Cited by 108Muscle metabolism and nutritionExercise and Physiological ResponsesSports Performance and Training

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Chocolate Milk and Endurance Exercise Recovery: Protein Balance, Glycogen, and Performance

LUNN, WILLIAM R., PASIAKOS, STEFAN M., COLLETTO, MEGAN R., KARFONTA, KIRSTIN E., CARBONE, JOHN W., ANDERSON, JEFFREY M., RODRIGUEZ, NANCY R.·2012·Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise

DOI 10.1249/mss.0b013e3182364162

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Abstract

PURPOSE: This study examined effects of fat-free chocolate milk (MILK) consumption on kinetic and cellular markers of protein turnover, muscle glycogen, and performance during recovery from endurance exercise. METHODS: Male runners participated in two trials separated by 1 wk and consumed either MILK or a nonnitrogenous isocaloric carbohydrate (CHO) control beverage (CON) after a 45-min run at 65% of V˙O(2peak). Postexercise muscle protein fractional synthetic rate (FSR) and whole-body protein turnover were determined during 3 h of recovery using muscle biopsies and primed constant infusions of L-[ring-²H₅]phenylalanine and L-[1-¹³C]leucine, respectively. Phosphorylation of translational signaling proteins and activity of proteolytic molecules were determined using Western blotting and enzymatic activity assays. Muscle glycogen was quantified, and treadmill time to exhaustion was determined after the recovery period. RESULTS: Consuming MILK after exercise resulted in higher mixed muscle FSR with lower whole-body proteolysis and synthesis compared with CON (P ≤ 0.05). Phosphorylation of eIF4E-BP1 and FOXO3a was higher for MILK (P < 0.01), whereas Akt phosphorylation was lower during recovery regardless of dietary treatment (P < 0.05). Enzymatic activity assays indicated lower caspase-3 activity during recovery for MILK (P < 0.01) and higher 26S proteasome activity for CON (P < 0.01). Muscle glycogen was not affected by either dietary treatment; however, time to exhaustion was greater for MILK than for CON (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The effects of consumption of MILK after endurance exercise on FSR, signaling molecules of skeletal muscle protein turnover, leucine kinetics, and performance measures suggest unique benefits of milk compared with a CHO-only beverage.

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Authors: LUNN, W. R., PASIAKOS, S. M., COLLETTO, M. R., KARFONTA, K. E., CARBONE, J. W., ANDERSON, J. M., & RODRIGUEZ, N. R.
Affiliations: Southern Connecticut State University (US)
University of Connecticut (US)
Eastern Michigan University (US)
ORCID: PASIAKOS, STEFAN M.
RODRIGUEZ, NANCY R.
Venue: Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Published: 2012-04
Volume: 44
Issue: 4
Pages: 682-691
ISSN: 0195-9131 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1249/mss.0b013e3182364162
OpenAlex: W2022111631
Cited by: 108
References: 40
Citations by year: 2026: 2 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 4
FWCI: 3.98
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Exercise and Physiological Responses
Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
Keywords: chocolate milk, post-exercise recovery, endurance exercise, protein turnover, muscle protein synthesis, fractional synthesis rate, muscle glycogen, leucine kinetics, FOXO3, Akt signaling, caspase-3, 26S proteasome, time to exhaustion, runners
MeSH terms: Forkhead Box Protein O3, Adult, Animals, Cacao, Dietary Carbohydrates, Glycogen, Heart Rate, Humans, Male, Milk, Muscle Proteins, Oxygen Consumption, Phosphoproteins, Phosphorylation, Physical Endurance, Muscle, Skeletal, Cell Cycle Proteins, Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex, Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt, Forkhead Transcription Factors, Athletic Performance, Young Adult

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Chocolate Milk and Endurance Exercise Recovery: Protein Balance, Glycogen, and Performance

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