Liver X Receptors, Adult, Analysis of Variance, Female, Humans, Lipids, Male, Middle Aged, RNA, Messenger, Exercise, Gene Expression, Case-Control Studies, Walking, Sequence Alignment, Program Development, CD36 Antigens, PPAR gamma, Orphan Nuclear Receptors, Sedentary Behavior
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