The DOI matches its Crossref record; 40 of the 40 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Chocolate Milk and Endurance Exercise Recovery: Protein Balance, Glycogen, and Performance
Abstract
PURPOSE: This study examined effects of fat-free chocolate milk (MILK) consumption on kinetic and cellular markers of protein turnover, muscle glycogen, and performance during recovery from endurance exercise. METHODS: Male runners participated in two trials separated by 1 wk and consumed either MILK or a nonnitrogenous isocaloric carbohydrate (CHO) control beverage (CON) after a 45-min run at 65% of V˙O(2peak). Postexercise muscle protein fractional synthetic rate (FSR) and whole-body protein turnover were determined during 3 h of recovery using muscle biopsies and primed constant infusions of L-[ring-²H₅]phenylalanine and L-[1-¹³C]leucine, respectively. Phosphorylation of translational signaling proteins and activity of proteolytic molecules were determined using Western blotting and enzymatic activity assays. Muscle glycogen was quantified, and treadmill time to exhaustion was determined after the recovery period. RESULTS: Consuming MILK after exercise resulted in higher mixed muscle FSR with lower whole-body proteolysis and synthesis compared with CON (P ≤ 0.05). Phosphorylation of eIF4E-BP1 and FOXO3a was higher for MILK (P < 0.01), whereas Akt phosphorylation was lower during recovery regardless of dietary treatment (P < 0.05). Enzymatic activity assays indicated lower caspase-3 activity during recovery for MILK (P < 0.01) and higher 26S proteasome activity for CON (P < 0.01). Muscle glycogen was not affected by either dietary treatment; however, time to exhaustion was greater for MILK than for CON (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The effects of consumption of MILK after endurance exercise on FSR, signaling molecules of skeletal muscle protein turnover, leucine kinetics, and performance measures suggest unique benefits of milk compared with a CHO-only beverage.
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In the citing paper
“Chocolate milk (Karp et al. 2006; Lunn et al. 2012; Pritchett et al. 2009; Thomas et al. 2009) and fast food (Cramer et al. 2015) also impact subsequent exercise performance similarly to commercial sport nutrition items.”
From Males and females exhibit similar muscle glycogen recovery with varied recovery food sources (2020) · cites this paper as Lunn et al. 2012
In the citing paper
“Both chocolate milk (Lunn et al. 2012) and fast food items (Cramer et al. 2015) restore glycogen similarly to common commercial sport nutrition products.”
From Males and females exhibit similar muscle glycogen recovery with varied recovery food sources (2020) · cites this paper as Lunn et al. 2012
In the citing paper
“When compared to sport nutrition products, food items have demonstrated success in promoting 4-h glycogen re-synthesis rates.”
From Males and females exhibit similar muscle glycogen recovery with varied recovery food sources (2020) · cites this paper as Lunn et al. 2012
In the citing paper
“Other research has demonstrated that golden raisins and chocolate milk are as effective as sports supplements for providing carbohydrate during (Rietschier et al. 2011) and after (Karp et al. 2006; Lunn et al. 2012; Pritchett et al. 2009; Thomas et al. 2009) exercise.”
From Males and females exhibit similar muscle glycogen recovery with varied recovery food sources (2020) · cites this paper as Lunn et al. 2012
Citations
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Cited by
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Pasiakos, S. M., McLellan, T. M., & Lieberman, H. R. (2015) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-014-0242-2 · Cited by 202
Self-citationPasiakos, S. M., Lieberman, H. R., & McLellan, T. M. (2014) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-013-0137-7 · Cited by 178
Self-citationBeyond muscle hypertrophy: why dietary protein is important for endurance athletes
Moore, D. R., Camera, D. M., Areta, J. L., & Hawley, J. A. (2014) · Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism · doi:10.1139/apnm-2013-0591 · Cited by 138
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Metadata
- Authors
- LUNN, W. R., PASIAKOS, S. M., COLLETTO, M. R., KARFONTA, K. E., CARBONE, J. W., ANDERSON, J. M., & RODRIGUEZ, N. R.
- Affiliations
- Southern Connecticut State University (US)
- University of Connecticut (US)
- Eastern Michigan University (US)
- Venue
- Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise
- Published
- 2012-04
- Volume
- 44
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 682-691
- ISSN
- 0195-9131 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2022111631
- Cited by
- 108
- References
- 40
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 3.98
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Exercise and Physiological Responses
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
- Keywords
- chocolate milk, post-exercise recovery, endurance exercise, protein turnover, muscle protein synthesis, fractional synthesis rate, muscle glycogen, leucine kinetics, FOXO3, Akt signaling, caspase-3, 26S proteasome, time to exhaustion, runners
- MeSH terms
- Forkhead Box Protein O3, Adult, Animals, Cacao, Dietary Carbohydrates, Glycogen, Heart Rate, Humans, Male, Milk, Muscle Proteins, Oxygen Consumption, Phosphoproteins, Phosphorylation, Physical Endurance, Muscle, Skeletal, Cell Cycle Proteins, Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex, Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt, Forkhead Transcription Factors, Athletic Performance, Young Adult
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